See main article: Thermal expansion.
μm · m-1 · K-1 | ||
---|---|---|
< | -- 3 Li --> 3 Li lithium | |
use | 46 | |
CRC | 46 | |
LNG | 46 | |
WEL | 46 | |
< | -- 4 Be --> 4 Be beryllium | |
use | 11.3 | |
CRC | 11.3 | |
LNG | 11.3 | |
WEL | 11.3 | |
< | -- 5 B --> 5 B boron | |
use | 5 - 7 | |
LNG | 5 - 7 | |
WEL | 6 | |
< | -- 6 C --> 6 C carbon | |
use | ||
WEL | 7.1 | |
< | -- 11 Na --> 11 Na sodium | |
use | 71 | |
CRC | 71 | |
LNG | 71 | |
WEL | 71 | |
< | -- 12 Mg --> 12 Mg magnesium | |
use | 24.8 | |
CRC | 24.8 | |
LNG | 24.8 | |
WEL | 8.2 | |
< | -- 13 Al --> 13 Al aluminium | |
use | 23.1 | |
CRC | 23.1 | |
LNG | 23.1 | |
WEL | 23.1 | |
< | -- 14 Si --> 14 Si silicon | |
use | 2.6 | |
WEL | 2.6 | |
< | -- 19 K --> 19 K potassium | |
use | 83.3 | |
CRC | 83.3 | |
< | -- 20 Ca --> 20 Ca calcium | |
use | 22.3 | |
CRC | 22.3 | |
LNG | 22.3 | |
WEL | 22.3 | |
< | -- 21 Sc --> 21 Sc scandium | |
use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.2 | |
CRC | 10.2 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 7.6 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 15.3 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.2 | |
LNG | 10.2 | |
WEL | 10.2 | |
< | -- 22 Ti --> 22 Ti titanium | |
use | 8.6 | |
CRC | 8.6 | |
LNG | 8.6 | |
WEL | 8.6 | |
< | -- 23 V --> 23 V vanadium | |
use | 8.4 | |
CRC | 8.4 | |
LNG | 8.4 | |
WEL | 8.4 | |
< | -- 24 Cr --> 24 Cr chromium | |
use | 4.9 | |
CRC | 4.9 | |
LNG | 4.9 | |
WEL | 4.9 | |
< | -- 25 Mn --> 25 Mn manganese | |
use | 21.7 | |
CRC | 21.7 | |
LNG | 21.7 | |
WEL | 21.7 | |
< | -- 26 Fe --> 26 Fe iron | |
use | 11.8 | |
CRC | 11.8 | |
LNG | 11.8 | |
WEL | 11.8 | |
< | -- 27 Co --> 27 Co cobalt | |
use | 13.0 | |
CRC | 13.0 | |
LNG | 13.0 | |
WEL | 13.0 | |
< | -- 28 Ni --> 28 Ni nickel | |
use | 13.4 | |
CRC | 13.4 | |
LNG | 13.4 | |
WEL | 13.4 | |
< | -- 29 Cu --> 29 Cu copper | |
use | 16.5 | |
CRC | 16.5 | |
LNG | 16.5 | |
WEL | 16.5 | |
< | -- 30 Zn --> 30 Zn zinc | |
use | 30.2 | |
CRC | 30.2 | |
LNG | 30.2 | |
WEL | 30.2 | |
< | -- 31 Ga --> 31 Ga gallium | |
use | ||
CRC | 18[1] | |
LNG | (>30 C) (liquid) 120 | |
WEL | (>30 C) (liquid) 120 | |
< | -- 32 Ge --> 32 Ge germanium | |
use | 6.0 | |
LNG | 6.0 | |
WEL | 6 | |
< | -- 34 Se --> 34 Se selenium | |
use | (amorphous) 37 | |
LNG | (amorphous) 37 | |
< | -- 38 Sr --> 38 Sr strontium | |
use | 22.5 | |
CRC | 22.5 | |
LNG | 22.5 | |
WEL | 22.5 | |
< | -- 39 Y --> 39 Y yttrium | |
use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.6 | |
CRC | 10.6 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 6.0 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 19.7 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.6 | |
LNG | 10.6 | |
WEL | 10.6 | |
< | -- 40 Zr --> 40 Zr zirconium | |
use | 5.7 | |
CRC | 5.7 | |
LNG | 5.7 | |
WEL | 5.7 | |
< | -- 41 Nb --> 41 Nb niobium | |
use | 7.3 | |
CRC | 7.3 | |
LNG | 7.3 | |
WEL | 7.3 | |
< | -- 42 Mo --> 42 Mo molybdenum | |
use | 4.8 | |
CRC | 4.8 | |
LNG | 4.8 | |
WEL | 4.8 | |
< | -- 44 Ru --> 44 Ru ruthenium | |
use | 6.4 | |
CRC | 6.4 | |
LNG | 6.4 | |
WEL | 6.4 | |
< | -- 45 Rh --> 45 Rh rhodium | |
use | 8.2 | |
CRC | 8.2 | |
LNG | 8.2 | |
WEL | 8.2 | |
< | -- 46 Pd --> 46 Pd palladium | |
use | 11.8 | |
CRC | 11.8 | |
LNG | 11.8 | |
WEL | 11.8 | |
< | -- 47 Ag --> 47 Ag silver | |
use | 18.9 | |
CRC | 18.9 | |
LNG | 18.9 | |
WEL | 18.9 | |
< | -- 48 Cd --> 48 Cd cadmium | |
use | 30.8 | |
CRC | 30.8 | |
LNG | 30.8 | |
WEL | 30.8 | |
< | -- 49 In --> 49 In indium | |
use | 32.1 | |
CRC | 32.1 | |
LNG | 32.1 | |
WEL | 32.1 | |
