Third-party and independent candidates for the 2024 United States presidential election explained

Election Name:Third-party and independent candidates for the 2024 United States presidential election
Country:United States
Type:presidential
Ongoing:yes
Previous Election:Third-party and independent candidates for the 2020 United States presidential election
Previous Year:2020
Next Election:Third-party and independent candidates for the 2028 United States presidential election
Next Year:2028

This article lists third party and independent candidates, also jointly known as minor candidates, associated with the 2024 United States presidential election.

General election candidates

Candidates with majority ballot access

See also: Ballot access in the 2024 United States presidential election. The following general election candidates currently have ballot access to at least 270 electoral votes, the minimum number required to attain the presidency. Ballot access deadlines vary from state to state.

Candidates with partial ballot access

The following general election candidates will have ballot access to fewer than 270 electoral votes, the minimum number required to attain the presidency.

See also: Ballot access in the 2024 United States presidential election.

Presidential nomineeVice presidential nomineeCampaignStates with ballot access<-- data-sort-value should be "$.$" -->Ref.

Claudia De la Cruz
Activist from New York

Karina Garcia
Activist from California

Website
Campaign
FEC filing[9]
data-sort-value="145.011"[10] [11]

Randall Terry
Activist and perennial candidate from Tennessee

Stephen Broden
Pastor and political commentator from Texas

Website
Campaign
data-sort-value="132.000"[12] [13]

Cornel West
Academic and activist from California

Melina Abdullah
Academic and activist from California

Website
Campaign
FEC filing[14] [15] [16]
data-sort-value="128.011"[17]

Peter Sonski
Local politician from Connecticut

Lauren Onak
Teacher from Massachusetts

Website
Campaign
June 13, 2023
FEC filing[18]
data-sort-value="65.066"[19]

Rachele Fruit
Activist from Florida

Dennis Richter
Activist from Minnesota

March 4, 2024
data-sort-value="37.000"[20] [21]

Shiva Ayyadurai
Entrepreneur from Massachusetts
Crystal Ellis
2022 gubernatorial candidate from Nebraska

Website
September 4, 2023
FEC filing[22]
data-sort-value="28.000"

Joseph Kishore
Writer and Socialist Equality Party National Secretary

Jerry White
Perennial candidate and editor from New York
Website
February 27, 2024
data-sort-value="26.000"[23]

Richard Duncan
Mitch Buppdata-sort-value="17.004"

Joel Skousen
Survivalist and consultant from Utah

Rik Combs
Businessman from Missouri
Website
May 6, 2024
data-sort-value="16.000"

Krist Novoselić
James CarrollWebsitedata-sort-value="12.000"[24]
Blake HuberAndrea Denault
Website
March 16, 2024
data-sort-value="10.000"[25]

Chris Garrity
Cody Ballard
Website
June 2, 2023
FEC filing[26]
data-sort-value="7.004"
Michael Wood
John Pietrowski
Website
July 5, 2023
FEC filing[27]
data-sort-value="6.000"[28]

Lucifer “Justin Case” Everylove
TBAWebsitedata-sort-value="6.000" [29]

Jasmine Sherman

Tanda BluBear

Website
December 2, 2021
FEC filing[30]
data-sort-value="3.000"

Vermin Supreme

Jonathan Realz
Website
August 8, 2024
FEC filing[31]
data-sort-value="3.000" [32] [33]

Candidates without ballot access

Parties and candidates in this section have not attained ballot access in any states.

Notable parties:

Notable independents:

Nominating processes

Schedule

Third-party nomination schedule
Date Party nomination event
Prohibition Party presidential nominating convention
American Solidarity Party online primary
Unity Party of America nominating convention
Unity Party of Colorado nominating convention
Natural Law Party nominating convention
Constitution Party nominating convention
May 23, 2024
May 25, 2024Constitution Party of Oregon nominating Convention
Libertarian National Convention
May 30, 2024Approval Voting Party nominating convention
June 1, 2024Pirate National Convention
June 23, 2024Green Party of Alaska Nominating Meeting
August 3, 2024Constitution Party of Idaho Nominating Convention
Peace and Freedom Party state central committee meeting
Green National Convention

Libertarian Party

See main article: 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries. The Libertarian Party participated in multiple non-binding preference primaries in this election cycle. The party's presidential and vice presidential nominees were chosen directly by delegates at the 2024 Libertarian National Convention, held on Memorial Day weekend from May 24 to 26, 2024, in Washington, D.C.[46] [47]

Green Party

See main article: 2024 Green Party presidential primaries. The Green Party is holding a series of presidential primaries through which convention delegates will be awarded to candidates and will nominate the party's presidential ticket at the 2024 Green National Convention,[48] which is scheduled to take place as a virtual event from August 15 to 18, 2024.[49]

The individuals listed below are declared candidates who have filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission with intent to run under the Green Party and who meet one or more of the following criteria: a) meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines; b) have participated (or have been invited to participate) in at least two Green Party-sponsored debates or c) have received non-trivial media coverage as a candidate in this election cycle.

Constitution Party

See main article: 2024 Constitution Party presidential primaries. The Constitution Party held its presidential nominating convention on April 24–27, 2024, in Salt Lake City, Utah.[50] [51]

Eight candidates sought the nomination:[52]

Jim Harvey of Georgia (who ultimately did not seek the nomination), Joel Skousen, and Randall Terry participated in an April 6 debate in Dearborn, Michigan.[56] [57]

Terry won the nomination by securing a majority in the first round. The votes largely broke down along geographic lines. Skousen, who is from Utah, received all 61 votes from the delegations of the Four Corners states, but only 19 votes from the rest of the country combined. The only state delegations he carried outside of the region were New Hampshire and West Virginia. Venable won the majority of votes from South Carolina and his home state of Missouri and Daniel Cummings won a plurality in his home state of Wyoming. The remaining ten delegations were all won by Terry.[52]

Pastor and political commentator Stephen Broden, who was running on a ticket with Terry, received the vice-presidential nomination via voice vote.[58]

Aside from the presidential nomination, much of the debate at the convention focused on an ultimately defeated amendment by Skousen to remove references to God from the party platform.[59]

2024 Constitution Party Presidential Nomination Vote
CandidateVotesPercentage
Randall Terry 14454.55%
Joel Skousen8030.30%
Paul Venable3212.12%
Daniel Cummings41.52%
Brandon McIntyre20.76%
Samm Tittle20.76%
Louis C. Hook00.00%
Ben Stewart00.00%
Total:264100.00%
Source:[60]
Constitution Party vice presidential nomination
CandidateVotesPercentage
Stephen BrodenNominated via Voice Vote
Source:

The Constitution Party received 60,023 votes in the 2020 election.

The Nevada, Utah and Idaho state parties split from the national party and nominated Skousen.[61]

American Independent Party

The American Independent Party held a non-binding presidential preference primary in California on March 5, 2024. James Bradley was the only candidate listed on the ballot and defeated Andrew George Rummel, who was a recognized write-in candidate.[62] [63]

2024 California American Independent primary[64]
CandidateVotesPercentage
James Bradley45,56599.96%
Andrew George Rummel (write-in)160.04%
Total:45,581100.0%

On April 29, 2024, the party announced that it had nominated independent presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr.[65] [66]

Legal Marijuana Now Party

See main article: 2024 Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now presidential primary. The Legal Marijuana Now Party held its first-ever presidential nomination primary in Minnesota on Super Tuesday, March 5. This was the first presidential primary to be held in Minnesota for a third party since 1916.[67] Krystal Gabel withdrew from the race during Legal Marijuana Now Party's candidate filing discussions. When Gabel asked to be removed from the ballot, after early voting had started on January 19, 2024, the Minnesota Secretary of State's office stated that changes cannot be made to the list of candidates after the list was certified 63 days prior to the election, and Gabel's name remained on ballots.

Five candidates appeared on the ballot:

Of Minnesota's three major political parties, all of which included a write in option for their 2024 nominating primaries, only the Legal Marijuana Now party submitted to the Secretary of State a write in name to be counted, singer-songwriter Willie Nelson.[70]

2024 Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now primary
CandidateVotesPercentageDelegates
Krystal Gabel (withdrawn)75928.84%-
Dennis Schuller45917.44%7
Vermin Supreme39715.08%6
Rudy Reyes36513.87%5
Edward Forchion1686.38%2
Willie Nelson (write-in)190.72%0
Other write-ins46517.67%-
Total:2,632100.00%20
Source:[71]

Gabel won a plurality of the vote (28.8%), but withdrew ahead of the primary. Of declared candidates, Dennis Schuller finished in the lead, with 17.4%.[72] At the state convention in Bloomington on July 6, Schuller was later chosen as the presidential nominee, with Reyes as his running mate.[73] However, the party lost automatic ballot access in a May 2024 ruling by the Minnesota Supreme Court, meaning party officials would have to petition for ballot access.[74]

The party is also ballot-qualified in Nebraska, but no candidates qualified for the May 14 primary. Instead, the state affiliate party nominated Cornel West.[75]

Peace and Freedom Party

The Peace and Freedom Party held a non-binding preference primary in California on Super Tuesday, March 5. Claudia De la Cruz, the nominee of the Party for Socialism and Liberation, won the primary with a plurality, defeating Jasmine Sherman and Cornel West.[76] The party's presidential nominee, chosen by the state central committee in August, is Claudia De la Cruz.

2024 California Peace and Freedom primary[77]
CandidateVotesPercentage
Claudia De la Cruz6,43047.0%
Cornel West5,45539.9%
Jasmine Sherman1,79513.1%
Total:13,680100.0%

American Solidarity Party

The American Solidarity Party announced on June 2, 2023, that Peter Sonski had won their party's online primary, which lasted from May 24 to June 1. Sonski was nominated in the first round of ranked-choice voting with 52%. Sonski then selected Lauren Onak as his vice president, who was then officially nominated via unanimous consent.

American Solidarity Party presidential nomination
CandidateVotesPercentage
Peter Sonski32852.5%
Jacqueline Abernathy20733.1
Joe Schriner508.0
Larry Johnson243.8
Erskine Levi162.6
Total:625100.00%
Source:[78]
American Solidarity Party vice presidential nomination
CandidateVotesPercentage
Lauren OnakNominated via Unanimous Consent
Source:[79]

Approval Voting Party

The Approval Voting Party received 409 votes for president in 2020. It is currently only ballot-approved in Colorado.[80] On March 16, the party nominated Blake Huber for president and Andrea Denault for vice president.[81]

Green Mountain Peace and Justice

The Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party is a regional ballot-qualified party in Vermont which has regularly nominated candidates for president since 1972.[82] It nominated Gloria La Riva, the PSL nominee, in 2020. She received 166 votes in Vermont. On April 28, the party nominated independent candidate Cornel West for president.[83]

Natural Law Party

Michigan party

The Michigan Natural Law Party held its nominating convention on April 17, 2024, where it nominated independent candidate Robert F. Kennedy Jr. for President and Nicole Shanahan for Vice President. Party chairman Doug Dern claimed fellow independent candidate Cornel West also sought the party's ballot access.[84]

In 2020, the Michigan party nominated Alliance Party nominee Rocky De La Fuente, who received 2,986 votes in Michigan.

Florida party

The party is also presidential ballot-qualified in Florida. The Florida party did not nominate a candidate in the 2020 election.[85]

Prohibition Party

The Prohibition Party held its presidential nominating convention on May 8–9, 2023, in Buffalo, New York. Three candidates stood for nomination; Michael Wood was nominated on the first ballot.[86]

Prohibition Party presidential nomination
CandidateVotesPercentage
Michael Wood861.5%
Zack Kusnir430.8%
Scott Baier00.0%
Jay Rockefeller (write-in)17.7%
Total:13100.00%
Source:[87]
Prohibition Party vice presidential nomination
CandidateVotesPercentage
John PetrowskiNominated via Unanimous Consent
Source:

Unity Party

The Bill Hammons-led faction of the Unity Party of America nominated Paul Noel Fiorino and Matthew May for president and vice president respectively at the 7th United National Convention over Google Meet on April 6, 2024.[88]

However, the Colorado faction of the party, which has the party's ballot access, met on April 13, 2024, and nominated independent candidate Cornel West for president and his running mate, Melina Abdullah for vice president.[89] [90]

Unity Party of Colorado Presidential Nomination
CandidatePercentage
Cornel West95%
Paul Noel Fiorino5%
Total:100.00%
Source:

Withdrew before convention:

  • Bill Hammons, co-founder and chairman of the Unity Party; nominee for president in 2020[91]
  • Donnie Harold Harris, business owner and write-in candidate for governor of Indiana in 2012[91]

The party is currently only ballot-approved in Colorado.[80] In 2020, party co-founder Bill Hammons was on the ballot in three states and received 6,647 votes.[92]

Alliance Party

The Alliance Party received 88,236 votes for president in 2020.[92] It and its affiliates are ballot-qualified in Alaska, Connecticut, and South Carolina.[93] [94] [95]

Green Party of Alaska

The Green Party of Alaska, which is unaffiliated with the Green Party of the United States is ballot-qualified in Alaska. The party nominated Jesse Ventura for president in 2020 and received 2,673 votes.[96]

Jasmine Sherman and Tanda BluBear were nominated as president and vice president, respectively.[97]

The party has hosted a series of debates featuring the following candidates seeking the nomination:[98]

Liberal Party

The Liberal Party, formerly the Association of State Liberty Parties, has qualified state parties in Massachusetts and New Mexico which were, until 2022, affiliated with the national Libertarian Party.[111] [112] These parties received a combined 59,598 votes in the 2 states.

Potential candidates

Declined to be candidates

No Labels

See main article: article. The following individuals have declined to be candidates for the No Labels unity ticket. On April 4, 2024, the organization announced it would not run a presidential campaign.[114]

Third party

The following notable individuals have been the subject of speculation about their possible candidacies, but have publicly denied interest in running.

Debates and forums

2024 Free & Equal debates
Date & Time Location Participants
 Participant ·  Absent invitee
 Invitee ·  Not invited
Not yet declared.
Other
Kamala HarrisDonald TrumpRobert F. Kennedy Jr.Chase OliverJill SteinClaudia De la CruzCornel WestRandall TerrySee note
1February 29, 2024New York City
2July 12, 2024Las Vegas
3September 2024TBD

February 29 debate (New York City)

The Free & Equal Elections Foundation hosted a multiparty debate on February 29, 2024, in New York City, New York moderated by Caitlin Sinclair, Jason Palmer and Christina Tobin. Socialism and Liberation nominee Claudia De la Cruz, Libertarian candidates Chase Oliver and Lars Mapstead, and Green candidates Jill Stein and Jasmine Sherman attended. Independent candidates Robert F. Kennedy Jr. and Cornel West were also invited but did not attend.[153] [154]

2nd Free and Equal Presidential debate
Duration: 1 hour and 50 minutes
Date:July 12, 2024
Location:Las Vegas, Nevada
Participants:Chase Oliver
Jill Stein
Randall Terry
Moderator:Christina Tobin and Thomas Massie
Footage:https://www.youtube.com/live/WGlkAKA-y90?si=4SHkVrzj-aqaxDjw&amp;#124;1

July 12 debate (Las Vegas)

Free and Equal hosted a second debate on July 12, 2024, at FreedomFest in Las Vegas, Nevada moderated by the foundation's chair, Christina Tobin and congressman Thomas Massie.[155] [156]

Candidates invited to the debate were: Biden, Kennedy, Oliver, Stein, Terry, Trump, and West.[155]

Oliver, Stein, and Terry participated.[155]

September debate

The Free and Equal Foundation plans to host a third debate in September 2024.[157] On August 5, the organization tweeted that Harris, Trump, and Kennedy would all be included in the invitees.[158]

Forums

The Muslim Civic Coalition hosted a forum featuring Jill Stein and Cornel West on February 3 in Oak Brook, Illinois. The organization claimed all presidential candidates were invited to attend.

The Abandon Biden movement held an online forum on June 13 featuring Jill Stein,[159] Cornel West,[160] and Claudia de la Cruz[161] focused on promoting "pro-Palestine" candidates for President.[162] [163]

Ballot access

See main article: Ballot access in the 2024 United States presidential election.

Polling

See main article: Nationwide opinion polling for the 2024 United States presidential election and Statewide opinion polling for the 2024 United States presidential election.

Aggregate polls

This table will only include polling aggregates that tracks at least one third-party candidate.

Poll sourceSinceAs ofKamala
Harris

Donald
Trump

Robert F.
Kennedy Jr

Jill
Stein

Cornel
West
Margin
538July 24, 2024August 9, 202445.5%43.4%5.1%Harris +2.0%
RCPJuly 22, 2024August 9, 202445.3%44.5%5.5%0.9%0.6%Harris +0.8%
TH/DDHQJuly 7, 2024August 9, 202446.7%43.5% 3.4% Harris +3.2%
SBJuly 1, 2024August 9, 202446.3%43.9%4.1%Harris +2.4%
RTTWHJuly 8, 2024August 9, 202445.7%43.5%5.4%0.8% 0.5% Harris +2.2%
NYTJuly 17, 2024August 9, 202445%43%5%Harris +2%

Individual polls

Hypothetical polling with third-party and independent candidates
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Kamala
Harris
Donald
Trump
Cornel
West
Robert F.
Kennedy Jr
Jill
Stein
Chase
Oliver
OtherUndecidedMargin
RMG Research/Napolitan InstituteAugust 5–7, 20242000 (RV)47%46%2%2%3%Harris +1%
IpsosAugust 2–7, 20241342 (RV)42%37%4%6%10%Harris +5%
YouGov/The EconomistAugust 4–6, 20241413 (LV)45%43%0%2%1%3%6%Harris +2%
ActiVoteJuly 30 – August 6, 20241000 (LV)45.0%44.4%10.5%Harris +0.6%
NPR/PBS/MaristAugust 1–4, 20241309 (LV)49%45%0%5%0%0%1%Harris +4%
TIPP Insights/Issues & InsightsJuly 31 – August 2, 20241326 (RV)44%42%1%7%1%1%4%Harris +2%
YouGov/CBS NewsJuly 30 – August 2, 20243092 (LV)49%47%0%2%0%0%2%Harris +2%
YouGov/University of MassachusettsJuly 29 – August 1, 20241000 (RV)46%43%6%5%Harris +3%
RMG ResearchJuly 29–31, 20243000 (RV)47%42%6%5%Harris +5%
YouGov/The EconomistJuly 27–30, 20241434 (RV)46%44%0%5%0%2%5%Harris +2%
Redfield & Wilton StrategiesJuly 29, 20241750 (LV)45%43%5%4%Harris +2%
American Pulse ResearchJuly 26–29, 20241035 (LV)46%47%1%3%1%0%1%2%Trump +1%
ActiVoteJuly 24–29, 20241000 (LV)44%46%10%Trump +2%
McLaughlin & AssociatesJuly 23–29, 20241000 (LV)41%42%1%8%1%1%7%Trump +1%
Big Data/Public Polling ProjectJuly 26–28, 20242919 (LV)44%45%2%7%1%2%Trump +1%
LegerJuly 26–28, 2024786 (RV)48%41%1%5%1%3%Harris +7%
Harvard/HarrisXJuly 26–28, 20242196 (RV)43%47%1%8%1%Trump +4%
Ipsos/With HonorJuly 24–25, 20241238 (A)38%38%4%12%9%Even
Redfield and WiltonJuly 23–25, 20241750 (LV)45%43%5%1%4%Harris +2%
Mainstreet Research/FAUJuly 26–27, 2024936 (LV)44%43%8%1%3%Harris +1%
Atlas IntelJuly 23–25, 20241980 (RV)46%48%0%5%2%Trump +2%
Fabrizio Lee & Associates/GBAO/The Wall Street JournalJuly 23–25, 20241000 (RV)45%44%1%4%1%0%5%Harris +1%
HarrisX/ForbesJuly 22–25, 20242472 (LV)45%46%1%8%1%6%Trump +1%
New York Times/SienaJuly 22–24, 20241142 (LV)44%43%0%5%1%1%
(I wouldn't vote)
5%Harris +1%
The 19th/Survey MonkeyJuly 22–24, 20245265 (A)38%39%1%6%1%2%
(Refused)
14%Trump +1%
Big VillageJuly 22–24, 20241492 (LV)43%44%1%6%1%1%
(I wouldn't vote)
4%Trump +1%
Reuters/IpsosJuly 22–23, 20241018 (RV)42%38%8%5%
(I wouldn't vote)
6%Harris +4%
The Times/SAY/YouGovJuly 22–23, 20241155 (LV)44%46%0%4%1%1%
(I would not vote)
3%Trump +2%
NPR/PBS/MaristJuly 22, 2024846 (LV)45%43%1%7%0%0%3%Harris +2%
The Economist/YouGovJuly 21–23, 20241435 (RV)41%44%1%5%1%3%5%Trump +3%
Yahoo!/YouGovJuly 19–22, 20241178 (RV)41%43%1%5%1%1%1%6%Trump +2%
On Points Politics/SoCal ResearchJuly 21, 2024800 (RV)37%43%9%3%4%4%Trump +6%
Quinnipiac July 19–21, 20241257 (RV)41%45%1%6%2%1%2%1%Trump +4%
Mainstreet Research/FAUJuly 19–21, 2024711 (LV)39%45%9%3%3%Trump +6%
The Economist/YouGovJuly 13–16, 20241398 (RV)39%44%1%5%2%3%7%Trump +5%
Big VillageJuly 12–14, 20241499 (LV)37.3%41.6%1.8%9.2%2.1%0.9%
(I would not vote)
7.0%Trump +4.3%
Redfield & WiltonJuly 8, 20241500 (RV)37%44%8%1%3%6%Trump +7%
Manhattan InstituteJuly 7–13, 20242100 (LV)36%44%1%6%1%8%5%Trump +8%
The Economist/YouGovJuly 7–9, 20241440 (RV)38%42%1%5%2%6%7%Trump +5%
Hypothetical polling with third-party and independent candidates
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Joe
Biden
Donald
Trump
Nikki
Haley
Cornel
West
Robert F.
Kennedy Jr
Joe
Manchin
Jill
Stein
OtherUndecidedMargin
July 21, 2024Joe Biden ends his re-election campaign
Reuters/IpsosJuly 16, 2024992 (RV)39%40%11%6%4%Trump +1%
Emerson College/Democrats for the Next GenerationJuly 15–16, 20242000 (RV)37.8%43.8%0.7%6.6%0.7%0.4%
(Chase Oliver)
10.0%Trump +6.0%
The Economist/YouGovJuly 13–16, 20241398 (RV)41%43%1%4%1%3%7%Trump +2%
Redfield & WiltonJuly 15, 20243500 (RV)42%43%6%2%6%Trump +1%
Harris XJuly 13–15, 20241918 (RV)37%41%2%12%1%7%Trump +4%
ActiVoteJuly 7–15, 20241000 (LV)41.4%43.4%15.1%Trump +2.0%
Big VillageJuly 12–14, 20241499 (LV)40.9%40.8%0.9%8.5%1.2%0.5%
(I would not vote)
7.0%Biden +0.1%
July 13, 2024Thomas Matthew Crooks attempts to assassinate Donald Trump
Manhattan InstituteJuly 7–13, 20242100 (LV)40%44%1%5%1%5%5%Trump +4%
The Center Square/Noble PredictiveJuly 8–11, 20242300 (LV)40%43%1%7%1%7%Trump +3%
NPR/PBS/MaristJuly 9–10, 2024954 (LV)45%45%2%6%1%1%Even
Fox NewsJuly 7–10, 20241210 (RV)41%44%1%10%3%2%Trump +3%
The Economist/YouGovJuly 7–9, 20241440 (RV)40%43%1%4%1%3%8%Trump +3%
NBC NewsJuly 7–9, 2024800 (RV)37%40%1%10%3%5%4%Trump +3%
ABC News/Washington Post/IpsosJuly 5−9, 20242041 (RV)42%43%2%10%2%3%Trump +1%
Redfield & WiltonJuly 8, 20241500 (RV)42%43%6%2%6%Trump +1%
Emerson CollegeJuly 7–8, 20241370 (RV)39.9%43.7%1.2%6.1%0.8%8.4%Trump +3.8%
Pew ResearchJuly 1–7, 20247729 (RV)40%44%15%2%Trump +4%
Lord AshcroftJune 28 – July 7, 20244347 (RV)44%42%1%10%1%3%Biden +2%
