| Thomas Chapman | |
| Order: | 5th |
| Office: | Premier of Tasmania |
| Term Start: | 2 August 1861 |
| Term End: | 20 January 1863 |
| Predecessor: | William Weston |
| Successor: | James Whyte |
| Office2: | President of the Tasmanian Legislative Council |
| Term Start2: | 11 July 1882 |
| Term End2: | 17 February 1884 |
| Predecessor2: | Frederick Innes |
| Successor2: | Walter Gellibrand |
| Birth Date: | 31 October 1815 |
| Birth Place: | Biggleswade, Bedfordshire, England, United Kingdom |
| Death Place: | New Town, Tasmania |
| Nationality: | British |
| Spouse: | Katherine Swan |
Thomas Daniel Chapman (31 October 1815[1] - 17 February 1884) was the Premier of Tasmania from 2 August 1861 until 20 January 1863. He served as a member of the Tasmanian Parliament for 26 years from August 1856 until his death in 1884.[2]
Chapman immigrated to Tasmania at around 1841 with his younger brother George (George returned to England after having married in Tasmania). He set up a business in Hobart and became a leading merchant during the early 1850s. He married Catherine Swan and had four daughters and five sons. Chapman was an advocate against the transportation of convicts to Van Diemens Land (Tasmania).
Chapman was first elected to the Tasmanian Legislative Council in 1851. When the Tasmanian House of Assembly was created in 1856 Chapman became a minister under Tasmania's first responsible government headed by William Champ. He was made Colonial Treasurer and upon taking the position realised that the estimated budget of the state was not £330,000 but only £250,000.[3] To fix the deficit Chapman proposed increasing taxes and reducing the wages of public servants, a proposal which reduced his popularity. After William Champ's ministry was defeated in 1857, his position as Treasurer was given to another member of parliament.
Chapman was in opposition during the Gregson, Weston and Smith ministries. Or from 1857 after Champ's resignation, until 1861.
Chapman became Premier after four years out of ministry, on 2 August 1861 he held office until 20 January 1863 a total of 18 months making him the second longest serving Premier after Francis Smith at the time. While Premier he also took up his old job of Colonial treasurer from November, 1862 until January, 1863.
Although his term as Premier ended he became Colonial Treasurer again in Richard Dry's ministry from 24 November 1866 until 1869. He also held the position in Wilson's ministry from 1869–1872. In 1873 he resigned from the House of Assembly to become a member of the Legislative Council. In August, 1873 he joined Alfred Kennerley's ministry holding the position of Colonial Secretary from 1873 until 1876. After this Chapman served in no more ministries but was President of the Tasmanian Legislative Council on 11 July 1882 until his death.
Chapman is noted as being a good public speaker and an excellent financier.
During his time in parliament; Chapman served in six electorates, in both chambers.