< | -- 50 Sn --> 50 Sn tin | |
use | 22.0 | |
CRC | 22.0 | |
LNG | 22.0 | |
WEL | 22 | |
< | -- 51 Sb --> 51 Sb antimony | |
use | 11.0 | |
CRC | 11.0 | |
LNG | 11.0 | |
WEL | 11 | |
< | -- 55 Cs --> 55 Cs caesium | |
use | 97 | |
CRC | 97 | |
< | -- 56 Ba --> 56 Ba barium | |
use | 20.6 | |
CRC | 20.6 | |
LNG | 20.6 | |
WEL | 20.6 | |
< | -- 57 La --> 57 La lanthanum | |
use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.1 | |
CRC | 12.1 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 4.5 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 27.2 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.1 | |
LNG | 12.1 | |
WEL | 12.1 | |
< | -- 58 Ce --> 58 Ce cerium | |
use | (room temperature) (gamma, polycrystalline) 6.3 | |
CRC | 6.3 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (gamma, amorphous) 6.3 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (gamma, polycrystalline) 6.3 | |
LNG | 6.3 | |
WEL | 6.3 | |
< | -- 59 Pr --> 59 Pr praseodymium | |
use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 6.7 | |
CRC | 6.7 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 4.5 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 11.2 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 6.7 | |
LNG | 6.7 | |
WEL | 6.7 | |
< | -- 60 Nd --> 60 Nd neodymium | |
use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.6 | |
CRC | 9.6 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 7.6 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 13.5 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.6 | |
LNG | 9.6 | |
WEL | 9.6 | |
< | -- 61 Pm --> 61 Pm promethium | |
use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) est. 11 | |
CRC | est. 11 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) est. 9 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) est. 16 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) est. 11 | |
LNG | est. 11 | |
WEL | 11 | |
< | -- 62 Sm --> 62 Sm samarium | |
use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.7 | |
CRC | 12.7 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 9.6 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 19.0 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 12.7 | |
LNG | 12.7 | |
WEL | 12.7 | |
< | -- 63 Eu --> 63 Eu europium | |
use | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 35.0 | |
CRC | 35.0 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (amorphous) 35.0 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 35.0 | |
LNG | 35.0 | |
WEL | 35 | |
< | -- 64 Gd --> 64 Gd gadolinium | |
use | (100 °C) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.4 | |
CRC | (100 °C) 9.4 | |
CR2 | (100 °C) (alpha, amorphous) 9.1 | |
CR2 | (100 °C) (alpha, crystalline) 10.0 | |
CR2 | (100 °C) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.4 | |
LNG | (100 °C) 9.4 | |
WEL | 9.4 | |
< | -- 65 Tb --> 65 Tb terbium | |
use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.3 | |
CRC | 10.3 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 9.3 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 12.4 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 10.3 | |
LNG | 10.3 | |
WEL | 10.3 | |
< | -- 66 Dy --> 66 Dy dysprosium | |
use | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.9 | |
CRC | 9.9 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, amorphous) 7.1 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, crystalline) 15.6 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (alpha, polycrystalline) 9.9 | |
LNG | 9.9 | |
WEL | 9.9 | |
< | -- 67 Ho --> 67 Ho holmium | |
use | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 11.2 | |
CRC | 11.2 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (amorphous) 7.0 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (crystalline) 19.5 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 11.2 | |
LNG | 11.2 | |
WEL | 11.2 | |
< | -- 68 Er --> 68 Er erbium | |
use | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 12.2 | |
CRC | 12.2 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (amorphous) 7.9 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (crystalline) 20.9 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 12.2 | |
LNG | 12.2 | |
WEL | 12.2 | |
< | -- 69 Tm --> 69 Tm thulium | |
use | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 13.3 | |
CRC | 13.3 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (amorphous) 8.8 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (crystalline) 22.2 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 13.3 | |
LNG | 13.3 | |
WEL | 13.3 | |
< | -- 70 Yb --> 70 Yb ytterbium | |
use | (room temperature) (beta, polycrystalline) 26.3 | |
CRC | 26.3 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (beta, amorphous) 26.3 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (beta, polycrystalline) 26.3 | |
LNG | 26.3 | |
WEL | 26.3 | |
< | -- 71 Lu --> 71 Lu lutetium | |
use | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 9.9 | |
CRC | 9.9 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (amorphous) 4.8 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (crystalline) 20.0 | |
CR2 | (room temperature) (polycrystalline) 9.9 | |
LNG | 9.9 | |
WEL | 9.9 | |
< | -- 72 Hf --> 72 Hf hafnium | |
use | 5.9 | |
CRC | 5.9 | |
LNG | 5.9 | |
WEL | 5.9 | |
< | -- 73 Ta --> 73 Ta tantalum | |
use | 6.3 | |
CRC | 6.3 | |
LNG | 6.3 | |
WEL | 6.3 | |
< | -- 74 W --> 74 W tungsten | |
use | 4.5 | |
CRC | 4.5 | |
LNG | 4.5 | |
WEL | 4.5 | |
< | -- 75 Re --> 75 Re rhenium | |
use | 6.2 | |
CRC | 6.2 | |
LNG | 6.2 | |
WEL | 6.2 | |
< | -- 76 Os --> 76 Os osmium | |
use | 5.1 | |
CRC | 5.1 | |
LNG | 5.1 | |
WEL | 5.1 | |
< | -- 77 Ir --> 77 Ir iridium | |
use | 6.4 | |
CRC | 6.4 | |
LNG | 6.4 | |
WEL | 6.4 | |
< | -- 78 Pt --> 78 Pt platinum | |
use | 8.8 | |
CRC | 8.8 | |
LNG | 8.8 | |
WEL | 8.8 | |
< | -- 79 Au --> 79 Au gold | |
use | 14.2 | |
CRC | 14.2 | |
LNG | 14.2 | |
WEL | 14.2 | |
< | -- 80 Hg --> 80 Hg mercury | |
use | 60.4 | |
CRC | 60.4 | |
< | -- 81 Tl --> 81 Tl thallium | |
use | 29.9 | |
CRC | 29.9 | |
LNG | 29.9 | |
WEL | 29.9 | |
< | -- 82 Pb --> 82 Pb lead | |
use | 28.9 | |
CRC | 28.9 | |
LNG | 28.9 | |
WEL | 28.9 | |
< | -- 83 Bi --> 83 Bi bismuth | |
use | 13.4 | |
CRC | 13.4 | |
LNG | 13.4 | |
WEL | 13.4 | |
< | -- 84 Po --> 84 Po polonium | |
use | 23.5 | |
CRC | 23.5 | |
< | -- 90 Th --> 90 Th thorium | |
use | 11.0 | |
CRC | 11.0 | |
LNG | 11.1 | |
WEL | 11.0 | |
< | -- 92 U --> 92 U uranium | |
use | 13.9 | |
CRC | 13.9 | |
LNG | 13.9 | |
WEL | 13.9 | |
< | -- 94 Pu --> 94 Pu plutonium | |
use | 46.7 | |
CRC | 46.7 | |
LNG | 46.7 |
All values refer to 25 °C unless noted.
As quoted from this source in an online version of: David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 12, Properties of Solids; Thermal and Physical Properties of Pure Metals
As quoted in an online version of:
which further refers to:
As quoted from this source in an online version of: J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 4; Table 4.1, Electronic Configuration and Properties of the Elements
As quoted at http://www.webelements.com/ from these sources: