Thessaloniki Metro Explained

Thessaloniki Metro
Native Name:Greek, Modern (1453-);: Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης
Locale:Thessaloniki, Greece
Transit Type:Rapid transit
Lines:1
Stations:13
Daily Ridership:254,000 (projected)
Annual Ridership:92.7 million (projected)
Website:Official website
Operator:Thessaloniki Metro Automatic (THEMA)
Character:Underground
Vehicles:18 Hitachi Rail Italy Driverless Metro,[1] 15 more on order
Headway:3.5 minutes
System Length:9.6km (06miles)
Top Speed:80km/h
Map State:collapsed
Map Name:Thessaloniki Metro map

The Thessaloniki Metro (el|Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης,) is an underground rapid-transit system in Thessaloniki, Greece's second largest city. The system consists of a single line with 13 stations; a further 5 stations are under construction for Line 2. It is fully automated and driverless, the first system of its kind in Greece, and is operated by Thessaloniki Metro Automatic (THEMA), a consortium.

Estimates for the cost of the megaproject are at €3 billion ($ billion), including €600 million ($ million) in future interest payments. The project is primarily funded with loans from the European Investment Bank (EIB) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), as well as funds from the Greek government. Construction by a Greco-Italian consortium is overseen by Elliniko Metro, the Greek state-owned company which oversaw the construction of the Athens Metro and Athens Tram.

Proposed during the 1910s and first seriously planned in the 1980s, construction of the main line began in 2006 and on the Kalamaria extension in 2013. After years of delays, due to archaeological discoveries and the Greek financial crisis, the 9.6km (06miles) Line 1 opened on 30 November 2024, with Line 2 expected to add a further 4.8km (03miles) of tunnels and 5 more stations to the system in late 2025.

Name

The system is commonly known as the Thessaloniki Metro (el|Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης, , in Greek, Modern (1453-); pronounced as /meˈtro θesaloˈnicis/), but is sometimes also referred to by the more formal name of Thessaloniki Metropolitan Railway (el|Μητροπολιτικός Σιδηρόδρομος Θεσσαλονίκης|translit=Mitropolitikós Sidiródromos Thessaloníkis).[2]

History

1918 and 1988 proposals

Ernest Hébrard and Thomas Hayton Mawson were the first to propose the creation of a metro system in Thessaloniki in 1918 as part of a commission appointed by the government of Eleftherios Venizelos to redesign the city after the Great Fire of 1917, which had devastated the city centre.[3] They proposed an underground railway to connect the New Railway Station and Nea Elvetia, terminus for a proposed railway connecting Mikra and the Strymonic Gulf.[4] [5] Although Thessaloniki has grown considerably since Hébrard's original design, Line 1 is almost identical to his plan and runs from his proposed new railway station to the suburb of Nea Elvetia.[6] The project never materialised. A circular metro line was proposed in 1968, extending to the airport and crossing the Thermaic Gulf in a tunnel. The first Greek national budget to include a funding code for a Thessaloniki Metro was that of 1976 under Konstantinos Karamanlis.[7]

The idea of a metro was revived during the 1980s. In 1987, the University of Thessaloniki published a proposal for an extensive, multi-branch light metro system, envisioned to be underground only between the New Railway Station and, at a cost of ₯12.5 billion ($ million $ million in 2023) for the underground portion.[8] In 1988, under Mayor Sotiris Kouvelas, the city published studies for its Thessaloniki Metro development plan and construction of the project's first phase.[9] The line was almost identical to the modern line, with 14 stations between the New Railway Station and . The plan had one additional station, Patrikiou, between and and had alternative names for three stations. is shown as Vardari, an alternative name for the public square served by the station; is listed as Alkazar (Hamza Bey Mosque, on the corner of Egnatia and Venizelou Streets), and is shown as Archaeological Museum. The network would be within the city limits, excluding Kalamaria and a large portion of Thessaloniki's metropolitan area. Of the 7.77km (04.83miles) of track proposed, 6.26km (03.89miles) would be underground and 1.51km (00.94miles) above ground.

In 1989, construction began on the first 650m (2,130feet) of tunnel along Egnatia street between the Thessaloniki International Fair grounds and Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (the present station). Construction was carried out with the cut-and-cover method instead of a tunnel boring machine. The proposed metro was only 4.5m (14.8feet) beneath ground level at but dropped to about 10m (30feet) towards the New Railway Station, creating archaeological problems similar to those encountered during construction of the current system. Although construction was scheduled to end in 1995, the project stalled and the unfinished (but excavated) initial cut-and-cover section became known as "the hole of Kouvelas" (el|η τρύπα του Κούβελα, i trypa tou Kouvela). The project ultimately failed due to a series of unsuccessful contract competitions and appeals of awarded contracts. Another obstacle was lack of interest by Greece's central government. Thessaloniki attempted to fund the project on its own, saying that European Union member states were prepared to cover 50 percent of the project costs and provide favourable loans for the remainder, but without the central-government's involvement the plan did not go forward. One reason for the lack of central-government support was Greece's political polarisation during the 1980s; Kouvelas represented the centre-right New Democracy party when the country was governed by the Panhellenic Socialist Movement. Plans for a Thessaloniki metro were abandoned until the 2000s.

Final proposal

In 2018, Elliniko Metro S.A. was overseeing the construction of a two-line, twin-tunnel system composed of Line 1 (the base project) and Line 2 (the Kalamaria Extension). Although Line 1 has been delayed by extensive archaeological works, Line 2's construction is proceeding on schedule. Construction of tunnels for both lines was finished in 2018, and track-laying began in August of that year.[10] Line 1 and Line 2 were expected to be operational by December 2023.[11] Both lines are designed to serve a minimum of 18,000 passengers per hour in each direction, with a 90-second headway. The completed metro will reduce Thessaloniki's greenhouse gas emissions by an estimated 5,000 tons a year, and reduce travel time by up to 66 percent.[12]

Image:Thessaloniki Metro Topographic Map.svg|900px|center|alt=Click on station names or symbols to visit the relevant pagerect 122 404 306 436 New Railway Station metro stationrect 124 365 203 393 Dimokratias metro stationrect 209 306 272 332 Venizelou metro stationrect 259 271 326 302 Agias Sofias metro stationrect 342 206 456 246 Sintrivani metro stationrect 372 116 456 149 Panepistimio metro station (Thessaloniki)rect 525 134 582 165 Papafi metro stationrect 571 189 629 225 Efkleidis metro stationrect 608 231 671 266 Fleming metro stationrect 698 258 768 287 Analipsi metro stationrect 670 318 750 350 25 Martiou metro stationrect 813 282 876 312 Voulgari metro stationrect 784 225 860 255 Nea Elvetia metro stationrect 1007 313 1134 341 Pylaia depotrect 807 363 868 393 Nomarchia metro stationrect 884 461 955 490 Kalamaria metro stationrect 1022 433 1077 464 Aretsou metro stationrect 1123 396 1189 425 Nea Krini metro stationrect 1282 389 1324 422 Mikra metro stationrect 1248 389 1278 421 rect 92 405 123 437 Line 2 (Thessaloniki Metro)rect 59 406 92 438 Line 1 (Thessaloniki Metro)rect 304 410 338 434 Hellenic Railways Organisationrect 863 226 892 255 Line 1 (Thessaloniki Metro)rect 336 408 382 435 Thessaloniki Suburban Railway

Network

Line 1 (Base Project)

See also: Line 1 (Thessaloniki Metro). What is known as the Base Project (el|Βασικό Έργο) began in 2003, when Attiko Metro and the Greek government agreed to cooperate on a public works project[13] Government support was instrumental, since lack of government support for the 1988 proposal was the primary reason it had failed. The project issued a request for tender in 20042005, and the successful Greco-Italian consortium (which included AnsaldoBreda) began construction in late June 2006. An alternate consortium, Macedonian Metro (el|Μακεδονικό Μετρό), was barred by the European Court of Justice from participating in the tender because it changed its composition after the tender proceedings began (violating EU law).[14] The project was budgeted at €1.05 billion ($ billion), with 25 percent funding from the Greek government and 75 percent funded by loans from the European Investment Bank and the European Regional Development Fund.[15] The latest available Attiko Metro financial data put the official estimated cost at €1.28 billion ($ billion).[16] An April 2019 update raised the estimated cost to €1.62 billion ($ billion).[17] Line 1 runs within the municipality of Thessaloniki, the core of the Thessaloniki urban area, calling at 13 stations.

