Thelma Johnson Streat Explained

Thelma Johnson Streat
Birth Name:Thelma Johnson
Birth Date:August 29, 1912
Birth Place:Yakima, Washington, U.S.
Death Place:Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Nationality:American
Education:Museum Art School in Portland
Known For:Painting, dance

Thelma Beatrice Johnson Streat (1912–1959)[1] was an African-American artist, dancer, and educator. She gained prominence in the 1940s for her art, performance and work to foster intercultural understanding and appreciation.

Early life and education

Thelma Johnson was born August 29, 1911, in Yakima,[2] a small agricultural town in Washington State, to artist James Johnson, and his wife Gertrude.[3] [4] She was partially of Cherokee heritage.[5] Her family moved to Portland, Oregon when she was a young child. In 1932, she graduated from Washington High School. She began painting at the age of seven and studied art at the Museum Art School (now Pacific Northwest College of Art) in Portland from 1934 to 1935.[6] [4] She took additional art courses at the University of Oregon from 1935 to 1936.

Art work

Streat was a multi-talented artist, seeking to express herself through many creative avenues, including oil and watercolor paintings, pen and ink drawings, charcoal sketches, mixed media murals, and textile design.

A year after her high school graduation, Streat had paintings on exhibit at the New York City, New York Public Library under sponsorship of the Oregon Federation of Colored Women and the Harmon Foundation.[7] In 1938, she moved to San Francisco where she participated in Works Progress Administration projects. Streat was also included in exhibitions at the De Young Memorial Museum and San Francisco Museum of Art (now the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art).[8] In 1939 until 1940, she assisted artist Diego Rivera in the creation of the Pan American Unity mural, for the Art in Action exhibition at Treasure Island's Golden Gate International Exposition (GGIE).[9] A portrait of Streat, just one of Rivera's many friends depicted in the mural, can be seen at City College of San Francisco (CCSF) in the Diego Rivera Theatre located at CCSF's Ocean Campus.[10] The mural is currently undergoing restoration and will be featured in the SFMOMA's retrospective exhibition on Rivera in 2020.[11]

As Judy Bullington argues in her indispensable article on Streat, "the West Coast allowed highly visible indigenous traditions that generated a different kind of regional flavor from which modernists could draw inspiration. Streat’s ability to blend these multiple influences into a modernist mode enabled her to attract the attention of Hollywood arts collectors, to capture headlines across the United States, and, in the 1940s and 1950s, even to gain some international recognition."[12]

Her work was sometimes controversial. The Los Angeles Times reported that Streat was threatened by the Ku Klux Klan for her painting called "Death of a Negro Sailor", portraying an African-American sailor dying after risking his life abroad to protect the democratic rights he was denied at home.[13] The threat only made Streat believe that a program showing not only the Negro's tribulations but also the Negro's contributions to the nation's wealth was needed, so she initiated a visual education program called "The Negro in History."

Through a series of murals depicting the contributions of people of African descent, panels showed Black Americans in industry, agriculture, medicine, science, meat packing, and transportation. There was even a panel on the contributions of Black women.[14]

Streat's work often portrayed important figures in history. Along with images of well-known Americans like Frank Lloyd Wright, she painted a series of portraits of famous people of African ancestry, including concert singer Marian Anderson, singer/actor/activist Paul Robeson, Toussaint Louverture, and Harriet Tubman, and more. As a pioneer in modern African American art, her work influenced and was influenced by Jacob Lawrence, Sargent Johnson, Romare Bearden, William H. Johnson, and the other artistic leaders of her time.[15] Her ability to integrate dance, song and folklore from a variety of cultures into a presentation package and utilize it to educate and inspire an appreciation across ethnic lines was revolutionary for her time.

Collections

Her most well-known painting, Rabbit Man, was purchased by Alfred Barr for MoMA in 1942.[16] Streat was the first African-American woman to have a painting included in MoMA's permanent collection. Streat's work was added to the permanent collection of the Smithsonian when they purchased the mural Medicine and Transportation in 2016, which resides in the National Museum of African American History & Culture in Washington, D.C.[17] [18] Streat painted Medicine and Transportation between 1942 and 1944, which features the contributions of African-Americans at work in a laboratory and industrial settings.[19]

The Mills College Art Museum in Oakland, California also possesses a children's book illustration by Streat titled Robot.[20]

People who have owned Streat's work include actor Vincent Price, singer Roland Hayes, artist Diego Rivera, actress Fanny Brice, dancer Katherine Dunham, and actress Paulette Goddard.

Select exhibitions

Her paintings have appeared in exhibits at museums and galleries including:

Dancer, singer, and folklorist

Similar to her contemporary and acquaintance Katherine Dunham, Streat traveled to Haiti between 1946 and 1951 to study dance, which she saw as an important inspiration of social change and a catalyst for challenging societal norms. She also visited Mexico and Canada. Streat debuted her new choreography, inspired by her travels, in a performance at the San Francisco Museum of Art in 1946, which combined African, Haitian, Hawaiian, Native American, Portuguese and other indigenous dance forms.

Streat realized that prejudice and bigotry are learned, usually during childhood. In order to combat the development of bigotry, throughout the 1940s and 50s, Streat performed dances, songs, and folk tales from many cultures to thousands of children across Europe, Canada, Mexico, and the United States in an effort to introduce them to the beauty and value of all cultures.