Data For Progress/Split TicketJuly 1–3, 20242067 (LV)40%41%1%10%1%1%
(Chase Oliver)
6%Trump +1%
J.L. Partners/Daily MailJuly 1–3, 20241000 (LV)37%43%2%7%2%2%
(Chase Oliver)
7%Trump +6%
CygnalJuly 1–2, 20241500 (LV)38.1%43.5%2.1%7.1%2.0%7.2%Trump +5.4%
The Economist/YouGovJune 30 – July 2, 20241386 (RV)40%42%1%5%1%3%8%Trump +2%
GBAO/WSJ/Fabrizio LeeJune 29 – July 2, 20241500 (RV)36%42%2%7%2%1%
(Chase Oliver)
11%Trump +6%
CBS News/YouGovJune 28 – July 2, 20242815 (LV)40%44%2%11%3%0%0%Trump +4%
NY Times/SienaJune 28 – July 2, 20241532 (LV)37%42%<0.5%8%2%3%6%Trump +5%
Florida Atlantic/Mainstreet ResearchJune 29–30, 2024869 (LV)39%42%10%4%5%Trump +3%
HarrisX/ForbesJune 28–30, 20241192 (LV)38%43%14%4%Trump +5%
CNN/SSRSJune 28–30, 20241045 (RV)35%41%2%14%3%4%Trump +6%
Suffolk University/USA TodayJune 28–30, 20241000 (RV)38%41%1%8%1%2%8%Trump +3%
Harvard/HarrisJune 28–30, 20242090 (RV)35%43%2%10%1%9%Trump +8%
Big VillageJune 28–30, 2024723 (LV)41.2%41.6%0.9%8.7%1.2%
(I would not vote)
6.5%Trump +0.4%
Patriot PollingJune 27–29, 20241029 (RV)40.5%44.3%11.2%4.0%Trump +3.8%
On Point Politics/SoCal ResearchJune 27, 2024600 (RV)35%41%2%8%2%1%
(Chase Oliver)
10%Trump +6%
June 27, 2024First presidential debate between Trump and Biden is held
Atlas/CNN BrazilJune 26–28, 20241634 (RV)40.3%45.5%0.7%10.3%0.5%0.8%
(Won't vote)
2.0%Trump +5.2%
I&I/TippJune 26–28, 20241244 (RV)40%39%2%10%1%2%5%Biden +1%
Lord AshcroftMay 31 – June 274067 (RV)42%41%1%10%1%4%Biden +1%
The Economist/YouGovJune 23–25, 20241403 (RV)42%42%0%4%1%2%8%Even
NY Times/SienaJune 20–25, 20241226 (LV)37%40%<0.5%7%2%3%9%Trump +3%
Leger/New York PostJune 22–24, 2024873 (LV)38%38%2%7%2%13%Even
QuinnipiacJune 20–24, 20241405 (RV)37%43%2%11%2%3%2%Trump +6%
America's New Majority/McLaughlinJune 20–24, 20242000 (RV)38.8%40.3%1.6%8.3%1.0%0.5%
(Chase Oliver)
9.5%Trump +1.5%
McLaughlin & AssociatesJune 18–24, 20241000 (LV)37%39%2%10%2%1.0%
(Chase Oliver)
9%Trump +2%
George Washington UniversityJune 11–24, 20242750 (RV)44.3%41.9%0.8%4.6%1.0%2.4%4.9%
ActiVoteJune 5–21, 20242192 (LV)42.1%43.7%14.2%Trump +1.6%
The Economist/YouGovJune 16–18, 20241392 (RV)42%42%1%4%1%3%8%Even
Redfield & WiltonJune 16–17, 20241500 (RV)41%41%7%2%8%Even
Fox NewsJune 14–17, 20241095 (RV)43%42%2%10%2%1%Biden +1%
Ipsos/ReutersJune 12, 2024930 (RV)37%38%10%6%
(I wouldn't vote)
10%Trump +1%
Redfield & WiltonJune 11–12, 20241500 (RV)41%40%7%7%3%Biden +1%
NPR/PBS/MaristJune 10–12, 2024963 (LV)43%44%2%9%1%0%
(Chase Oliver)
1%Trump +1%
Echelon InsightsJune 10–12, 20241013 (LV)42%43%2%7%2%3%Trump +1%
The Economist/YouGovJune 9–11, 20241398 (RV)40%42%1%3%1%3%9%Trump +2%
SSRS/VanderbiltJune 7–10, 20241031 (A)30%33%10%16%12%Trump +3%
Big VillageJune 7–9, 20241423 (LV)42.5%42.2%1.4%7.4%0.8%
(I would not vote)
5.7%Biden +0.3%
CygnalJune 4–6, 20241500 (LV)38.4%41.2%2.3%8.4%1.8%7.9%Trump +2.8%
Emerson CollegeJune 4–5, 20241000 (RV)38%44%1%6%1%9%Trump +6%
The Economist/YouGovJune 2–4, 20241565 (RV)42%42%1%3%1%2%8%Even
ActiVoteMay 23 – June 4, 20241775 (LV)41.6%45.4%13.1%Trump +3.8%
Ipsos/ReutersMay 30–31, 20242135 (RV)39%37%10%5%
(I wouldn't vote)
8%Biden +2%
HarrisX/ForbesMay 30–31, 20241006 (RV)38%40%1%11%1%8%Trump +2%
I&I/TippMay 29–31, 20241675 (RV)38%38%1%10%2%2%9%Even
Lord AshcroftMay 17–30, 20248153 (RV)44%40%1%10%1%3%Biden +1%
The Economist/YouGovMay 25–28, 20241546 (RV)40%41%1%4%1%3%10%Trump +1%
McLaughlin & Associates/Lawrence KadishMay 21–23, 20241000 (LV)38%42%2%9%2%1%
(Lars Mapstead)
6%Trump +4%
NPR/PBS/MaristMay 21–23, 2024907 (LV)43%46%2%5%2%2%Trump +3%
Emerson CollegeMay 21–23, 20241100 (RV)39%44%1%6%1%10%Trump +5%
The Economist/YouGovMay 19–21, 20241558 (RV)40%41%1%5%1%4%10%Trump +1%
Independent CenterMay 16–21, 20241000 (RV)39%42%13%6%Trump +3%
ActiVoteMay 6–21, 20241153 (LV)42.1%44.9%13%Trump +2.8%
QuinnipiacMay 16–20, 20241374 (RV)41%38%2%14%2%2%2%Biden +3%
Harvard/Harris XMay 15–16, 20241660 (RV)39%43%12%5%Trump +4%
CygnalMay 14–16, 20241500 (LV)37.7%40.8%2.3%8.8%2.4%8.0%Trump +3.1%
Echelon InsightsMay 13–16, 20241023 (LV)38%43%1%9%3%6%Trump +5%
McLaughlin & AssociatesMay 9–15, 20241000 (LV)36%38%3%11%2%1%
(Lars Mapstead)
9%Trump +2%
Marquette LawMay 6–15, 2024624 (LV)41%44%2%11%2%Trump +3%
America's New Majority/McLaughlin & AssociatesMay 10–14, 20242000 (RV)37.6%39.3%1.9%8.9%1.4%0.6%
(Lars Mapstead)
10.3%Trump +1.8%
Redfield & WiltonMay 13, 20241155 (LV)43%42%5%6%Biden +1%
IpsosMay 7–13, 20241730 (RV)37%35%5%7%17%Biden +2%
RMG ResearchMay 6–9, 20242000 (RV)42%39%11%3%6%Biden +3%
Big VillageMay 3–8, 20242867 (LV)41.9%40.6%1.2%8.8%0.6%
(I would not vote)
6.9%Biden +1.3%
I&I/TippMay 1–3, 20241264 (RV)39%38%1%12%1%2%7%Biden +1%
Redfield & WiltonMay 1, 20241133 (LV)41%43%7%5%Trump +2%
Suffolk University/USA TodayApril 30 – May 3, 20241000 (RV)36.7%37.1%1.6%8.0%1.2%3.3%12.1%Trump +0.4%
Reuters/IpsosApril 29–30, 2024856 (RV)39%38%8%6%
(I wouldn't vote)
9%Biden +1%
ActiVoteApril 13–30, 20241025 (LV)41.2%44.4%14.4%Trump +3.2%
Florida Atlantic/Mainstreet ResearchApril 26–28, 2024851 (LV)43.7%39.5%11.0%2.5%3.4%Biden +4.2%
Harvard/Harris XApril 24–25, 20241961 (RV)37%44%1%10%1%6%Trump +7%
NPR/PBS/MaristApril 22–25, 20241199 (RV)42%42%2%11%2%2%Even
CNN/SSRSApril 18–23, 2024967 (RV)33%42%4%16%3%2%1%Trump +9%
QuinnipiacApril 18–22, 20241429 (RV)37%37%3%16%3%2%2%Even
Marist CollegeApril 16–18, 20241047 (RV)43%38%2%14%2%1%Biden +5%
Emerson CollegeApril 16–17, 20241308 (RV)39.9%43.5%1.0%7.6%0.4%7.6%Trump +3.6%
NBC NewsApril 12–16, 20241000 (RV)39%37%2%13%3%1%
Would not vote
3%Biden +2%
McLaughlin & AssociatesApril 10–16, 20241000 (LV)36%38%2%10%2%2%
(Lars Mapstead)
9%Trump +2%
Echelon InsightsApril 12–14, 20241020 (LV)41%40%2%11%2%4%Biden +1%
ActiVoteMarch 24 – April 10, 20241083 (LV)40.7%44.0%15.3%Trump +3.3%
Redfield & WiltonApril 6–7, 20244000 (RV)41%41%9%6%Even
I&I/TippApril 3–5, 20241265 (RV)38%38%2%11%1%2%9%Even
Emerson CollegeApril 2–3, 20241438 (RV)42.0%43.2%0.7%7.8%0.5%5.8%Trump +1.2%
Big VillageMarch 29–31, 20241425 (LV)41.9%39.7%1.8%7.8%0.6%
(I would not vote)
8.1%Biden +2.2%
TrafalgarMarch 29–31, 20241092 (LV)39.8%43.1%1.7%11.4%0.8%3.1%Trump +3.3%
Data For ProgressMarch 27–29, 20241200 (LV)41%42%1%8%1%6%Trump +1%
NPR/PBS/MaristMarch 25–28, 20241199 (RV)43%41%1%11%2%1%Biden +2%
Marquette LawMarch 18–28, 2024614 (LV)41%41%4%13%2%Even
HarrisX/ForbesMarch 25, 20241010 (RV)37%40%1%12%1%8%Trump +3%
Fox NewsMarch 22–25, 20241094 (RV)38%43%2%12%2%1%
(Wouldn't vote)
2%Trump +5%
QuinnipiacMarch 21–25, 20241407 (RV)38%39%3%13%4%1%
(Refused)
2%Trump +1%
Daily Mail/J.L. PartnersMarch 20–24, 20241000 (LV)39%43%2%7%1%8%Trump +4%
Echelon InsightsMarch 18–21, 20241006 (LV)40%43%1%10%2%4%Trump +3%
Harvard/Harris XMarch 20–21, 20242111 (RV)36%41%1%14%2%6%Trump +5%
McLaughlin & AssociatesMarch 9–14, 20241000 (LV)34%38%2%12%2%2%9%Trump +4%
Big VillageMarch 8–13, 20241518 (LV)39.5%40.9%1.8%8.5%1.0%
(Would not vote)
8.2%Trump +1.4%
Reuters/IpsosMarch 7–13, 20244094 (A)31%32%16%10%
(I wouldn't vote)
11%Trump +1%
Suffolk University/USA TodayMarch 8–11, 20241000 (RV)38%40%2%9%2%
(No Labels candidate)
2%1%
(Libertarian candidate)
5%Trump +2%
HarrisXMarch 8–10, 20242017 (RV)35%41%1%12%1%10%Trump +6%
Emerson CollegeMarch 5–6, 20241350 (RV)41.5%43.2%1.6%6.0%0.5%7.2%Trump +1.7%
Redfield & WiltonMarch 2, 20241500 (LV)39%43%9%7%Trump +4%
I&I/TippFebruary 28 – March 1, 20241246 (RV)38%38%2%9%1%3%9%Even
G Squared Public Strategies/Third WayFebruary 27 – March 1, 20242000 (LV)36%36%8%13%7%Even
Fox NewsFebruary 25–28, 20241262 (RV)38%41%3%13%2%<1%2%Trump +3%
Fox NewsFebruary 25–28, 20241262 (RV)35%28%5%24%2%3%2%Biden +7%
HarrisXFebruary 24–28, 20243021 (RV)36%40%2%11%1%10%Trump +4%
GBAO/WSJ/Fabrizio LeeFebruary 21–28, 20241745 (RV)35%40%2%9%1%1%
(Lars Mapstead)
12%Trump +5%
HarrisXFebruary 20–23, 20243010 (RV)40%42%2%12%1%11%Trump +2%
Harvard/HarrisXFebruary 21–22, 20242022 (RV)33%42%1%14%1%8%Trump +9%
QuinnipiacFebruary 15–19, 20241421 (RV)38%37%3%15%3%1%
(Wouldn't vote)
2%Biden +1%
QuinnipiacFebruary 15–19, 20241421 (RV)35%27%5%24%3%4%2%Biden +8%
February 16, 2024Manchin announces he won't run for president
Emerson CollegeFebruary 13–14, 20241225 (RV)37.9%40.2%1.4%6.7%1.3%12.5%Trump +2.3%
Echelon InsightsFebruary 12–14, 20241015 (LV)37%42%2%8%2%2%6%Trump +5%
Redfield & WiltonFebruary 10, 2024??? (LV)41%42%8%3%6%Trump +1%
Marquette LawFebruary 5–15, 2024628 (LV)40%43%1%14%1%<1%Trump +3%
Atlas IntelFebruary 2–7, 20241637 (RV)42.3%43.9%0.1%5.2%5.2%4.7%Trump +1.6%
Atlas IntelFebruary 2–7, 20241637 (RV)41%23%0.5%11.4%13.9%10.2%Biden +18%
Atlas IntelFebruary 2–7, 20241637 (RV)41.6%
(Michelle Obama)
39%0%5.1%4%10.3%Obama +2.6%
Survey USAJanuary 31 – February 2, 20241500 (RV)40%45%13%3%Trump +5%
Survey USAJanuary 31 – February 2, 20241500 (RV)36%43%11%9%2%Trump +7%
Survey USAJanuary 31 – February 2, 20241500 (RV)36%41%10%1%10%2%Trump +5%
I&I/TippJanuary 31 – February 2, 20241266 (RV)34%40%2%8%1%3%3%10%Trump +6%
YouGov/UMassJanuary 25–30, 2024989 (LV)39%43%9%4%4%Trump +4%
McLaughlin & AssociatesJanuary 25–31, 20241000 (LV)34%39%2%9%2%2%12%Trump +5%
Emerson CollegeJanuary 26–29, 20241260 (RV)36.9%41.7%11.8%9.6%Trump +4.8%
Emerson CollegeJanuary 26–29, 20241260 (RV)39.2%41.4%0.8%4.9%0.8%13%Trump +2.2%
QuinnipiacJanuary 25–29, 20241650 (RV)39%37%3%14%2%2%3%Biden +2%
QuinnipiacJanuary 25–29, 20241650 (RV)36%29%3%21%2%5%3%Biden +7%
Reuters/IpsosJanuary 22–24, 20241250 (RV)30%36%8%12%13%Trump +6%
Harvard/HarrisXJanuary 17–18, 20242346 (RV)31%42%2%15%2%8%Trump +11%
Echelon InsightsJanuary 16–18, 20241029 (LV)35%41%2%11%2%3%6%Trump +6%
Messenger/Harris XJanuary 16–17, 20241045 (RV)37%40%2%11%1%9%Trump +3%
CygnalJanuary 11–12, 20242000 (LV)41.4%41.5%10.2%6.9%Trump +.1%
Reuters/IpsosJanuary 3–9, 20244677 (A)29%30%18%11%
(I wouldn't vote)
13%Trump +1%
I&I/TippJanuary 3–5, 20241247 (RV)34%37%2%8%1%1%5%11%Trump +3%
Hypothetical polling with third-party and independent candidates
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Joe
Biden
Donald
Trump
Cornel
West
Robert F.
Kennedy Jr
Joe
Manchin
Jill
Stein
OtherUndecidedMargin
USA Today/Suffolk UniversityDecember 26–29, 20231000 (LV)33.9%37.2%2.4%9.5%1.3%3.9%11.1%Trump +3.3%
Daily Mail/J.L. PartnersDecember 15–20, 2023984 (LV)36%40%1%4%0%8%10%Trump +4%
McLaughlin & AssociatesDecember 13–19, 20231000 (LV)34%36%2%10%3%2%13%Trump +2%
QuinnipiacDecember 14–18, 20231647 (RV)36%38%3%16%3%2%3%Trump +2%