It has two parallel single-track tunnels on a 9.5km (05.9miles) route between (for the city's main railway station) and, with Pylaia depot further southeast. Although construction began in 2006, major archaeological finds in the city centre delayed the project considerably. Disputes between Attiko Metro, the city council, and archaeologists reached Greece's Council of State, the country's highest administrative court, in 2015. The original schedule had Line 1 operational by 2012. Attiko Metro redesigned several stations in a solution which became known as "antiquities and metro" (el|και αρχαία και μετρό).[18] Some finds discovered on the line will be put on display at permanent in-station exhibitions, while the major discoveries at will make up the world's first publicly-accessible open-air archaeological site contained in situ within a metro station.

Construction of the tunnels was completed on 31 July 2018, 12 years and one month after breaking ground.[19] That day, the architectural work on Line 1 was reported as 80 percent finished. In August 2018 installation of the tracks and electronic signalling equipment began. It was expected that the line would enter service in its entirety, between and, in 2020 but will not stop at and, which will open at a later date.[20] [21] By February 2019 construction on the main line was 95 percent completed and platform screen doors were beginning to be installed, while the Supreme Council for Civil Personnel Selection was planning a competition to fill the first 28 Thessaloniki Metro employee positions.[22]

Despite the progress, in September 2019 Greece's new conservative cabinet announced a further 28-month delay to the project, pushing the opening date from November 2020 to April 2023 and citing costly archaeological works at as the reason.[23] The new Minister of Infrastructure and Transport announced that the government had decided to scrap the previous plan to keep the archaeological discoveries in situ within the station at Venizelou, choosing instead to disassemble them and re-assemble them at a later stage, noting that excavation costs had exceeded €130 million ($ million), more than the cost of the new Acropolis Museum.[24] Thessaloniki's new conservative mayor, Konstantinos Zervas, as well as Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis, supported this move. Mitsotakis also announced at the Thessaloniki International Fair that a new archaeological museum would be built specifically to house archaeological artefacts unearthed during the construction of the metro. The new head of Attiko Metro (now Elliniko Metro) accused archaeologists of "looking to the past; we need to look forward".[25] There were two more delays, one from April 2023 to December 2023, and one from December 2023 to March 2024.

The decision to disassemble the archaeological finds, dubbed a "Byzantine Pompeii", was strongly criticised, and a citizens' group has taken the government to court over the issue for a second time, supported by former mayor Yiannis Boutaris among others.[26] Part of the objection has to do with the fact that the government has not carried out any studies as to how it will return and re-assemble the artefacts once the station has been built; this course of action was adopted for the construction of Agias Sofias metro station, where the archaeological discoveries were more significant than those at Venizelou, but the re-assembly of the artefacts on site is now impossible because Attiko Metro never constructed any space dedicated to the re-assembly of the artefacts it disassembled, despite having promised to do so.[27] In April 2020, the International Association of Byzantine Studies (AIEB) wrote to Prime Minister Mitsotakis to protest the removal of the antiquities from their original location, saying that the discoveries constituted "a cultural and scientific jewel" and that "it would be a tragedy to jeopardise [Greece's reputation for monument preservation] by squandering the treasure of the Thessaloniki material and data through an unnecessarily hasty construction project", arguing that the previous decision to leave the discoveries in-situ was preferable.[28]

In a customer satisfaction survey carried out by the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in the months prior to the inauguration of the metro, the only such survey to be published in a peer reviewed journal, 85% of respondents viewed the construction of the metro positively, but also showed overwhelming support for the notions that poor planning and inefficient management of funds were a cause of the years-long construction delays.[29] It also found low levels of satisfaction with the progress of the works, with only 2.8% saying they were fully or quite satisfied with progress, and 42% being moderately satisfied; overall dissatisfaction was at 68%. A different study found that, even though there was widespread dissatisfaction with the construction works and associated years-long traffic arrangements, as well as the closure of businesses that resulted from these, there was also a high degree of understanding of and support for the city's transit-oriented development model.[30]

thumb|Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis inaugurates the metro system in the presence of President Katerina Sakellaropoulou.

A final opening date for Line 1 was set for noon on 30 November 2024.[31] [32] [33] [34] In preparation for this, a brand identity was unveiled on 13 November 2024,[35] while the final project cost of €3 billion ($ billion), including €600 million ($ million) in future interest payments, was revealed on 20 November 2024. The line was finally opened on 30 November in a ceremony officiated by Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis, with no fares to be collected until 4 December,[36] although the cultural and commercial celebrations organised by the Thessaloniki Chamber of Handicrafts were postponed to 4 December due to Storm Bora.[37] The heavy rainfall also caused minor problems on the line, with water leakage in 3 stations and the elevators in 7 stations being out of use.[38] [39] Nevertheless, use of the metro in the first few days of fare-free operation was high, with employees needing to deploy crowd control measures to prevent platform overcrowding.[40]

Line 2 (extension to Kalamaria)

See also: Line 2 (Thessaloniki Metro).

The Kalamaria Extension (el|Επέκταση Καλαμαριάς) extends the metro system to Kalamaria, the second-largest municipality in the Thessaloniki urban area and the 18th-most-populous in Greece. Similar in construction to Line 1, it has two parallel single-track tunnels on a 4.78km (02.97miles) route between and and adds five stations to the network. Construction on the project began in 2013, with a budget of €518 million ($ million). By 31 July 2018, the extension was 60 percent completed. Although construction began seven years after Line 1, it is expected to fully enter service just six months after Line 1, in May 2025.[11] [41] This is due to the lack of major archaeological works, enabling the project to proceed without delays. The latest Elliniko Metro financial statement puts the extension's cost at €568 million ($ million). An April 2019 update raised the estimated cost to €640 million ($ million). The line is made up of 16 stations, 11 of which are also stations served by Line 1.

After confusion about the extension's place in the system, Elliniko Metro clarified in August 2018 that it would be a separate line running between and without the need to change trains at . The extension of Line 2 to Makedonia Airport went to tender in March 2019 with an initial budget of €254,150 ($,000) for topographical works in order to enable more detailed planning of the line.[42]

Future

The extension to the northwestern districts initially included a circular line and was in a preliminary phase[43] [44] [45] until the fall of 2023 when the management of Elliniko Metro S.A. decided not to proceed with the project, considering it both structurally unfeasible and wrong in design. The project now includes a northwest extension of Line 1 that will start from, will cross Stavroupoli and Evosmos, will reach the hospitals at the northwestern entrance of the city, and will end at a second depot of Line 1 situated at the ring road of Thessaloniki. The relevant decisions were announced by Hellenic Metro S.A. on May 20, 2024. The funding process will begin in 2024.[46] [47]

The contractor's audit procedures will follow, along with the approval by the Court of Audit and the signing of the contract with the contractor. The northwestern extension will be a priority among all future extensions of the Thessaloniki Metro and will include the following stations:

The tender for the northwestern extension is expected to be completed by 2027.[50]

Line 2 (extension to Makedonia Airport)

Topographic works, geological and geotechnical studies are currently being tendered for the project.[43] This extension will start from and will continue to the south, with an underground part from Mikra to ASP (Higher School of War), an overground part to Georgikis Scholi Avenue and another overground part from IKEA to the airport.[51] The overground parts of the line will probably stand at a height of 5 meters and on a bridge in order to avoid further delays due to possible archaeological finds. Tendering for the main project will take place in late 2024.[52]

The stations of the extension will be:

Line 1 (extension to Thermi)

Line 1 will be extended further to Thermi from Patriarchiko, with only one station currently planned.

Line 3 (Ano Evosmos – Harilaou/Pylaia)

On May 20, 2024, projected Line 3 was officially announced, as connection of the western with the northeastern districts of the city has been deemed necessary. Line 3 will run under Tsimiski avenue and parallel to Line 1, which will eventually meet at University station. However, from that station, it will head northeast.

The stations of Line 3 will be:

Line 2 is further projected to include extensions to KTEL Macedonia and Kordelio. Breaking from the Ampelokipi station, this extension will include the following stations:

Operations

thumb|The first Thessaloniki Metro driverless train departing the depot for its trials, in September 2020.

Automation

The Thessaloniki Metro is of GoA4 category,[59] the first of its kind in Greece, as starting, stopping, and the operation of doors is fully automated without any on train staff.

Stations, depot and rolling stock

See also: List of Thessaloniki Metro stations and Pylaia depot. All stations were designed with platform screen doors for maximum protection, while the trains are driverless. Eighteen Hitachi Rail Italy Driverless Metro units will be in service on Line 1, and 15 on Line 2. The articulated, four-car trains are 50m (160feet) long.[60] They have seating for 96 passengers and standing room for 370 more. The trains use 750 V DC third rail electrification, while tracks have been laid to the standard gauge of 1435abbr=onNaNabbr=on. A carriage was on display at the September 2018 Thessaloniki International Fair before trial runs in 2019.[61] As of August 2019 two complete train sets have been delivered to the depot, with an additional train set expected every 2 to 3 months.[62] The system's level of automation has prompted Attiko Metro to call it "the most modern metro in Europe".

A 50000sqm depot was constructed with the intention of serving both lines, with a total built-up area of 120000sqm and a total cost of €130.5 million ($ million).[63] Apart from being the system's automated remote control command centre, the complex also houses the offices of Elliniko Metro, the Thessaloniki Transport Authority (TheTA), and the Thessaloniki Metro operating company, as well as railway stock maintenance facilities, two restaurants, and a crèche.[64] [65] It is expected that the development of the depot will attract investment to the area, and there have been calls to make provisions for a passenger station at the depot. The depot complex is expected to be finished in May 2019.

Fares and park and ride

As part of the initial design, 3,700 park and ride parking spaces were created – 1,050 spaces at, 650 spaces, and a further 2,000 at, the system's halfway point serving Greece's largest university. Additional parking will be created at, the terminus of Line 2.[66]

Elliniko Metro conducted a 2005 survey to determine Thessaloniki residents' preferred fare for the metro compared to the standard price of a Thessaloniki Urban Transport Organization (OASTH) bus ticket (€0.50 at the time). Of the 400 respondents, 47.6 percent said that they were willing to pay the same price and 48.1 percent said they would pay more. Of the latter, 19.9 percent said that they would pay €0.60; 19.6 percent would pay €0.70, and 8.6 percent would be willing to pay €1.00 (double the cost of a bus ticket).[67] The remaining 4.7 percent responded with another fare. A standard 2023 single-trip OASTH bus ticket is €0.90, or €0.45 with a discount.[68]

Thessaloniki Metro utilises an electronic card ticketing system as well as fare gates,[69] a system not originally implemented on the Athens Metro. In October 2024 it was reported that there was concern the ticketing system might not be ready on time for the opening on 30 November, due to the Thessaloniki Transport Authority not initiating the procurement process on time.[70] The company attempted to bypass procurement requirements claiming extraordinary circumstances but the Court of Audit ruled this illegal, saying that the opening date of the metro was not an extraordinary circumstance, and that the size of the order (2.7 million paper tickets and 100,000 plastic cards) necessitated a public invitation to tender.

In November 2024 it was announced that a typical ticket will cost €0.90, but the cost will be reduced to €0.60 for the first six months of the system's operations.[71] A monthly ticket will cost €16, compared to €27 for a monthly bus pass for the city's bus network. This makes Thessaloniki Metro one of the most affordable means of public transport in Europe and the world according to data compiled by Compare the Market Australia, and the cheapest among major cities in the Greek-speaking world.[72]

Brand Identity

In preparation for the start of operations on 30 November 2024, Minister of Infrastructure and Transport Christos Staikouras revealed the system's brand identity. The central design element is lowercase Greek letter M (μ), in the Greek miniscule style used to write Medieval Greek manuscripts, in reference to the city's Byzantine history.[73] Dark blue was chosen as the main brand colour, to symbolise stability. The SIL Open Font Commissioner was chosen for the word 'metro' in the logo, and for promotional materials and signage.

The logo attracted criticism both for its cost and its aesthetics, the latter particularly on social media due to its simplicity.[74] [75] [76] Elliniko Metro initiated two design competitions, with an initial prize of €8,000 ($), but both were cancelled and the contract was instead awarded directly to a company for €30,000 ($). The company retorted that the second competition was cancelled due to not being satisfied with the bids received (8 in total), eventually deciding to award the €30,000 prize money to a company directly in order for the visual identity to be ready on time,[77] while the Architects' Association of Thessaloniki accused the company of deliberately orchestrating the situation in order to give the contract to an "obscure start-up which did not even have a website at the time of its appointment",[78] a situation it described as "a sham process - at the expense of fellow architects and other related professionals (graphic designers, artists) and ultimately the local community" as part of a "long list of direct appointments". The spokesman of the Government of Greece described concerns around the brand's aesthetics as "legitimate", but otherwise defended both the design and the companies involved.[79]

In an examination of the metadata on the official branding presentation document published by Elliniko Metro, carried out by +Design Magazine, it was revealed that the document was not originally created by MnMS, the company that Elliniko Metro directly appointed to design the logo, but rather by Palladian, one of the companies which has submitted bids in the competition.[80] The two companies were previously based in the same building in Athens, raising further questions. Elliniko Metro amended the metadata five hours after the official unveiling of the logo, changing among others the name of the author, but had already disseminated the unaltered presentation to media outlets such as Naftemporiki.

Archaeology

A large number of important archaeological finds, primarily Roman and early Christian and Byzantine, have been discovered during the metro's construction. The project triggered the largest archaeological dig in northern Greek history, covering a 20sqkm area.[81] Between the new railway station and Sintrivani/Ekthesi, the metro runs below Egnatia Street (one of Thessaloniki's main arteries). Egnatia follows the Roman Via Egnatia, which connected Rome and Constantinople as one of the two most important roads in the Roman and Byzantine empires.[82] The portion of the Via Egnatia which passed through Thessaloniki was the city's Decumanus Maximus (main road), and runs below present-day Egnatia Street at 5.4m (17.7feet) below ground level.[83]

Although the location of the Via Egnatia in Thessaloniki was known when the metro line was planned, it was uncertain what else was buried nearby. The metro was planned to run at 8m (26feet) below ground, leaving only 2.6m (08.5feet) between it and the ancient road. The discovery of a Byzantine road at Venizelou station was a major archaeological find: 75m (246feet) of the marble-paved and column-lined road was unearthed, with shops, other buildings, and plumbing which one scholar called "the Byzantine Pompeii".[84] A crossroads, marked with a tetrapylon, was found at Venizelou where the Decumanus Maximus crossed a cardo (a north–south road). An additional 22m (72feet) of the same road was discovered at the station. Issues concerning archaeological finds and the display of artefacts in the metro system are more complex than similar issues surrounding the construction of the New Acropolis Museum.[85]

Other important discoveries included a headless statue of Aphrodite, fourth-century-AD mosaics, a golden wreath, a bath complex, urban villas, and 50,000 coins.[86] [87] [88] [89] Artifacts from the 1917 fire were also found.[90]

The discovery sparked controversy in Thessaloniki; Attiko Metro wanted to remove the antiquities and re-assemble them elsewhere, and the city's archaeological services wanted the company to alter the depth of the line and the station entrances. The city council sided with the archaeological services in 2015, three years after the metro was originally planned to begin service. Mayor Yiannis Boutaris took the case to the Council of State, Greece's highest administrative court.[91] Attiko Metro redesigned the line, sinking the tunnels to depths from 14mto31mm (46feetto102feetm) and providing for mini-museums in the stations similar to the Syntagma metro station in Athens (which houses the Syntagma Metro Station Archaeological Collection).[92] The Venizelou station will contain an open archaeological site, the world's first metro station to do so.

The archaeological excavations are currently budgeted at €132 million ($ million), compared with the original archaeological budget of €15 million ($ million), and employ 300 archaeologists. Over 300,000 artefacts have been unearthed to date. The archaeological work is being carried out by the Ministry of Culture and Sports' Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities and the Ephorate of Byzantine Antiquities.

In popular culture

In the past, Thessaloniki Metro was regularly being made the subject of a number of jokes in Greece due to its successive construction and operation delays.[93] [94] [95] [96] News satire websites joked about the situation on numerous occasions with stories such as "Thessaloniki Metro will operate on a 24-hour basis during the Christmas rush"[97] and "Thessaloniki Metro enters its 763rd day of strike",[98]

A fictionalised version of station (under the older name of Sintrivani/Ekthesi) was depicted in the film The Bricklayer, which was set in Thessaloniki, prior to the metro system becoming operational; this drew laughter from cinema audiences in the city.[99]

After operation of the metro system began on 30 November 2024, public and media focus shifted towards its proper use and maintenance.

