| Thomas Caldwell | |
| Birth Date: | 10 February 1894 |
| Birth Place: | Carluke, South Lanarkshire |
| Death Place: | Adelaide, Australia |
| Allegiance: |  United Kingdom |
| Rank: | Company Sergeant-Major |
| Unit: | Royal Scots Fusiliers |
| Battles: | World War I |
| Awards: | Victoria Cross |
Thomas Caldwell VC (10 February 1894 - 6 June 1969) was a Scottish recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces.
Caldwell was 24 years old, and a sergeant in the 12th (Ayr & Lanark Yeomanry) Battalion, the Royal Scots Fusiliers, British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC. The full citation was published in a supplement to the London Gazette of 3 January 1919 (dated 6 January 1919) and read:
He later achieved the rank of company sergeant-major.
His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Museum of The Royal Highland Fusiliers in Glasgow.