Thermococcus barophilus explained

Thermococcus barophilus is a piezophilic and hyperthermophilic archaeon isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent. It is anaerobic and sulfur-metabolising, with type strain MP^T.^[1]

Nomenclature

The name Thermococcus barophilus has Greek roots, thermo for heat, kokkos for the spherical cells, baros for weight, and philos for loving. Overall, the name means "organism with a spherical body that gravitates to heat and to the pressure of the water column."^[2]

Physiology

T. barophilus can grow at even higher temperatures if the pressure is high, as well. At an atmospheric pressure, it can grow at temperatures of 45–90 °C, with an optimal temperature of 85 °C, but it can grow at temperatures as high as 100 °C if the hydrostatic pressure is 15.0–17.5 MPa. Sulfur is necessary for its growth, but it can also grow slowly in absence of sulfur. Membrane lipid has a major archaeol component.^[3]

Genome

The genome of T. barophilus has been sequenced and is circular in nature with a size of 2,010,078bp. It has also a circular plasmid pTBMP1. The genome sequence shows that it has the carboxydotrophic pathway and bears seven different hydrogenase complexes.^[4]

Transcriptome

The transcriptome analysis of this organism has also been done. It has been found that, 378 genes are differentially expressed in T. barophilus under different pressure conditions. Genes related to energy production and conversion, inorganic ion transport and metabolism and crabohydrate transport and metabolism are upregulated. Genes which are downregulated are involved in amino acid transport and metabolism, nucleotide transport and metabolism, replication and repair and recombination and inorganic ion transport and metabolism.^[5]

Further reading

• Thiel. A.. Michoud. G.. Moalic. Y.. Flament. D.. Jebbar. M.. Genetic Manipulations of the Hyperthermophilic Piezophilic Archaeon Thermococcus barophilus. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 80. 7. 2014. 2299–2306. 0099-2240. 10.1128/AEM.00084-14. 24487541. 3993132. 2014ApEnM..80.2299T .
• Marteinsson. V. T.. Reysenbach. A. -L.. Birrien. J. -L.. Prieur. D.. A stress protein is induced in the deep-sea barophilic hyperthermophile Thermococcus barophilus when grown under atmospheric pressure. Extremophiles. 3. 4. 1999. 277–282. 1431-0651. 10.1007/s007920050128. 10591019. 19414485.
• Vannier. Pauline. Complete Genome Sequence of the Hyperthermophilic, Piezophilic, Heterotrophic, and Carboxydotrophic Archaeon Thermococcus barophilus MP. Journal of Bacteriology. Mar 2011. 193. 6. 1481–2. 10.1128/JB.01490-10. 4 November 2014. 21217005. 3067617.
• Book: Thermophilic Microbes in Environmental and Industrial Biotechnology: Biotechnology of Thermophiles . 2013 . Springer Netherlands . 978-94-007-5898-8 . Satyanarayana . Tulasi . Dordrecht . en . 10.1007/978-94-007-5899-5 . 82088128 . Littlechild . Jennifer . Kawarabayasi . Yutaka.

External links

• • LPSN
• Type strain of Thermococcus barophilus at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Notes and References

1. Marteinsson. V. T.. Birrien. J.-L.. Reysenbach. A.-L.. Vernet. M.. Marie. D.. Gambacorta. A.. Messner. P.. Sleytr. U. B.. Prieur. D.. Thermococcus barophilus sp. nov., a new barophilic and hyperthermophilic archaeon isolated under high hydrostatic pressure from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 49. 2. 1999. 351–359. 0020-7713. 10.1099/00207713-49-2-351. 10319455. free.
2. Book: David R. Boone. Richard W. Castenholz. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 1. 2nd. Springer Science & Business Media. 344. 2012-01-13. 2016-09-23. 978-0387216096.
3. Marteinsson . V. T. . Birrien . J. L. . Reysenbach . A. L. . Vernet . M. . Marie . D. . Gambacorta . A. . Messner . P. . Sleytr . U. B. . Prieur . D. . April 1999 . Thermococcus barophilus sp. nov., a new barophilic and hyperthermophilic archaeon isolated under high hydrostatic pressure from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent . International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology . 49 Pt 2 . 2 . 351–359 . 10.1099/00207713-49-2-351 . 0020-7713 . 10319455. free .
4. Vannier . Pauline . Marteinsson . Viggo Thor . Fridjonsson . Olafur Hedinn . Oger . Philippe . Jebbar . Mohamed . March 2011 . Complete genome sequence of the hyperthermophilic, piezophilic, heterotrophic, and carboxydotrophic archaeon Thermococcus barophilus MP . Journal of Bacteriology . 193 . 6 . 1481–1482 . 10.1128/JB.01490-10 . 1098-5530 . 3067617 . 21217005.
5. Vannier . Pauline . Michoud . Grégoire . Oger . Philippe . Marteinsson . Viggó Þór . Jebbar . Mohamed . November 2015 . Genome expression of Thermococcus barophilus and Thermococcus kodakarensis in response to different hydrostatic pressure conditions . Research in Microbiology . 166 . 9 . 717–725 . 10.1016/j.resmic.2015.07.006 . 1769-7123 . 26239966. free .