See also

References

Sources

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 2024-11-22 . Αντίστροφη μέτρηση για το Μετρό της Θεσσαλονίκης - Αναλυτικός «χάρτης» με τους σταθμούς, τα εισιτήρια και τη διαδρομή . 2024-11-29 . ProtoThema . el.
  2. Web site: Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης: οι 5 νέοι σταθμοί – μουσεία & οι 2 νέοι αρχαιολογικοί χώροι . www.ypodomes.gr . 5 October 2024 . 26 November 2024 . Thessaloniki Metro: the 5 new museum-stations & the 2 new archaeological sites . Greek . Σε λίγους μήνες, αποδίδεται στην Θεσσαλονίκη, ο Μητροπολιτικός Σιδηρόδρομος [...]. . In a few months, the Metropolitan Railway is being delivered to Thessaloniki [...]..
  3. Book: Gerolympou, Alexandra . Η Ανοικοδόμηση της Θεσσαλονίκης Μετά την Πυρκαγιά του 1917 . The Rebuilding of Thessaloniki after the Great Fire of 1917 . Second . Aristotle University of Thessaloniki University Press . el . 1995.
  4. 11 June 1919 . The Rebuilding of Salonika . . London . The Architectural Press . 20 November 2024 . The plans of this scheme which have been finally prepared by Mr. Thomas H. Mawson, of London, include [...] two railway stations connected by an underground line [...]. . 440.
  5. Book: Mawson, Thomas Hayton . 1918 . Αἱ Ἀθῆναι τοῦ Μέλλοντος καὶ ἡ Θεσσαλονίκη της Αὔριον . The Athens of the Future and the Thessaloniki of Tomorrow . Athens . National Printing House . 22 November 2024 . Ἐπίσης διὰ πιθανὸν σταθμόν-τέρμα-διὰ μίαν νέαν γραμμὴν ἑνοῦσα τὸν κόλπον Μικροῦ μὲ τὸν κόλπον τοῦ Ὀρφανοῦ. Μεταξὺ τῶν δύο τούτων σταθμῶν προτείνεται ὑπόγειος ἠλεκτρικὸς σιδηρόδρομος ὑπὸ τὴν ὁδὸν Ἰγνατίου ἐπὶ τίνα ἀπόστασιν διὰ σήραγγος καὶ κατόπιν ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐδάφους. Ἡ γραμμὴ αὐτὴ ὑπολογίζεται ὅτι θὰ γείνη ἡ μεγάλη «Κεντρική της πόλεως» γραμμὴ ἡ ἐξυπηρετοῦσα τὴν μεταφορᾶν τῶν ἐπιβατῶν. . Also by a possible terminus station for a new line connecting the bay of Mikra to the bay of Orphanos. Between these two stations an underground electric railway is proposed under [Egnatia] street, for some length in a tunnel, thereafter at grade. This line is estimated to become the great "Central line" of the city, serving the transportation of passengers. . 10 . Greek.
  6. Web site: Πώς το σχέδιο Εμπράρ άλλαξε την εικόνα της Θεσσαλονίκης . https://web.archive.org/web/20180813210533/http://www.voria.gr/article/pos-to-schedio-emprar-allaxe-tin-ikona-tis-thessalonikis . 13 August 2018 . How the Hébrard plan changed the image of Thessaloniki . www.voria.gr . 10 August 2018 . el .
  7. Web site: Kaltsidi . Maria . 29 November 2024 . Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης: Από το 1918… στο 2024 – Ένα έργο που πέρασε από «χίλια μύρια κύματα» . Thessaloniki Metro: From 1918… to 2024 – A project that passed through "a thousand myriad waves" . www.ert.gr . . Greek.
  8. Profyllidis . Vasilios . 22 May 1987 . Οι προοπτικές κατασκευής δικτύου ελαφρύ μετρό στη Θεσσαλονίκη. Μελέτη των χωροταξικών, κυκλοφοριακών, και συγκοινωνιακών δεδομένων. Προτάσεις μιας κατ' αρχήν χάραξης ενός δικτύου ελαφρού μετρό και εκτίμηση του κόστους. Φάσεις μελέτης για μια ορθολογική προσέγγιση του προβλήματος. . Σιδηροτροχιά (Sidirotrochia - 'Railroad') . The prospects for the construction of a light metro network in Thessaloniki. Study of spatial, traffic and transportation data. Proposals for an in-principle design of a light metro network and cost estimation. Phases of study for a rational approach to the problem. . Athens . 20 November 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20241203095901/https://sfs.gr/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/%CE%A3%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%B9%CE%AC-%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%8D%CF%87%CE%BF%CF%82-2A-%CE%88%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%BF-%CE%9F%CE%BA%CF%84-1987.pdf . 3 December 2024.
  9. Web site: Κι όμως! Το ΜΕΤΡΟ Θεσσαλονίκης είναι έτοιμο (στα χαρτιά) από το 1987! . https://web.archive.org/web/20180817233820/https://www.karfitsa.gr/ki-omos-to-metro-thessalonikis-einai-et/ . 17 August 2018 . It's true! The Thessaloniki Metro was ready (on paper) in 1987 already! . www.karfitsa.gr . 29 February 2016 . 13 August 2018 . el.
  10. Web site: Γ. Μυλόπουλος: Όλοι οι σταθμοί του Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης έχουν ολοκληρωθεί κατασκευαστικά . https://web.archive.org/web/20180911044741/https://www.ypodomes.com/index.php/statheri-troxia/metro/thessalonikis/item/47781-g-mylopoulos-oloi-oi-stathmoi-tou-metro-thessalonikis-exooun-oloklirothei-kataskevastika . 11 September 2018 . el . G. Mylopoulos: construction on all Thessaloniki Metro stations has finished . 10 September 2018.
  11. Web site: Τον Δεκέμβριο του 2023 έτοιμο το Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης . Kathimerini . 3 December 2019 . 2019-12-30.
  12. Web site: New metro improves quality of life in Thessaloniki . www.ec.europa.eu . . en . 22 September 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180922001943/http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/projects/greece/new-metro-improves-quality-of-life-in-thessaloniki . 22 September 2018.
  13. Web site: Attiko Metro S.A. . Ιστορικό . https://web.archive.org/web/20180813044505/http://www.ametro.gr/?page_id=152 . 13 August 2018 . History . el . www.ametro.gr . 17 August 2018.
  14. Web site: "Φρένο" στη Μακεδονικό Μετρό από την Ε.Ε. . 24 January 2003 . www.tanea.gr . . el . The EU has put "the brakes" on Makedoniko Metro . https://web.archive.org/web/20180923162226/http://www.tanea.gr/2003/01/24/greece/freno-sti-makedoniko-metro-apo-tin-e-e/ . 23 September 2018 . 23 September 2018.
  15. Web site: Attiko Metro S.A. . Funding . https://web.archive.org/web/20180811232123/http://www.ametro.gr/?page_id=4216&lang=en . 11 August 2018 . www.ametro.gr . 5 June 2018.
  16. Web site: Χρηματοοικονομικές Καταστάσεις για τη χρήση που έληξε την 31 Δεκεμβρίου 2017 . 31 December 2017 . www.ametro.gr . Attiko Metro . 9 . el . Annual Financial Statements for the Year Ending on 31 December 2017.
  17. Web site: Χρηματοδότηση – ΑΤΤΙΚΟ ΜΕΤΡΟ Α.Ε. . 2019-08-03 . www.ametro.gr . Attiko Metro . el . Funding – Attiko Metro . https://web.archive.org/web/20190803023942/https://www.ametro.gr/?page_id=172 . 2019-08-03 . 2019-08-17.
  18. Web site: The first Metro network with ancient monuments . https://web.archive.org/web/20180911225231/https://yougoculture.com/news/first-metro-network-ancient-monuments . 11 September 2018 . 16 March 2018 . www.yougoculture.com . . en . 11 September 2018.
  19. Web site: Attiko Metro S.A. . THESSALONIKI METRO: The Metromole activities have come to an end . https://web.archive.org/web/20180830074049/http://www.ametro.gr/?p=10918&lang=en . 30 August 2018 . www.ametro.gr . 30 August 2018.
  20. Web site: THESSALONIKI METRO: "The Metro in our City" – ΑΤΤΙΚΟ ΜΕΤΡΟ Α.Ε.. 12 November 2018. www.ametro.gr. en-US. https://web.archive.org/web/20181123144822/https://www.ametro.gr/?p=14195&lang=en. 23 November 2018. 23 November 2018.
  21. Web site: Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης: Ανατροπή με λειτουργία το 2020 σε όλη τη γραμμή από το Νέο Σιδηροδρομικό Σταθμό μέχρι Νέα Ελβετία - ypodomes.com. Karagiannis. Nikos. 8 November 2018. www.ypodomes.gr. el-gr. Thessaloniki Metro: Operational in 2020 on the entire line from the New Railway Station to Nea Elvetia. https://web.archive.org/web/20181123145310/https://www.ypodomes.com/index.php/statheri-troxia/metro/thessalonikis/item/49780-metro-thessalonikis-anatropi-me-leitourgia-apo-to-telos-tou-2020-apo-to-neo-sidirodromiko-stathmo-mexri-nea-elvetia. 23 November 2018. 23 November 2018.
