Thelypodium eucosmum is a species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common names arrow-leaf thelypody and world thelypody. It is endemic to Oregon in the United States, where it is known from Grant and Wheeler Counties.[1] There are also historical records of the plant from Baker County.[2]
This species is a biennial or short-lived perennial herb. It produces an erect, branching stem which can reach a meter in height. The basal leaves are lance-shaped or sometimes oval in shape and are borne on a short petiole. The leaves higher on the stem are smaller and have no petiole.[3] They may clasp the stem[2] or may be arrowhead-shaped, with projections extending around the stem. The inflorescence is a raceme of many flowers with purple petals. The fruit is a silique up to 6.5 centimeters long.[3]
This species occurs in the Blue Mountains of Oregon, and along tributaries of the John Day River.[4] Its habitat is dominated by sagebrush and juniper. It grows in moist areas such as river canyons and streambanks.[1] [4] The plant's population size is greatly affected by the availability of water.[4] Other plants in the habitat may include Balsamorhiza spp., Bromus mollis, B. tectorum, Ericameria nauseosa, Gutierrezia sarothrae, Hordeum murinum, Lepidium spp., Purshia tridentata, Salix spp., Sarcobatus vermiculatus, and Urtica dioica.[2]
Grazing is a main threat to the species; some populations have been extirpated by livestock grazing.[4]