Echelon InsightsDecember 12–16, 20231012 (LV)36%41%1%9%1%4%
(Mark Cuban)
8%Trump +5%
Harvard/HarrisDecember 13–14, 20232034 (RV)33%41%2%15%2%7%Trump +8%
Fox NewsDecember 10–13, 20231007 (RV)37%41%2%14%3%2%2%Trump +4%
Redfield & WiltonDecember 8, 20231135 (LV)38%43%9%3%7%Trump +5%
RasmussenDecember 6–10, 2023892 (LV)32%40%16%6%6%Trump +8%
Reuters/IpsosDecember 5–11, 20234411 (A)31%36%16%7%
(I wouldn't vote)
10%Trump +5%
CygnalDecember 5–7, 20232000 (LV)41.9%42.7%9.3%6.1%Trump +0.8%
CygnalDecember 5–7, 20232000 (LV)41.3%41.0%8.0%3.3%6.4%Biden +0.3%
Emerson CollegeDecember 4–6, 20231000 (RV)36.7%43.4%0.7%6.5%1.1%11.5%Trump +6.7%
CNN/SSRSNovember 29 – December 6, 20231197 (RV)31%39%6%20%2%2%Trump +8.0%
Wall Street JournalNovember 29 – December 4, 20231500 (RV)31%37%3%8%3%2%1%
(Lars Mapstead)
14%Trump +6.0%
Big VillageNovember 27 – December 3, 20232219 (LV)36.3%41.8%2.8%11.7%1.4%
(I would not vote)
5.9%Trump +5.5%
I&I/TippNovember 29 – December 1, 20231301 (RV)33%38%2%11%2%4%10%Trump +5.0%
Messenger/HarrisXNovember 22–28, 20234003 (RV)33%41%2%13%11%Trump +8.0%
Emerson CollegeNovember 17–20, 20231475 (RV)36%42%1%7%1%13%Trump +6.0%
McLaughlin & AssociatesNovember 16–20, 20231000 (LV)32%36%4%12%3%2%12%Trump +4.0%
Messenger/HarrisXNovember 15–19, 20233017 (RV)33%40%2%14%11%Trump +7.0%
Harvard/HarrisXNovember 15–16, 20232851 (RV)33%41%2%16%2%6%Trump +8.0%
Reuters/IpsosNovember 13–14, 20231006 (A)30%32%20%8%
(I wouldn't vote)
10%Trump +2.0%
Fox NewsNovember 10–13, 20231001 (RV)35%40%13%5%4%2%Trump +5.0%
Fox NewsNovember 10–13, 20231001 (RV)35%41%3%15%3%2%2%Trump +6.0%
QuinnipiacNovember 9–13, 20231574 (RV)35%38%3%17%3%1%
(Wouldn't vote)
2%Trump +3.0%
November 9, 2023Stein declares her Green Party candidacy
RasmussenNovember 8–12, 2023987 (LV)39%38%12%11%Biden +1.0%
Democracy CorpsNovember 5–11, 2023500 (RV)37%45%0%9%3%
(Manchin-Hogan)
5%Trump +8.0%
Big VillageOctober 30 – November 5, 20231497 (LV)37.1%40.1%1.7%12.4%1.4%7.3%Trump +3%
New York Times/SienaOctober 22 – November 3, 20233662 (LV)34%36%22%1%5%Trump +2%
I&I/TIPPNovember 1–3, 20231242 (RV)39%37%2%9%4%8%Biden +2%
CNN/SSRSOctober 27 – November 2, 20231271 (RV)35%41%4%16%2%1%Trump +6%
CygnalOctober 30 – November 1, 20232000 (LV)40.4%39.4%11.9%8.2%Biden +1%
HarrisX/The MessengerOctober 30 – November 1, 20232021 (RV)36%41%2%11%10%Trump +5%
American PulseOctober 27–30, 2023568 (LV)38.9%39.3%11.3%2.6%7.9%Trump +.4%
QuinnipiacOctober 26–30, 20231610 (RV)36%35%6%19%2%2%Biden +1%
Redfield & WiltonOctober 29, 20231183 (LV)38%40%10%3%10%Trump +2%
Echelon InsightsOctober 23–26, 20231029 (LV)35%38%1%12%8%
(No Labels party candidate)
7%Trump +3%
McLaughlin & AssociatesOctober 22–26, 20231000 (LV)35%38%2%12%13%Trump +3%
Abacus DataOctober 24–25, 20231500 (RV)39%39%8%5%10%Even
SP&ROctober 17–23, 20231000 (A)47%40%6%3%4%Biden +7%
HarrisX/The MessengerOctober 16–23, 20233029 (RV)35%38%2%12%12%Trump +3%
USA Today/SuffolkOctober 17–20, 20231000 (RV)37%36%4%13%8%Biden +1%
Harvard/HarrisXOctober 18–19, 20232116 (RV)31%39%3%18%9%Trump +8%
LPTADOctober 16–19, 20231000 (LV)35%35%3%13%12%Even
YouGov/YahooOctober 12–16, 20231122 (RV)40%39%9%2%9%Biden +1%
Zogby AnalyticsOctober 13–15, 2023869 (LV)41.2%42.6%3.7%12.5%Trump +1.4%
MNAOctober 11–17, 20233318 (LV)36.9%37.9%14.2%8.6%2.4%Trump +1%
NPR/PBS/MaristOctober 10–11, 20231218 (RV)44%37%16%3%Biden +7%
October 9, 2023Kennedy declares his Independent candidacy
Fox NewsOctober 6–9, 20231007 (RV)41%41%16%2%1%Even
Fox NewsOctober 6–9, 20231007 (RV)43%45%9%2%2%Trump +2%
CygnalOctober 3–5, 20233000 (LV)38.8%39.6%12.3%9.3%Trump +0.8%
Reuters/IpsosOctober 3–4, 20231005 (A)31%33%14%9%13%Trump +2%
Echelon InsightsSeptember 25–28, 20231011 (LV)36%40%14%10%Trump +4%
John Zogby StrategiesSeptember 23–24, 20231008 (LV)38%38%19%5%Even
Mclaughlin & AssociatesSeptember 22–26, 20231000 (LV)36%40%4%6%14%Trump +4%
Mclaughlin & AssociatesSeptember 22–26, 20231000 (LV)38%43%6%13%Trump +5%
GravisSeptember 19–20, 20231262 (LV)40%41%2%4%
(Lars Mapstead)
13%
(Other or undecided)
Trump +1%
Emerson CollegeSeptember 17–18, 20231125 (RV)42%43%4%11%Trump +1%
YouGovSeptember 7–18, 20233098 (RV)45%43%2%5%5%Biden +2%
PRRIAugust 25–30, 20232525 (RV)41%37%5%10%6%Biden +4%
PRRIAugust 25–30, 20232525 (RV)38%43%4%10%
(Larry Hogan)
7%Trump +5%
Wall Street JournalAugust 24–30, 20231500 (RV)39%40%2%1%
(Lars Mapstead)
17%Trump +1%
Emerson CollegeAugust 25–26, 20231000 (RV)39%44%4%13%Trump +5%
Mclaughlin & AssociatesAugust 15–23, 20231000 (LV)41%42%6%11%Trump +1%
Mclaughlin & AssociatesAugust 15–23, 20231000 (LV)38%39%5%7%12%Trump +1%
Emerson CollegeAugust 16–17, 20231000 (RV)41%42%5%13%Trump +1%
McLaughlin & AssociatesJuly 19–24, 20231000 (LV)38%40%6%5%12%Trump +2%
McLaughlin & AssociatesJuly 19–24, 20231000 (LV)40%42%5%13%Trump +2%
Reuters/IpsosJuly 11–17, 20234414 (A)31%31%18%9%10%Even
Echelon InsightsJune 26–29, 20231020 (LV)42%43%4%11%Trump +1%
Emerson CollegeJune 19–20, 20231015 (RV)40%41%6%7%6%Trump +1%
June 14, 2023West declares his candidacy
Data For ProgressMay 25 – June 5, 20231625 (LV)44%44%6%
(Larry Hogan)
7%Even
Echelon InsightsMay 22–25, 20231035 (LV)41%42%9%8%Trump +1%
RMG ResearchMay 22–24, 20231000 (RV)35%37%12%4%12%Trump +2%

See also

Notes

Ballot access

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: DeFeo . T. A. . May 30, 2023 . Oliver sees 2024 as an opportunity for Libertarians to break out . May 27, 2024 . The Center Square . en.
  2. Web site: April 5, 2023 . Statement of Candidacy. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20230407072442/https://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/672/202304059579709672/202304059579709fd672.pdf. April 7, 2023. April 5, 2023. docquery.fec.gov.
  3. Web site: April 6, 2023. Statement of Candidacy. live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230425001042/https://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/515/202304069579725515/202304069579725515.pdf . April 25, 2023. May 12, 2023. docquery.fec.gov.
  4. Web site: October 17, 2023 . Statement of Candidacy . December 10, 2023. docquery.fec.gov . December 10, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231210085350/https://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/800/202310179598479800/202310179598479800.pdf . live .
  5. Web site: Robert F. Kennedy Jr. running for president in 2024. Kelly Garrity. April 5, 2023. April 5, 2023. Politico. April 5, 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230405235155/https://www.politico.com/news/2023/04/05/robert-f-kennedy-jr-running-president-2024-00090706. live.
  6. News: Gibson . Brittany . Zhang . Andrew . October 9, 2023 . RFK Jr. announces he will run as an independent candidate . en-US . . October 9, 2023 . October 19, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231019162350/https://www.politico.com/news/2023/10/09/rfk-jr-announces-he-will-run-as-an-independent-candidate-00120604 . live .
  7. Web site: Trudo . Hanna . March 26, 2024 . RFK Jr. announces Nicole Shanahan as VP pick . March 26, 2024 . The Hill . en-US.
  8. DrJillStein. 1794801037087551626. BREAKING: We have received enough delegates to clinch the @GreenPartyUS presidential nomination! We have swept 21 states' delegate selection conventions, bringing our total delegate count to 219. We can't continue this fight without your help! We don't take money from super PACs and rely on supporters like you. Join our movement for people, planet and peace: http://jillstein2024.com/donate. May 26, 2024. May 28, 2024.
  9. Web site: September 13, 2023 . Statement of Candidacy . January 14, 2024.
  10. Web site: 'We are working-class women of color': the long-shot socialist run for the White House. The Guardian. January 7, 2024. February 29, 2024.
  11. votesocialist24. 1735698186386264174. December 15, 2023. April 11, 2024. For #FlashbackFriday, here is Karina on Day 1 of Trump's inauguration in 2017 when we flooded the streets of DC at our #InaugurateTheResistance demonstration. Unlike the leadership of the Democratic Party, who knowingly boosted Trump as an opportunity to get more votes, we were among the first people to organize against him in the summer of 2015 bc we knew that you could only defeat an organized force with a bigger organized force: the force of the multinational working class!.
  12. News: Winger . Richard . Randall Terry Wins Constitution Party's Presidential Nomination . April 27, 2024. Ballot Access News . April 27, 2024.
  13. News: Vagianos . Alanna . Anti-Abortion Extremist Will Be On The Presidential Ballot In 12 States. May 20, 2024 . HuffPost. April 30, 2024.
  14. Web site: June 5, 2023 . Statement of Candidacy . live. https://web.archive.org/web/20230614112248/https://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/158/202306130300443158/202306130300443158.pdf . June 14, 2023. December 10, 2023 . docquery.fec.gov.
  15. Web site: June 20, 2023. Statement of Candidacy . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230702152135/https://docquery.fec.gov/pdf/413/202306200300443413/202306200300443413.pdf . July 2, 2023 . December 10, 2023 . docquery.fec.gov.
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  17. Web site: Cornel West picks Melina Abdullah, professor and racial justice advocate, as running mate. Trudo. Hannah. The Hill. April 10, 2024 .
  18. Web site: FEC Form 2 for Report FEC-1707205. FEC.gov. October 10, 2023.
  19. Web site: June 3, 2023 . Peter Sonski is the American Solidarity Party 2024 Presidential nominee . June 3, 2023 . Ballot Access News.
  20. Web site: Sahner . Vivian . Vote Socialist Workers Party! .
  21. Web site: Dennis Richter, SWP candidate for vice president. May 6, 2024. The Militant.
  22. Web site: Filing FEC-1696639 . FEC.gov . June 27, 2024.
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  26. Web site: FEC Form 2 for Report FEC-1706385. FEC.gov. July 12, 2024.
  27. Web site: FEC Form 2 for Report FEC-1709800. FEC.gov. October 10, 2023.
  28. Web site: Prohibition Party Chooses National 2024 Ticket Ballot Access News . Ballot Access News . May 10, 2023.
  29. Web site: Everylove . Lucifer . Certificate of Nomination for Unaffiliated Candidate . Vote Utah (SLCO).
  30. Web site: Statement of Candidacy . FEC.
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  32. News: Evans . Jordan Willow . Pirate Party Endorses Vermin Supreme for President at National Convention . June 11, 2024 . Independent Political Report . June 11, 2024.
  33. SUPER TUESDAYS w/ Vermin Supreme ft. Jonathan Realz! . July 9, 2024 . Vermin Supreme . July 17, 2024 . YouTube.
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  36. Web site: October 10, 2023. Conversations with Tom Ross: The Transhumanist Party's 2024 Presidential Candidate. . November 21, 2023. Scientific Inquirer . en-US.
  37. News: Dan. Woike. Johnny Buss, brother of Lakers owner Jeanie Buss, is running for president. March 14, 2024. Los Angeles Times. March 17, 2024.
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  39. Web site: Johnny Buss, Part-Owner of Los Angeles Lakers, Launches Presidential Campaign . April 24, 2024. May 6, 2024. L.A. Focus.
  40. Web site: Who Are the 2024 3rd-Party Candidates?. Lafrate, Anthony. August 6, 2023. November 13, 2023. catholicvote.org.
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  42. Web site: 15 lesser-known candidates running for president in 2024:Afroman. Christian Post. April 14, 2024. Foley, Ryan. May 16, 2024.
  43. Web site: May 14, 2024 . Presidential Debate about Real Issues: Libertarian Ter Maat vs. Independent Pastreich . May 31, 2024 . Korea IT Times. en.
  44. Web site: Robby Wells Announces US Presidential Campaign 2024 - We Need a Creative Society. January 23, 2023. WTTV. February 9, 2024.
  45. Web site: Rise Up With Robby Wells For President 2024. riseupwithrobby.com. February 9, 2024.
  46. Web site: 2024 Libertarian National Convention. LP.org.
  47. Web site: Richard Winger. Winger. Richard. July 22, 2022. Libertarian Party Presidential Convention in 2024 Will be in Washington, D.C.. Ballot Access News.
  48. Web site: Convention Rules - 2024 Convention . Green Party of the United States . June 13, 2023.
  49. https://www.gp.org/national_meetings "National Meetings"
  50. Web site: The Constitution Party Presidential Nominating Convention April 24 – 27, 2024. Constitution Party. October 27, 2023 .
  51. Web site: Ivanovich . Donna . St. Louis Conference Report . Constitution Party . October 27, 2023 . January 9, 2024.
  52. Web site: Constitution Party Convention: Eight Candidates Vie For Nomination – Independent Political Report.
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  55. Web site: Brandon Mcintyre. .
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  57. Web site: 2024 Presidential Candidate Open Forum . US Taxpayers Party of Michigan . April 30, 2024.
  58. Web site: UPDATED: Constitution Party Nominates Randall Terry and Stephen Broden; State Vote Totals; Acceptance Speech; New Officers. Joseph Buchman. April 27, 2024. May 20, 2024. Independent Political Report.
  59. Web site: Constitution Party Convention: Eight Candidates Vie For Nomination. Independent Political Report. April 27, 2024. May 17, 2024. Joseph Buchman.
  60. I_P_R. 1784254428326899757. Operation Rescue founder and pro-life advocate Randall Terry wins the presidential nomination of the Constitution Party on the first round. Voting for a vice presidential nominee will follow. A big thanks to editorial team member Joe Buchman for attending!. April 27, 2024. May 17, 2024.
  61. Web site: Nevada and Utah Constitution Parties Nominate Joel Skousen for President. Winger, Richard. May 28, 2024. Ballot Access News.
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  64. Web site: STATEMENT OF VOTE MARCH 5, 2024, PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARY RESULTS. California Secretary of State. April 12, 2024. April 12, 2024.
  65. Web site: Nazzaro . Miranda . RFK Jr. qualifies for California ballot . . April 29, 2024.
  66. News: Robert F. Kennedy Jr. will appear on California ballot with this small, far-right party . Jenavieve . Hatch . . April 29, 2024 . April 29, 2024 .
  67. News: Winger . Richard . Minnesota Legal Marijuana Now Party Will Hold State's First Presidential Primary for a Third Party. January 2, 2024 . Ballot Access News . January 2, 2024.
  68. Web site: Porter. Steven. Eccentric candidates 'part of the color' of N.H. primary process - The Boston Globe. November 5, 2023. October 30, 2023 . . en-US.
  69. Web site: Estabrook. Rachel. Warner. Ryan. 'Don't vote for me,' says Colorado woman on Minnesota's presidential primary ballot. February 2, 2024. January 29, 2024 . . en-US.
  70. Web site: Who can vote in the 2024 Minnesota Primary? What to know about tomorrow's election. March 4, 2024 . . Swanson, Stephen.
  71. Web site: Certification of Results of 2024 Presidential Nomination Primary . . March 12, 2024.
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  75. Web site: Presidential candidates for Nebraska's primary ballot announced. February 28, 2024 .
  76. Web site: President Peace and Freedom - Statewide Results . California Secretary of State . March 6, 2024 .
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  79. Web site: June 29, 2023 . American Solidarity Party names Lauren Onak as Vice Presidential Nominee. Willow Evans, Jordan. Independent Political Report.
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  84. Web site: Robert F. Kennedy Jr. gets spot on Michigan's ballot as Natural Law Party nominee. The Detroit News.
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  89. politics1com. 1777460193250419048. COLORADO. Two candidates are competing at the Unity Party convention on Saturday for the party's presidential ballot line: progressive independent Cornel West (NJ) and frequent state candidate Paul Fiorino (CO). Party insiders believe West is favored to capture the spot.. April 8, 2024. April 11, 2024.
  90. Politics1com. 1779504389129990519. Progressive independent candidate Cornel West easily won the presidential nomination of the Unity Party at yesterday's convention, capturing 95% of the delegate votes, which places him on the ballot in Colorado.. April 14, 2024. May 17, 2024.
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  98. Web site: Live. .
  99. 1736834777771286790. ogafroman. Afroman. 202Fro In Full Effecc Tickets at http://ogafroman.com. January 8, 2024.
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  115. Web site: BREAKING NEWS: Andy Beshear ENDORSES Joe Biden for second term. October 10, 2023. Republican Party of Kentucky. March 18, 2024.
  116. Web site: Gov. Beshear: VP Harris has my full endorsement. July 22, 2024. MSNBC. July 22, 2024.
  117. Web site: Fortinsky . Sarah . March 17, 2024 . Sen. Cassidy says he is not running on No Labels ticket. March 17, 2024. The Hill.
  118. News: March 27, 2024 . Chris Christie turns down No Labels presidential bid after discussions. March 27, 2024 . Washington Post . en. Scherer . Michael . Dawsey . Josh.
  119. Web site: No Labels: We'd consider Haley on our ticket. Haley: No thanks.. January 21, 2024 . Politico. Lippman. Daniel.
  120. Web site: Associated Press . January 16, 2024 . Ex-Gov. Larry Hogan backs Haley, won't mount his own third-party 2024 bid . January 16, 2024 . Maryland Daily Record . en-US.
  121. Web site: Former Maryland Gov. Larry Hogan endorses Nikki Haley. CBS News. Caitlin. Yilek. January 14, 2024. February 10, 2024.
  122. Web site: Larry Hogan launches surprise Maryland Senate bid. February 9, 2024. February 9, 2024. Weaver. Al. Vakil. Caroline. The Hill.
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  124. Web site: No, Jon Huntsman Jr. isn't running for president. Benson, Samuel. Deseret News. November 14, 2023. November 15, 2023.
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  128. Web site: Former Gov. Pat McCrory is not running for president, but he does have plans for 2024. May 23, 2023. Danielle. Battaglia. The Charlotte Observer. January 21, 2024.
  129. News: Epstein . Reid J. . January 21, 2024 . Dean Phillips Floats a No Labels Bid if 2024 Is Trump vs. Biden. January 21, 2024 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
  130. News: Trudo . Hannah . January 22, 2024 . Phillips campaign rules out 'No Labels' run. January 22, 2024 . . en-US.
  131. News: Zdechlik . Mark . July 22, 2024 . Rep. Phillips backs Harris for president but wants other contenders heard. July 31, 2024 . . en-US.
  132. Web site: A Romney/Manchin presidential ticket? There's a new group that says the 'political heavyweights' can win the White House. November 10, 2023. Lisa Riley. Roche. Yahoo! News. November 15, 2023.
  133. Web site: Mitt Romney not seeking third-party presidential ticket with Democratic Sen. Joe Manchin, chief of staff says. November 10, 2023. Josh. Ellis. KSL-TV. November 15, 2023.
  134. News: Everett . Burgess . December 9, 2022 . Sinema switches to independent, shaking up the Senate. Politico. December 9, 2022 . December 9, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221209112113/https://www.politico.com/news/2022/12/09/sinema-arizona-senate-independent-00073216 . live.
  135. News: New Hampshire Gov. Chris Sununu endorses Nikki Haley. December 12, 2024. NBC. March 27, 2024. Korecki. Natasha.
  136. News: New Hampshire Gov. Chris Sununu backs Trump for president. March 8, 2024. CNN. March 8, 2024.
  137. News: Ngo . Emily . Reisman . Nick . September 15, 2023 . Yang wants to move 'Forward'. Politico. September 15, 2023 . By the numbers, if I were to run, I would probably increase the chances of Trump winning," he told Playbook. "And so I'm not going to do that..
  138. Web site: No Labels has 13 contenders for ticket against Biden and Trump. January 12, 2024. Julia. Johnson. Washington Examiner. January 21, 2024.
  139. Web site: Redpath . Bill . January 19, 2024 . Forward Party's Andrew Yang Endorses Dean Phillips for President. Ballot Access News. January 21, 2024 . en-US.
  140. News: Gans . Jared . July 23, 2024 . Yang says he'll support Harris for president in November . January 31, 2024. The Hill. en-US.
  141. Web site: October 6, 2023 . Justin Amash States That He Will Not Seek Libertarian Party Presidential Nomination Ballot Access News . October 10, 2023 . en-US . October 8, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231008054909/https://ballot-access.org/2023/10/06/justin-amash-states-that-he-will-not-seek-libertarian-party-presidential-nomination/ . live .
  142. News: Olinga, Luc . October 28, 2022 . Billionaire Mark Cuban Decides on the 2024 Presidential Election. October 27, 2022 . . en-US . October 27, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221027004930/https://www.thestreet.com/technology/billionaire-mark-cuban-says-whether-he-will-run-in-2024 . live.
  143. Web site: Johnson. Ted. Mark Cuban Says He'll Vote For Joe Biden Over Donald Trump. Deadline Hollywood. March 5, 2024. March 5, 2024 .
  144. News: Shapero . Julia . July 31, 2024 . Reid Hoffman, Mark Cuban lead more than 100 Silicon Valley investors backing Harris . July 31, 2024 . The Hill.
  145. News: June 5, 2023. Nguyen, Lananh. JPMorgan CEO Jamie Dimon has no plans to run for office, company says . en . Reuters. June 5, 2023.
  146. Web site: La Botz, Dan. June 14, 2023 . Cornel West for President? What Does the Left Think? Part 1 . June 20, 2023 . International Viewpoint.
  147. Web site: Hawkins, Howie . June 25, 2023 . Notes, Episode 131 . June 30, 2023 . Youtube. (Timestamp: 11:55)
  148. Web site: Kurtz . Judy . October 7, 2022 . Dwayne Johnson says White House bid 'off the table'. . October 7, 2022 . October 8, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221008122615/https://www.fox16.com/hill-politics/dwayne-johnson-says-white-house-bid-off-the-table/ . live.
  149. News: Vivek Ramaswamy, Libertarian candidate? In Iowa, his campaign flirts with a third-party run . . December 7, 2023 . December 8, 2023 . January 16, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240116233241/https://subscribe.desmoinesregister.com/restricted?return=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.desmoinesregister.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Felections%2Fpresidential%2Fcaucus%2F2023%2F12%2F07%2Fiowa-caucuses-vivek-ramaswamy-presidential-campaign-flirts-with-libertarian-party-ticket%2F71841250007%2F&sltsgmt=TBP_24&gps-source=CPROADBLOCKDH . live .
  150. News: Vivek Ramaswamy says he is not exploring Libertarian presidential bid . . December 8, 2023 . December 9, 2023 . December 9, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231209152739/https://www.thegazette.com/campaigns-elections/vivek-ramaswamy-says-he-is-not-exploring-libertarian-presidential-bid/ . live. McCullough, Caleb .
  151. Web site: Dave Smith: Comedian, Podcaster...Presidential Candidate? . Gillespie . Nick . Weissmueller . Zach . July 20, 2022 . . August 26, 2023 . June 30, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220630143615/https://reason.com/video/2022/06/20/dave-smith-comedian-podcaster-presidential-candidate/ . live .
  152. 1695448811903087088. ComicDaveSmith. I choose not to run! AMA about the LP 2024 Presidential race.. Dave. Smith. August 26, 2023 .
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  154. Libertarians and Socialists and Jill Stein - Oh, My! . Marantz . Andrew . March 11, 2024 . . March 22, 2024 . March 22, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240322205906/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2024/03/18/libertarians-and-socialists-and-jill-stein-oh-my . live .
  155. Web site: Free & Equal Presidential Debate – at FreedomFest July 12, 2024 . June 6, 2024 . June 6, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240606192156/https://freeandequal.org/debate/free-equal-presidential-debate-july-12-2024/ . live . freeandequal.org .
  156. Free & Equal Presidential Debate to be Held at FreedomFest in Las Vegas July 11th . May 14, 2024 . June 23, 2024 . June 23, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240623004754/https://www.wate.com/business/press-releases/ein-presswire/710146282/free-equal-presidential-debate-to-be-held-at-freedomfest-in-las-vegas-july-11th/ . live . WATE .
  157. Web site: Free & Equal Presidential Debate - September 2024.
  158. FreeandEqual. 1820477837654286637. We invite Donald, @KamalaHarris, and Bobby to join our next September debate..
  159. The Abandon Biden Town Hall Part 3 of 3 Meeting with Jill Stein. July 7, 2024. YouTube.
  160. The Abandon Biden Town Hall Part 2 of 3 Meeting with Cornel West. July 7, 2024. YouTube.
  161. The Abandon Biden Town Hall Part 1 of 3 Meeting with Claudia De La Cruz. July 7, 2024. YouTube.
  162. News: Democrats try to cover up key role of police in January 6 coup attempt. Barry. Grey. June 19, 2024. World Socialist Web Site. August 2, 2024.
  163. Web site: The Abandon Biden 2024 Presidential Forum. Abandon Biden 2024. August 2, 2024.