  22. Web site: Εξοπλισμένες με θύρες ασφαλείας οι αποβάθρες των σταθμών του Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης . 12 February 2019 . www.ypodomes.com . el-gr . The Thessaloniki Metro platforms are equipped with safety doors . 18 March 2019.
  23. Web site: Καραμανλής: Τέλος του 2022 με αρχές 2023 έτοιμο το μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης . 5 September 2019 . Καραμανλής: Τέλος του 2022 με αρχές 2023 έτοιμο το μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης . voria.gr . el . Karamanlis: The Thessaloniki Metro will be ready between the end of 2022 and the beginning of 2023 . 13 September 2019.
  24. Web site: Καραμανλής: Αρχές του 2023 θα είναι έτοιμο το μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης . Kokkaliari . Katerina . 10 September 2019 . www.euro2day.gr . el . Karamanlis: The Thessaloniki Metro will be ready between the end of 2022 and the beginning of 2023 . 13 September 2019.
  25. Web site: Καραμανλής: Στις αρχές του 2023 θα είναι έτοιμο το Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης - Σύγκρουση για τα αρχαία στη Βουλή . Karavokyri . Anna . 10 September 2019 . www.dikaiologitika.gr . el-GR . Karamanlis: The Thessaloniki Metro will be ready between the end of 2022 and the beginning of 2023 . 13 September 2019.
  26. Web site: Στα δικαστήρια (ξανά) για τα αρχαία του σταθμού ΒΕΝΙΖΕΛΟΥ . Karagiannis . Nikos . 11 September 2019 . www.ypodomes.gr . el . To court (again) over the antiquities at Venizelou . 13 September 2019.
  27. Web site: Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης: Ο γρίφος του σταθμού Βενιζέλου . Ioannidis . Sakis . 12 September 2019 . 14 September 2019 . . el . Thessaloniki Metro: The puzzle of Venizelou station . www.kathimerini.gr.
  28. Web site: Για πρώτη φορά οι βυζαντινολόγοι της υφηλίου παίρνουν θέση υπέρ της διάσωσης των αρχαίων της Βενιζέλου . 22 April 2020 . www.parallaximag.gr . el, en . For the first time the Byzantinologists of the world take a stand in favour of the rescue of the antiquities at Venizelou . 22 April 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200422182025/https://parallaximag.gr/epikairotita/gia-proti-fora-oi-vyzantinologoi-tis-yfiliou-pairnoun-thesi-yper-tis-diasosis-ton-archaion-tis-venizelou . 22 April 2020.
  29. Zoumpoulis . Dimitrios . Demertzidis . Ypatios . Palantzas . Georgios . Nalmpantis . Dimitrios . 2024 . Thessaloniki Metro: Public satisfaction in relation to the progress of the construction works . E3S Web of Conferences . en . 585 . 12005 . 10.1051/e3sconf/202458512005 . 2024E3SWC.58512005Z . 2267-1242.
  30. Papagiannakis . Apostolos . Yiannakou . Athena . January 2022 . Do Citizens Understand the Benefits of Transit-Oriented Development? Exploring and Modeling Community Perceptions of a Metro Line under Construction in Thessaloniki, Greece . Sustainability . en . 14 . 12 . 7043 . 10.3390/su14127043 . free . 2071-1050.
  31. Web site: Καραγιάννης: Η Θεσσαλονίκη θα έχει μετρό στα τέλη του 2023 . 2022-10-10 . www.kathimerini.gr. 4 September 2022 .
  32. News: After 18 Years Construction, Thessaloniki's Metro Will Open in 2024 . 9 November 2023 . The National Herald . October 5, 2023.
  33. Web site: 2024-08-27 . PM pledges Thessaloniki metro delivery on November 30 . 2024-08-28 . Kathimerini . English.
  34. Web site: Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης: το απόγευμα της 30ης Νοεμβρίου ανοίγουν τις πύλες τους οι 13 σταθμοί – Στα 3 δισ. ευρώ το κόστος . 22 April 2020 . www.ypodomes.com . Greek . Thessaloniki Metro: the 13 stations open their gates at noon on 30 November – cost at 3 billion euro . 20 November 2024.
  35. Web site: 2024-11-14 . Thessaloniki Metro Unveils New Logo . 2024-11-14 . www.tovima.com . English.
  36. Web site: 30 November 2024 . Greece's second largest city gets new metro - and it took 38 years to build . 30 November 2024 . Euronews.
  37. Web site: Manthiopoulou . Maria . 28 November 2024 . Πώς η Θεσσαλονίκη ετοιμάζεται να υποδεχθεί -υπό βροχή;- το μετρό . How Thessaloniki plans to welcome -under rain?- the metro . www.voria.gr . Greek.
  38. Web site: Η κακοκαιρία bora χτύπησε και το μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης . Storm Bora hit Thessaloniki Metro too . 3 December 2024 . www.makthes.gr . . Greek . 30 November 2024.
  39. Web site: 3 December 2024 . Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης: Εκτός λειτουργίας οι ανελκυστήρες . Thessaloniki Metro: Elevators are out of order . www.tovima.gr . To Vima.
  40. Web site: 2 December 2024 . Με ελεγχόμενη είσοδο το Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης – Παραμένουν ασφυκτικά γεμάτοι οι συρμοί . Controlled entry at Thessaloniki Metro – Trains remain suffocatingly crowded . www.parallaximag.gr . Parallaxi Magazine . Greek.
  41. Web site: Η Συνέντευξη τoυ Γιάννη Μυλόπουλου για το Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης . https://web.archive.org/web/20180812213150/https://www.ypodomes.com/index.php/statheri-troxia/metro/thessalonikis/item/38724-simera-stis-11-30-live-synentefksi-sto-facebook-o-giannis-mylopoulos-gia-to-metro-thessalonikis . 12 August 2018 . www.ypodomes.gr . 12 August 2018 . Giannis Mylopoulos' interview about the Thessaloniki Metro.
  42. Web site: Τοπογραφικές μελέτες για την επέκταση του Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης προς Αεροδρόμιο "Μακεδονία" . 18 March 2019 . Attiko Metro . el . Topographical studies for the extension of the Thessaloniki Metro to the "Makedonia" Airport. 21 March 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190321000434/https://www.ametro.gr/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/AM_19.03.2019_RFP_354_19_Perilipsi.pdf . 21 March 2019.
  43. https://ypodomes.com/tachiaos-epektaseis-sti-thesaloniki-eos-to-2035/ Tachiaos: We will have projects for the Thessaloniki metro until 2035
  44. https://www.ametro.gr/?page_id=167 PHASE 1 OF THESSALONIKI METRO EXTENSIONS, EXTENSION TO EVOSMOS & STAVROUPOLI, ametro.gr
  45. Web site: Projects worth billions are promoted in the metro . 2019-02-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190515125602/https://www.economistas.gr/oikonomia/8210_erga-disekatommyrion-proothoyntai-sto-metro . 2019-05-15 . dead .
  46. Web site: The design for the extensions of Thessaloniki Metro until 2040. 2024-05-20. Athens Transport. el. 2024-05-20.
  47. Web site: Metro Thessaloniki: 2 new lines in the plans until 2040 . 2024-05-20. Ypodomes.com. en. 2024-05-20.
  48. http://parallaximag.gr/thessaloniki/aftoi-einai-oi-proteinomenoi-neoi-stathmoi- metro-tis-dytikis-thessalonikis These are the proposed new metro stations of western Thessaloniki
  49. This position will be met with the Lagadas station of the suburban train.
  50. https://www.makthes.gr/imerida-mtk-kai-makthes-nikos-tachiaos-i-makedonia-den-kindyneyei-apo-plimmyres-typoy-ntaniel-687265 Δημοπράτηση της επέκτασης του Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης, βορειοδυτικά, ως το 2027
  51. http://www.kathimerini.gr/959286/article/epikairothta/ellada/eniaia-kyklikh-grammh-proteinei-h-attiko-metro-gia-th-8essalonikh Single circular line proposed by the Attiko Metro for Thessaloniki
