Thecaphora Explained

Thecaphora was also proposed for the order of cnidarians usually known as Leptomedusae.Thecaphora is a genus of basidiomycote fungus which contains several species of plant pathogens. The widespread genus contained about 57 species in 2008. and held 61 species in 2020.

In 2008, genus Glomosporium and Kochmania were declared synonyms of Thecaphora.[1] Also Sorosporium mohgaoense became Thecaphora mohgaoensis .

The genus Thecaphora contains plant-parasitic microfungi infecting hosts belonging to a range of dicotyledonous families. The species and their current nomenclature were summarised by Vánky et al. (2008),[1] and Vánky (2012).[2] Recently, three new species were described in Crous et al. (2018),[3] Kruse et al. (2018),[4] and Piątek et al. (2021).[5] Thecaphora species are characterised by having spores in balls (or rarely single), generally without sterile cells, and infections are found in a range of different organs of their host plants.

Hosts

Thecaphora solani (also called potato smut), is a smut fungus attacking tubers and underground stems of Solanum species, including potato Solanum tuberosum and also tomato Solanum lycopersicum and nearby native weed Datura stramonium (Mordue, 1988).[6] in the Andean region of South America. It is not restricted to the higher, cooler elevations, but it has also been a problem in coastal Peru (Bazan de Segura 1960;[7] Zachmann and Baumann, 1975),[8] and also occurs in Mexico. The fungus can be transported within infected tubers and other planting material and also on their surfaces if they become contaminated with the spores. The fungus also can survive in the soil and therefore is difficult to eradicate.[6]

Thecaphora melandrii was found to infect species in the Caryophyllaceae family, forming sori with spore balls in the floral organs. This included Silene latifolia, Silene nutansa, Silene vulgarisa and Stellaria gramineaa [9] It was found in Britain on Silene uniflora [10] Thecaphora schwarzmaniana was found on Rheum ribes in Iran and Turkey.[11] Thecaphora anthemidis was found on species of Anthemis (Asteraceae family).[4] Thecaphora dahuangis causes leaf smut disease in Rheum palmatum (or dahuang), a folk medicinal plant in China.[5]

Species

As accepted by Species Fungorum;[12]

Former species;[12]

External links

Notes and References

  1. Vánky . Kálmán . Lutz . Matthias . Bauer . Robert . About the genus Thecaphora (Glomosporiaceae) and its new synonyms . Mycological Progress . 2008 . 7 . 31–39. 10.1007/s11557-007-0550-0 .
  2. Book: Vánky . K. . Smut Fungi of the World. . 2012 . American Phytopathological Society Press . St Paul, MN., USA.
  3. Crous et al. . Fungal Planet description sheets: 716–784. Persoonia . 2018 . 40 . 240–393. 10.3767/persoonia.2018.40.10. 30505003. 6146637 .
  4. Kruse . J. . Kummer . V. . Shivas . R. G. . Thines . M. . The first smut fungus, Thecaphora anthemidis sp. nov. (Glomosporiaceae), described from Anthemis (Asteraceae). . MycoKeys . 2018 . 41 . 39–50. 10.3897/mycokeys.41.28454 . free . 30344443 . 6194141 .
  5. Piątek . Marcin . Lutz . Matthias . Wang . Yan . Wang . Shengrong . Kellner . Ronny . Thecaphora dahuangis, a new species causing leaf smut disease of the traditional medicinal plant dahuang (Rheum palmatum) in China . Plant Pathology . August 2021 . 70 . 6 . 1292–1299 . 10.1111/ppa.13385.
  6. Book: Mordue . J.E.M. . IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria . 1988 . CAB International . Wallingford, UK . 966 . 97 . Thecaphora solani.
  7. Bazan de Segura . C. . The gangrena disease of potato in Peru . Plant Disease Reporter . 1960 . 44 . 257.
  8. Zachmann . R. . Baumann . D. . Thecaphora solani on potatoes in Peru:present distribution and varietal resistance. . Plant Disease Reporter . 1975 . 59 . 11 . 928–931.
  9. Vánky . K. . Lutz . M. . Revision of some Thecaphora species (Ustilaginomycotina) on Caryophyllaceae. . Mycol. Res. . 2007 . 111 . 10 . 1207–1219. 10.1016/j.mycres.2007.06.007 .
  10. Smith . P.A. . Lutz . M. . Piątek . M. . The distribution and host range of Thecaphora melandrii, with first records for Britain. . Kew Bull. . 2020 . 75 . 4 . 39 . 10.1007/s12225-020-09895-3. free .
  11. Vasighzadeh . A. . Zafari . D. . Selçuk . F. . Hüseyin . E. . Kurşat . M. . Lutz . M. . Piątek . M. . Discovery of Thecaphora schwarzmaniana on Rheum ribes in Iran and Turkey: implications for the diversity and phylogeny of leaf smuts on rhubarbs. . Mycol. Progr. . 2014 . 13 . 3 . 881–892. 10.1007/s11557-014-0972-4 .
  12. Web site: Species Fungorum - Search Page - Thecaphora . www.speciesfungorum.org . 23 September 2023.
  13. Arias . Silvina L. . Mary . Verónica S. . Velez . Pilar A. . Rodriguez . María G. . Otaiza-González . Santiago N. . Theumer . Martín G. . Where Does the Peanut Smut Pathogen, Thecaphora frezzii, Fit in the Spectrum of Smut Diseases? . . . 2021-10-01 . 105 . 9 . 2268–2280 . 0191-2917 . 10.1094/pdis-11-20-2438-fe. free .

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