Thomas J. Kelly (scientist) explained

Thomas J. Kelly
Birth Date:1941[1]
Nationality:American
Fields:Molecular biology, biochemistry
Workplaces:Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Alma Mater:Johns Hopkins University
Awards:Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize of Columbia University[2] Alfred P. Sloan, Jr. Prize of the General Motors Cancer Research Foundation.[3]

Thomas J. Kelly is an American cancer researcher whose work focuses on the molecular mechanisms of DNA replication. Kelly is director of the Sloan-Kettering Institute,[4] [5] the basic research arm of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. He holds the Center's Benno C. Schmidt Chair of Cancer Research.

Before joining Sloan-Kettering in 2002, Kelly was professor and director of the Department of Molecular Biology[6] and Genetics at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and was the founding director of the Johns Hopkins Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences.[5] [7]

Kelly pioneered the study of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells by using DNA viruses as model systems.[8] His laboratory developed the first cell-free systems for studying the biochemistry of DNA replication in human cells, enabling the identification and functional characterization of components of the human replication machinery.[9]

In recognition of this work he received the 2004 Alfred P. Sloan, Jr. Prize of the General Motors Cancer Research Foundation[10] and the 2010 Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize of Columbia University.[11] [12]

Career

Kelly earned a Ph.D. in biophysics in 1968[13] and an M.D. in 1969. While a postdoctoral fellow with Hamilton O. Smith at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine during 1969-70,[14] Kelly determined the DNA sequences recognized by type II restriction enzymes, which subsequently became major tools in recombinant DNA research.[15] In 1970 he moved to the National Institutes of Health as a member of the United States Public Health Service and conducted research on the DNA viruses, adenovirus and SV40, which cause tumors in animals.[16] He joined the faculty in the Department of Microbiology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in 1972, where he began to exploit viruses as potentially powerful model systems for exploring the mechanisms of DNA replication in human cells.[17]

Using proteins derived from human cells, he and his colleagues developed the first cell-free DNA replication systems capable of duplicating the complete genomes of adenovirus and SV40.[18] The SV40 system proved to be a particularly useful system because SV40 relies largely on the cellular replication machinery for the duplication of its genome. Thus, biochemical analysis of the SV40 system made it possible to identify and functionally characterize proteins and enzymes that carry out the duplication of the chromosomal DNA in human cells.[19] In subsequent work Kelly and colleagues have shifted their focus from studying the machinery of DNA replication to the mechanism that controls it. Studying these mechanisms are essential for ensuring the accuracy of DNA replication during the cell cycle in human cells and in fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe), which is highly significant in understanding cancer.[20] [21] [22]

Since 2002, Kelly has been the director of the Sloan-Kettering Institute, where he has expanded or re-invigorated some of its laboratory research programs.[23] Kelly also led the establishment of the Gerstner Sloan-Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, which provides a novel curriculum in basic and translational cancer biology leading to the Ph.D. degree.[24] [25]

Honors

Awards

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: APS Member History.
  2. Web site: Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize . 2010 . Columbia University Medical Center . March 5, 2013.
  3. Web site: Thomas Kelly Wins General Motors Cancer Research Award. . 2004-06-09.
  4. Web site: Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute External Advisory Board. February 28, 2013.
  5. Web site: NIH Director Welcomes Five New Members to the Advisory Committee to the Director . National Institutes of Health . January 31, 2008.
  6. Awards, Appointments, Announcements. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 2002. 94. 3. 165–166. 10.1093/jnci/94.3.165.
  7. News: Kari Evans, Mark Kelly Wedding Announcement . The New York Times . 2007-11-11.
  8. Kelly, Thomas J., Brown, Grant W.. Regulation of Chromosome Replication. Annual Review of Biochemistry. 69. 829–880. 10.1146/annurev.biochem.69.1.829. 10966477. July 2000.
  9. Book: Thomas J. . Kelly . Bruce . Stillman . 2006 . Duplication of DNA in Eukaryotic Cells . http://www.cshlpress.com/pdf/sample/dnarep.pdf . Melvin L . DePamphilis . DNA Replication and Human Disease . 1–29 . Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press . Cold Spring Harbor, New York . 978-0-87969-766-2.
  10. Web site: 2004 Alfred P. Sloan Jr. Prize of the General Motors Cancer Research Foundation . Landesbioscience.com . 1979-05-02 . 2013-04-23.
  11. Web site: Honoring Two Pioneers of Genetics and Cancer Research . Columbia University . 2011-02-28.
  12. Web site: The Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize for Biology or Biochemistry . Columbia University Medical Center . 2013-03-05.
  13. Web site: Department of Biophysics Alumni . 1968.
  14. http://archive.gazette.jhu.edu/2010/05/24/society-of-scholars-inducts-new-members/ Thomas J. Kelly Jr., New York
  15. 10.1016/0022-2836(70)90150-6 . A restriction enzyme from Hemophilus influenzae: II. Base sequence of the recognition site . 1970 . Kelly . Thomas J. . Journal of Molecular Biology . 51 . 2 . 393–409 . 5312501 . Smith . Hamilton O..
  16. Simian virus 40 integration site in an adenovirus 7-simian virus 40 hybrid DNA molecule. 1971 . Kelly . T J . Rose . J A . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . 68 . 5 . 1037–41 . 10.1073/pnas.68.5.1037. 4324999 . 1971PNAS...68.1037K . 389108 . free .
  17. Web site: NIH, Scientific Management Review Board, Thomas Kelly, M.D., Ph.D.. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, March 4, 2013
  18. Kelly TJ, Rosenfeld PJ, Wides RJ, O'Neill EA, Li JJ, Wold MS . Replication of adenovirus and SV40 chromosomes in vitro. 2894680. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. 317. 1187. 429–438. 10.1098/rstb.1987.0070. December 15, 1987. 1987RSPTB.317..429K.
  19. Book: http://www.charitywire.com/charity95/03577.html . New Leadership at Memorial Sloan-Kettering . Charity Wire . Article 03577 . 2001-12-26.
  20. Web site: Sloan-Kettering Institute, Molecular Biology, Thomas J. Kelly. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. 14 March 2013.
  21. Brush, GeorgeS., Anderson, Carl W., and Kelly, Thomas J.. The DNA-activated protein kinase is required for the phosphorylation of replication protein A during simian virus 40 DNA replication. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91. 26. 12520–12524. March 8, 2013. December 1994. 10.1073/pnas.91.26.12520. 7809070. 45470. 1994PNAS...9112520B. free.
  22. Brown, Grant W. . Kelly, Thomas J. . amp . Cell cycle regulation of Dfp1, an activator of the Hsk1. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA . July 1999 . 96. 15 . 8443–8448. 10.1073/pnas.96.15.8443. 10411894. 17535. 1999PNAS...96.8443B. free .
  23. News: The JHU Gazette - May 24, 2010 . Issuu.com . 12 . 2010-05-24 . 2012-06-05.
  24. Web site: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Starts New Graduate School . Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center . 2005-07-26.
  25. http://www2.mskcc.org/gerstner/html/55785.cfm Gerstner Sloan-Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Thomas J. Kelly's Welcome
  26. http://www.aaas.org/publications/annual_report/2006/aaas_annualreport06.pdf AAAS Annual Report 2006
  27. Web site: Society of Scholars, 1969 to Present . Johns Hopkins University . 2010.
  28. Web site: Recipients Identified Steps of DNA Replication Fundamental to Cancer Research . Columbia University . December 6, 2010.
  29. http://www2.mskcc.org/mskcc/html/48503.cfm Thomas Kelly Wins General Motors Cancer Research Award

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