  52. https://www.ypodomes.com/index.php/statheri-troxia/metro/thessalonikis/item/51852-ntempoyto-gia-tin-epektasi-tou-metro-thessalonikis-sto-aerodromio-makedonia "Debut" for the extension of the Thessaloniki Metro to Macedonia Airport
  53. Web site: THESSALONIKI METRO – See the complete network (route and stops) . 2018-04-30 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160324232137/http://www.press-news.gr/metro-thessalonikis-dite-to-plires-diktio/#_ . 2016-03-24 . dead .
  54. https://www.ametro.gr/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/AM_19.03.2019_RFP_354_19_sxedio_prosartimatos_texnika_dedomena.pdf RFP-354/19 – "TOPOGRAPHIC STUDIES FOR THE EXTENSION OF THE THESSALONIKI METRO TO THE AIRPORT" MACEDONIA""
  55. The railway line Thessaloniki-Mikra (Nikis-L. Stratou-Papanastasiou-Kanaris-Anaximandrou) passed through the ASP, information Michalis Tremopoulos, former MEP and historian of Thessaloniki's transport.
  56. Terminal of the railway of the Thessaloniki-Mikras line that was operated from 2-2-1917 by the French during World War I for military needs (The railways in the Northern Hellenistic area p.78-81)
  57. http://mixanikosose.blogspot.gr/2017/09/blog-post.html?m=1 Saturday, September 9, 2017 See photos of the Thessaloniki metro carriage at the Thessaloniki exhibition
  58. [:el:%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B7#/media/File:Metro of Thessaloniki.png|The planned Casino Regency station between Geoponiki and Airport is not included]
  59. Web site: Καραγιάννης . Νίκος . 2023-11-27 . Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης: "Τσεκ" από Κομισιόν για έργα και διαγωνισμό συντήρησης-λειτουργίας . 2023-11-28 . Ypodomes.com . el.
  60. Web site: Salonicco . https://web.archive.org/web/20180911081809/http://italy.hitachirail.com/en/salonicco_451.html . 11 September 2018 . . en . 11 September 2018.
  61. Web site: Αυτό είναι το πρώτο βαγόνι του Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης . https://web.archive.org/web/20180911044533/https://www.ypodomes.com/index.php/statheri-troxia/metro/thessalonikis/item/48619-afto-einai-to-proto-vagoni-tou-metro-thessalonikis . 11 September 2018 . el . This is the first carriage of the Thessaloniki Metro . 10 September 2018.
  62. Web site: Στη Θεσσαλονίκη έφτασε και δεύτερος συρμός Μετρό . 2019-08-02 . www.ypodomes.gr . el . The second train set has arrived in Thessaloniki . 2019-08-08.
  63. Web site: Το εντυπωσιακό αμαξοστάσιο του μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης στην Πυλαία επισκέφθηκε ο Χρ. Σπίρτζης . Kokolakos . Vaggelis . 13 September 2017 . www.thestival.gr . el-GR . Christos Spirtzis visited the impressive depot of the Thessaloniki Metro in Pylaia . https://web.archive.org/web/20181231100756/http://www.thestival.gr/society/item/334864-%CF%84%CE%BF-%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%85%CF%80%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C-%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF-%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85-%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CF%8C-%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%82-%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD-%CF%80%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%B1-%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%86%CE%B8%CE%B7%CE%BA%CE%B5-%CE%BF-%CF%87%CF%81-%CF%83%CF%80%CE%AF%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%B7%CF%82-%CF%86%CF%89%CF%84%CE%BF-video . 31 December 2018 . 4 January 2019.
  64. Web site: Tο Αμαξοστάσιο του Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης γίνεται το νέο εμβληματικό κτίριο της πόλης . Karagiannis . Nikos . 12 March 2018 . www.ypodomes.com . el-gr . The Thessaloniki Metro depot is turning into the most emblematic building in the city . https://web.archive.org/web/20190104125908/https://www.ypodomes.com/index.php/statheri-troxia/metro/thessalonikis/item/45779-to-amaksostasio-tou-metro-thessalonikis-ginetai-to-neo-emvlimatiko-ktirio-tis-polis . 4 January 2019 . 4 January 2019.
  65. Web site: Στην Πυλαία βρίσκεται η καρδιά του Μετρό της Θεσσαλονίκης . 27 April 2018 . www.parallaximag.gr . el . The heart of the Thessaloniki Metro is in Pylaia . 4 January 2019.
  66. Web site: Attiko Metro S.A. . Extension to Kalamaria . www.ametro.gr . 17 August 2018.
  67. Book: Brebbia, C. A. . Urban Transport XIV: Urban Transport and the Environment in the 21st Century . 2008 . WIT Press . 9781845641238 . 6 . English.
  68. Web site: Κόμιστρα . Fares . 18 February 2023 . oasth.gr . . Greek.
  69. Ο πρώτος σταθμός του μετρό της Θεσσαλονίκης . 28 December 2018 . Video . Greek. . The first Thessaloniki Metro station . https://web.archive.org/web/20190121233004/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tNO9ledXCKU . 21 January 2019.
  70. Web site: Long-delayed launch of Thessaloniki Metro threatened by ticketing fiasco . Konstantina . Konti . 1 October 2024 . www.ekathimerini.gr . . 14 November 2024.
  71. Web site: Government announces lower ticket prices to boost use of new Thessaloniki metro . 5 November 2024 . www.ekathimerini.gr . . 14 November 2024.
  72. Web site: Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης: Mια από τις πιο προσιτές επιλογές στις δημόσιες μεταφορές στην Ελλάδα . Thessaloniki Metro: One of the most affordable choices in Greek public transport . 29 November 2024 . 27 November 2024 . www.economista.gr . Greek.
  73. Web site: Εφαρμογή Οπτικής Ταυτότητας Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης . Brand Identity Applications of the Thessaloniki Metro . November 2024 . 14 November 2024 . Elliniko Metro . Greek.
  74. Web site: Ο διαγωνισμός είχε αμοιβή 8.000 για το λογότυπο - Το έδωσαν με 30.000 απευθείας σε εταιρεία . The compatition had an 8,000 reward for the logo - They appointed it directly to a company for 30,000 . 14 November 2024 . www.avgi.gr . . 14 November 2024 . Greek.
  75. Web site: ΛΟΓΟΤΥΠΟ ΜΕΤΡΟ: H γραφιστική κοινότητα εμβρόντητη σχολιάζει . METRO LOGO: The graphic design community comments in awe . 14 November 2024 . www.parallaximag.gr . Parallaxi Magazine . 14 November 2024 . Greek.
  76. Web site: Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης: Το «μ» που έσωσε ένα διαγωνισμό και δίχασε μια ολόκληρη πόλη . Thessaloniki Metro: The "μ" that saved a competition and divided an entire city . Dimitris . Rigopoulos . 14 November 2024 . www.kathimerini.gr . . 14 November 2024 . Greek.
  77. Web site: Η ανακοίνωση της εταιρείας Ελληνικό Μετρό για το λογότυπο του μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης . The Elliniko Metro Announcement regarding the Thessaloniki Metro logo . 14 November 2024 . www.protothema.gr . . 14 November 2024 . Greek.
  78. Web site: Μεθοδεύσεις για το λογότυπο του Μετρό καταγγέλλει ο Σύλλογος Αρχιτεκτόνων Θεσσαλονίκης . The Architects' Association of Thessaloniki denounces machinations regarding the Metro logo . 14 November 2024 . www.voria.gr . 14 November 2024 . Greek.
  79. Web site: Στην πολιτική συζήτηση ο λογότυπος του Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης . The Thessaloniki Metro logo in political discussions . 15 November 2024 . www.designmag.gr . 17 November 2024 . Greek . Θεμιτή η οποιαδήποτε αντίδραση κάποιου για ένα ζήτημα αισθητικής. Έχει βγάλει εμπεριστατωμένη ανάλυση η εταιρεία που το δημιούργησε. Και η εταιρεία του Μετρό που έκανε την ανάθεση. Είναι απολύτως σύννομα όλα. Είχαμε δύο διαφορετικές περιπτώσεις διαγωνισμών η μια κηρύχθηκε άγονη και οι άλλες υποψηφιότητες δεν μπορούσαν να σταθούν. Υπάρχει δικαιολόγηση από σχετική μελέτη. Δεν μπορώ να κάνω κάποιο άλλο σχόλιο. Το λογότυπο έχει μια σχετική φιλοσοφία. . Any person's reaction to an aesthetic issue is legitimate. The company that created it has done a thorough analysis. And the Metro company that made the appointment. It's all perfectly legal. We had two different cases of contests, one was declared fruitless and the other nominations could not stand. There is justification from a relevant study. I can't offer any further comment. The logo has a related philosophy..