Teacher and activist

In 1945, Streat chaired a committee in Chicago to sponsor murals as part of a "Negro in Labor" education movement. Between 1948 and 1950, Streat moved to Hawaii with her second husband Edgar Kline, and they founded Children's City of Hawaii and New School of Expression in Punaluu, Oahu to introduce children to art and to the value of cultural diversity. A second Children's City school was founded on Salt Spring Island in British Columbia, Canada in 1956.

Honors and accomplishments

Personal life and death

She married Romaine Virgil Streat in 1935, and they divorced in 1948. Streat continued to use her married name for professional purposes. Later that year, she married John Edgar Kline, her manager and a playwright and producer of both theatre and film.

Streat died of a heart attack 21 May 1959, Los Angeles, California.[31]

See also

Further reading

Books

Periodicals

Artifacts

External links


Notes and References

  1. Web site: Thelma Johnson Streat (1912-1959). Oregon Encyclopedia. 2020-03-05.
  2. "Washington, County Birth Registers, 1873-1965", database, FamilySearch (https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:DT51-8NT2 : 8 December 2020), Thelma Beatrice Johnson, 1911.
  3. News: Thelma Johnson Streat Mural Finds a Permanent Home in Smithsonian. Young. Arashi. The Skanner News. 2017-02-22. en-gb.
  4. Web site: Thelma Johnson Streat (1912-1959). The Oregon Encyclopedia. 2017-02-22 . Allen, Ginny . Portland State University and the Oregon Historical Society.
  5. Web site: Project aims to educate public about forgotten trailblazer, born in Yakima. Muir. Pat. 2016-02-14. Yakima Herald-Republic. en. 2020-03-05.
  6. Web site: Thelma Johnson Streat: Faith in an Ultimate Freedom. Tyler Fine Art. Issuu. 2019-02-27.
  7. Web site: Jones-Branch. Cherisse. 2015-03-16. Thelma Beatrice Johnson Streat (1912-1959) •. 2020-11-22.
  8. Web site: Thelma Johnson Streat (1912-1959). oregonencyclopedia.org. 2020-03-04.
  9. Web site: Pan American Unity. September 26, 2014. WikiArt.
  10. Web site: Pan-American Unity, Historical Essay. September 26, 2014. FoundSF. Zakheim. Masha.
  11. Web site: Pan American Unity at SFMOMA Diego Rivera Mural Project. riveramural.org. 2020-03-04.
  12. Bullington. Judy. 2005-06-01. Thelma Johnson Streat and Cultural Synthesis on the West Coast. American Art. 19. 2. 92–107. 10.1086/444483. 194036307. 1073-9300.
  13. News: Painter's Death Of A Black Sailor Attracts Attention. December 4, 1943. The Black Dispatch.
  14. News: Jones. Catherine. Freedom for Negroes Linked With the Arts. August 15, 1945. The Oregonian, Portland, Oregon.
  15. Book: Patton, Sharon F.. African American Art. 1998. Oxford University Press. New York. 161. 978-0-19-284254-1 . registration.
  16. Web site: Thelma Johnson Streat. Rabbit Man. 1941. The Museum of Modern Art. en. 2019-02-27.
  17. Book: Afro-American Artists: A Bio-Bibliographical Directory. 1973. Trustees of the Boston Public Library. Cederholm. Theresa Dickason. Boston. 270. registration.
  18. Book: Igoe, Lynn Moody. 250 Years of Afro-American Art. 1981. R.R. Bowker Company. New York. 1127.
  19. Web site: Medicine and Transportation. National Museum of African American History and Culture. en. 2020-03-04.
  20. Web site: "Robot" Illustration For Children's Book by Thelma Johnson Streat. Mills College Art Museum.
  21. Web site: Thelma Johnson Streat, Artists. Modernism in the New City: Chicago Artists, 1920-1950. 2019-02-27.
  22. Web site: New Acquisitions: American Painting and Sculpture. The Museum of Modern Art. en. 2019-02-27.
  23. Web site: Grace McCann Morley: Defending and Diversifying Modern Art · SFMOMA. www.sfmoma.org. 2019-02-27. Potter, Berit. June 2017.
  24. Web site: Visual Art and the American Experience. 2016-09-16. National Museum of African American History and Culture. en. 2019-02-27.
  25. Web site: Visual Art and the American Experience at the African American Museum of History and Culture. DAILY SERVING. en-US. 2019-02-27.
  26. Book: The Guerrilla Girls. Guerrilla Girls Bedside Companion to the History of Western Art. 1998. The Guerrilla Girls.
  27. News: KKK Threatens Woman Painter. The Pittsburgh Courier, national edition. December 4, 1943.
  28. News: Thema (sic) Streat At The Curran Starting Feb. 26. The Daily Recorder . Sacramento, California. February 13, 1953.
  29. News: Wysinger. Lena M.. News of Activities of Negroes. The Oakland Tribune . Oakland, California. September 15, 1940.
  30. Book: Patton, Sharon F.. African American Art. registration. 1998. Oxford University Press. New York, New York. 161. 978-0-19-284254-1 .
  31. "California, County Birth and Death Records, 1800-1994", database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QPWV-VS9V : 1 March 2021), Thelma Kline, 1959.

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