Thioalkalivibrio Explained

Thioalkalivibrio is a Gram-negative, mostly halophilic bacterial genus of the family Ectothiorhodospiraceae.^{[1] [2]}

Occurrence

In the last decade, several species of Thioalkalivibrio have been discovered, but these chemolithoautotrophic, haloalkaliphilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria had only been found in soda lakes in alkaline and saline habitats. However, Sorokin and colleagues in 2012 isolated and grew out a novel Thioalkalivibrio sulfidiphilus, strain HL-EbGr7T, from a full-scale wastewater bioreactor after the hydrogen sulfide gas had been removed/^[3]

Structure

The Thioalkalivibrio sulfidiphilus strain HL-EbGr7T cells is long, slender, slightly curved, rod-shaped bacteria with a polar flagellum for motility. It has a gram-negative cell wall and the colonies are up to 2 mm in diameter.

Genetics

Thioalkalivibrio sulfidiphilus strain HL-EbGr7T is closely related to Thioalkalivibrio denitrificans within the Gammaproteobacteria based on 16S rRNA gene. It contains a singular chromosome that is 3.46 Mbp with a G+C content of 65.06% and 3,366 genes.^[4]

Metabolism

Strain HL-EBGrtT was obligately aerobic, could not use nitrite or nitrate as a nitrogen source, but could use urea and ammonia. It grew on both thiosulfate and sulfide, showing preference for sulfide. It also oxidized polysulfide, elemental sulfur and tetrathionate. It was sensitive to fully aerobic conditions, grew optimally at pH of 10, a salt content of 0.4 M and an optimal temperature of 35°Celsius. It was sensitive to chloramphenicol and resistant to ampicillin, kanamycin, tetracycline and rifampicin.

Further reading

• Berben T, Sorokin DY, Ivanova N, Pati A, Kyrpides N, Goodwin LA, Woyke T, Muyzer G . 6 . Partial genome sequence of Thioalkalivibrio thiocyanodenitrificans ARhD 1(T), a chemolithoautotrophic haloalkaliphilic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium capable of complete denitrification . Standards in Genomic Sciences . 10 . 1 . 84 . 26 October 2015 . 26512309 . 4624374 . 10.1186/s40793-015-0080-3 . free .
• Book: Koki . Horikoshi . Garabed . Antranikian . Alan T. . Bull . Frank T. . Robb . Karl O. . Stetter . vanc . Extremophiles Handbook . 2010 . Springer Science & Business Media . 978-4-431-53897-4 .
• Book: Atlas. Ronald M. . vanc . Handbook of microbiological media. 2010. Boca Raton, Fla.. Washington, D.C.. 978-1-4398-0408-7. 4th.
• Book: Peter M. H. . Kroneck . Martha E. Sosa . Torres . vanc . The Metal-Driven Biogeochemistry of Gaseous Compounds in the Environment . 2014 . Springer . 978-94-017-9269-1 .

Notes and References

1. Book: Don J. . Brenner . Noel R. . Krieg . James T. . Staley . vanc . Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. 2005. Springer. New York. 0-387-28022-7. 2nd.
2. Book: Joseph . Seckbach . Aharon . Oren . Helga . Stan-Lotter . vanc . Polyextremophiles life under multiple forms of stress . 2013 . Springe r. Dordrecht . 978-94-007-6488-0 .
3. Sorokin DY, Muntyan MS, Panteleeva AN, Muyzer G . Thioalkalivibrio sulfidiphilus sp. nov., a haloalkaliphilic, sulfur-oxidizing gammaproteobacterium from alkaline habitats . International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology . 62 . Pt 8 . 1884–9 . August 2012 . 21984678 . 10.1099/ijs.0.034504-0 .
4. Muyzer G, Sorokin DY, Mavromatis K, Lapidus A, Clum A, Ivanova N, Pati A, d'Haeseleer P, Woyke T, Kyrpides NC . 6 . Complete genome sequence of "Thioalkalivibrio sulfidophilus" HL-EbGr7 . Standards in Genomic Sciences . 4 . 1 . 23–35 . February 2011 . 21475584 . 3072093 . 10.4056/sigs.1483693 .