  80. Web site: Ποιος πραγματικά «σχεδίασε» το λογότυπο του Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης; . Who really "designed" the Thessaloniki Metro logo? . 17 November 2024 . Nestoras . Kehagias . www.designmag.gr . 17 November 2024 . Greek.
  81. Web site: ΑΤΤΙΚΟ ΜΕΤΡΟ: "Το Μέτρο στη πόλη μας" με το πρώτο του βαγόνι. Συμμετοχή της Αττικό Μετρό Α.Ε. στην 83η Δ.Ε.Θ. . https://web.archive.org/web/20180909035429/http://www.ametro.gr/?p=13667 . 9 September 2018 . www.ametro.gr . el . Attiko Metro: "The Metro in our city" with the first carriage. The participation of Attiko Metro S.A. at the 83rd Thessaloniki International Fair . 8 September 2018.
  82. Book: Wang, George C. . The Utilization of Slag in Civil Infrastructure Construction . 24 June 2016 . Woodhead Publishing . 9780081003978 . 340 . en.
  83. Web site: . Ιστορίες: Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης . https://web.archive.org/web/20180813044008/http://www.skai.gr/player/TV/?mmid=305842 . 13 August 2018 . Stories: Thessaloniki Metro . www.skai.gr . 13 August 2018 . el.
  84. News: Giorgos Christides . 14 March 2013 . Thessaloniki metro: Ancient dilemma for modern Greece . www.bbc.co.uk . live . 13 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170915164845/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-21743758 . 15 September 2017.
  85. Zosia . Archibald . Morgan . Catherine . Smith . David M. . Murphy-Smith . Helen . Pitt . Robert . Papadopoulou . Chryssanthi . Marchand . Fabienne . Haysom . Matthew . Livarda . Alexandra . 2013 . Archaeology in Greece 20132014 . The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies . en . 9, 100 . 43187051 . Stewart . Daniel. 60 .
  86. Web site: Greece: subway construction unearths ancient Aphrodite statue and stunning mosaic floors . https://web.archive.org/web/20180911191459/https://www.newsweek.com/greece-subway-construction-unearths-ancient-aphrodite-statue-and-stunning-820252 . 11 September 2018 . 26 February 2018 . www.newsweek.com . . en . 11 September 2018.
  87. News: Thessaloniki subway dig unearths secrets of 'city under the city' . https://web.archive.org/web/20180911225129/https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/thessaloniki-subway-dig-unearths-secrets-of-city-under-the-city . 11 September 2018 . 28 April 2018 . . en . 11 September 2018.
  88. Web site: The Golden Wreaths of the Thessaloniki Metro Excavations . https://web.archive.org/web/20180911193205/https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/news/the-golden-wreaths-of-the-thessaloniki-metro-excavations/ . 11 September 2018 . 29 January 2013 . www.biblicalarchaeology.org . . en-US . 11 September 2018.
  89. Web site: Archaeologists unearth headless Aphrodite statue in Thessaloniki . https://web.archive.org/web/20180911191940/http://diaspora.parliament.gr/en-us/Newsletter/archaeologists-unearth-headless-aphrodite-statue-in-thessaloniki . 11 September 2018 . 22 February 2018 . www.diaspora.parliament.gr . . 11 September 2018.
  90. Web site: Θεσσαλονίκη: Ολα τα αρχαία που αναδύθηκαν μέσω… Μετρό. https://web.archive.org/web/20180909073924/https://www.protagon.gr/epikairotita/thessaloniki-ola-ta-arxaia-pou-anadythikan-mesw-metro-44341572063 . 9 September 2018 . www.protagon.gr . Thessaloniki: All the antiquities that surfaced via... the metro . el . 9 September 2018.
  91. Web site: Construction of Thessaloniki Metro to resume after agreement reached . https://web.archive.org/web/20180911191606/http://www.tovima.gr/2013/08/29/international/construction-of-thessaloniki-metro-to-resume-after-agreement-reached/ . 11 September 2018 . 29 August 2013 . www.tovima.gr . . 11 September 2018.
  92. Web site: Attiko Metro S.A. . Αρχαιολογικές ανασκαφές . https://web.archive.org/web/20180813043621/http://www.ametro.gr/?page_id=165 . 13 August 2018 . Archaeological excavations . www.ametro.gr . 13 August 2018 . el.
  93. Web site: Υπάρχουν τα μετρό…και το Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης! . 11 June 2016 . www.parallaximag.gr . el . There's metros... and then there's the Thessaloniki Metro . https://web.archive.org/web/20170612152228/http://parallaximag.gr/life/kosmos/sta-megalitera-metro-tou-kosmou . 12 June 2017 . 24 September 2018.
  94. Web site: ΟΑΣΘ – Θεσσαλονίκη: μία σχέση χυδαίας εξάρτησης . OASTH Thessaloniki: a relationship of gross dependency . Papadimitriou . Georgios . 24 September 2016 . www.typosthes.gr . el . https://web.archive.org/web/20161029085404/http://www.typosthes.gr/gr/topika/article/109715/oasth--thessaloniki-mia-shesi-hudaias-exartisis . 29 October 2016 . 24 September 2018 . live .
  95. Web site: Ήμουν Νιός και Γέρασα: Τριάντα Χρόνια Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης Χωρίς Μετρό στη Θεσσαλονίκη . Makrogiannelis . Giannis . 8 July 2016 . www.vice.gr . . el . I was Young and now I'm Old: Thirty Years of Thessaloniki Metro without a Metro in Thessaloniki . https://web.archive.org/web/20170914081119/https://www.vice.com/gr/article/4xynnm/metro-thessalonikis-30-years-lol-epic-fail-megalo-ergo . 14 September 2017 . 25 September 2018.
  96. Web site: Ένα χρόνο ακόμη έχουμε για να κάνουμε αστεία με το Μετρό της Θεσσαλονίκης . 30 March 2018 . www.luben.tv . Luben . el . We only have one more year left to make jokes about the Thessaloniki Metro . https://web.archive.org/web/20180925102715/https://luben.tv/stream/149040 . 25 September 2018 . 25 September 2018.
  97. Web site: Ως Χριστουγεννιάτικο χωριό θα λειτουργεί το Μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης για την περίοδο των εορτών . www.tokoulouri.com . 28 November 2017 . To Koulouri . https://web.archive.org/web/20180919080356/http://www.tokoulouri.com/economy/mpougatsa_me_kswtika/ . 19 September 2018 . 24 September 2018.
  98. Web site: Συνεχίζεται για 763η ημέρα η απεργία στο μετρό Θεσσαλονίκης . https://web.archive.org/web/20180112213252/http://www.tokoulouri.com/economy/metro_kleisto/ . www.tokoulouri.com . 27 September 2016 . To Koulouri . 12 January 2018 . 24 September 2018 . live .
  99. Web site: Theodoridou . Eleni . Καταδίωξη στην Άνω Πόλη και Μετρό σε λειτουργία - Πόση Θεσσαλονίκη έχει τελικά το «The Bricklayer»; . Pursuit in Ano Poli and an operational Metro - How much Thessaloniki is there really in The Bricklayer? . 2 December 2024 . 26 January 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240207190656/https://www.makthes.gr/katadioksi-stin-ano-poli-kai-metro-se-leitoyrghia-posi-thessaloniki-echei-telika-to-the-bricklayer-686820 . 7 February 2024. Greek . www.makthes.gr . . Τέλος, χαρακτηριστική είναι η σκηνή που οι ηθοποιοί μπήκαν υποτίθεται στο μετρό της Θεσσαλονίκης όπου το κοινό, δικαιολογημένα, δεν μπόρεσε να κρατηθεί και ξέσπασε σε γέλια.. Finally, the scene where the actors entered the Thessaloniki Metro is typical, at which point the audience, justifiably, could not hold back and burst out laughing..

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