| Thomas L. Bailey | |
| Image Name: | Governor Thomas L. Bailey, Jan. 18, 1944 to Nov. 2, 1946 (13936315729).jpg |
| Party: | Democratic |
| Order: | 48th |
| Governor of Mississippi | |
| Term Start: | January 18, 1944 |
| Term End: | November 2, 1946 |
| Lieutenant: | Fielding L. Wright |
| Predecessor: | Dennis Murphree |
| Successor: | Fielding L. Wright |
| Office2: | 52nd Speaker of the Mississippi House of Representatives |
| Term Start2: | 1924 |
| Term End2: | 1936 |
| Predecessor2: | Mike Conner |
| Successor2: | Horace Stansel |
| Birth Date: | January 6, 1888 |
| Birth Place: | near Maben, Mississippi |
| Death Place: | Jackson, Mississippi |
| Profession: | Lawyer |
| Spouse: | Nellah Massey |
Thomas Lowry Bailey (January 6, 1888 – November 2, 1946) was an American politician from the state of Mississippi.
He was born in Webster County, Mississippi and graduated from Millsaps College. Bailey was elected to the Mississippi House of Representatives as a Democratic candidate in 1915 and served from 1916 to 1940. He unsuccessfully ran for governor in 1939 but was elected in 1943. Bailey helped in the development of roads and ways to help farmers sell their products. During his term a four-year medical school at the University of Mississippi was initiated.
He died of a stroke in Mississippi Governor's Mansion in 1946 aged 58, in Jackson during his term as governor. He was succeeded by Lieutenant Governor Fielding L. Wright.