Theropithecus oswaldi explained

Theropithecus oswaldi is an extinct species of Theropithecus from the early to middle Pleistocene of Kenya, Ethiopia, Tanzania, South Africa, Spain, Morocco and Algeria.[1] The species went extinct in South Africa around 1.0 Ma.[2] Having existed alongside hominins like Homo erectus, it is likely that conflict with early humans played a role in their extinction as a site has been found with many juveniles butchered.[3] [4]

Description

It is remarkable for its large size compared to other Old World monkeys. One source projects a specimen of Theropithecus oswaldi to have weighed . Postcranial fossils found of this species are much greater in size than extant papionins, including the mandrill.[5]

Palaeoecology

According to δ13C values from fossils of the species from Swartkrans, it was a specialised grazer.[6] A dental microwear study based on fossils from the Omo Valley suggests that the diet of T. oswaldi, like that of the modern day gelada, consisted primarily of the aerial parts of herbaceous monocots and dicots.[7] T. oswaldi fossils are also known from Elandsfontein,[8] where they subsided on diets mainly composed of C3 plants as both browsers and grazers.[9]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: The Paleobiology Database . 11 August 2013.
  2. Faith, J.T., 2014. Late Pleistocene and Holocene mammal extinctions on continental Africa. Earth-Science Reviews 128: 105-121
  3. Shipman. Pat. Bosler. Wendy. June 1981. Butchering of Giant Geladas at an Acheulian Site. Current Anthropology. 22. 257–288. 10.1086/202663 . 2742201 . 87006937 . JSTOR.
  4. Getahun, D. A., Delson, E., & Seyoum, C. M. (2023). A review of Theropithecus oswaldi with the proposal of a new subspecies. Journal of human evolution, 180, 103373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103373
  5. Geraads. Denis. de Bonis. Louis. 6 Feb 2020. First record of Theropithecus (Cercopithecidae) from the Republic of Djibouti.. Journal of Human Evolution. 138. 102686 . 10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.102686 . 31759254 . 208254366 . free. 2020JHumE.13802686G .
  6. van der Merwe . Nikolaas J. . Thackeray . J.Francis . Lee-Thorp . Julia A. . Luyt . Julie . May 2003 . The carbon isotope ecology and diet of Australopithecus africanus at Sterkfontein, South Africa . . en . 44 . 5 . 581–597 . 10.1016/S0047-2484(03)00050-2 . 7 September 2024 . Elsevier Science Direct.
  7. Merceron . Gildas . Kallend . Auria . Francisco . Arthur . Louail . Margot . Martin . Florian . Plastiras . Christos-Alexandros . Thiery . Ghislain . Boisserie . Jean-Renaud . 15 June 2021 . Further away with dental microwear analysis: Food resource partitioning among Plio-Pleistocene monkeys from the Shungura Formation, Ethiopia . . en . 572 . 110414 . 10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110414 . 7 September 2024 . Elsevier Science Direct.
  8. Forrest . Frances L. . Stynder . Deano D. . Bishop . Laura C. . Levin . Naomi E. . Lehmann . Sophie B. . Patterson . David B. . Matthews . Thalassa . Braun . David R. . February 2018 . Zooarchaeological reconstruction of newly excavated Middle Pleistocene deposits from Elandsfontein, South Africa . . en . 17 . 19–29 . 10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.10.034 . 10 September 2024 . Elsevier Science Direct.
  9. Lehmann . Sophie B. . Braun . David R. . Dennis . Kate J. . Patterson . David B. . Stynder . Deano D. . Bishop . Laura C. . Forrest . Frances . Levin . Naomi E. . 1 September 2016 . Stable isotopic composition of fossil mammal teeth and environmental change in southwestern South Africa during the Pliocene and Pleistocene . . en . 457 . 396–408 . 10.1016/j.palaeo.2016.04.042 . 10 September 2024 . Elsevier Science Direct.

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