| Theatre Development Fund | |
| Abbreviation: | TDF |
| Formation: | 1968 |
| Type: | Nonprofit |
| Vat Id: | (for European organizations) --> |
| Purpose: | Promotion of theatre/dance and its development, especially in New York City |
| Location City: | New York City |
| Location Country: | United States |
| Area Served: | or |
| Region: | --> |
| Product: | --> |
| Services: | Ticket subsidies, disability services, among others |
| Methods: | Use of private and government funding |
| Awards: | Special Tony Award[1] |
The Theatre Development Fund (TDF) is a not-for-profit performing arts service organization in New York City. Created in 1968 to help an ailing New York theatre industry, TDF has become one of the largest beneficents for the performance arts. The TDF heavily subsidizes Broadway, Off-Broadway, and Off-off-broadway theatre and dance productions that it deems to be of cultural value, with their most prominent program of this type being TKTS discount ticket booths. The organization also assists Broadway with complying with the ADA, provides educational outreach programs to secondary and college students, and rents out costumes to productions and other non-profits. It has received a Special Tony Award for its work.
The TDF was founded in 1968 in order to originally provide assistance to Broadway productions that were viewed as not likely to survive without some financial assistance, but would likely have some significant cultural impact. This came in the wake of productions on Broadway seemingly becoming more and more formulaic. The original goal of the organization was thus to buy up tickets of those plays and give them away for free. The organization first bought 1,112 seats to The Great White Hope and gave them away to students for free using grant money from the Rockefeller Foundation.[2] [3] [4] After this first initiative was successful, the TDF set up the TKTS booth in Duffy Square in 1973 that sold tickets to shows at discounted prices, which turned out to be a more effective way of subsidizing the plays.[5] [6] The TDF has continued to expand the network of TKTS discount ticket booths to other sites such a satellite booth at the Lincoln Center and another franchized booth in London.[7]
Starting in 1972, the TDF began subsidizing Off-off-Broadway productions by offering vouchers[8] to people that would be typically unlikely to see them, such as teachers and retired persons. At the time, the vouchers would cost 80 cents for the consumers and would entitle the playhouse to $2.50. In 1974, the fund sold over 40,000 vouchers and estimated that 300,000 people were supported by the program, which resulted in recognition from industry groups of the program.[9] The TDF continues to offer Off-off-Broadway vouchers, but in a different format.[10]
In 1974, the TDF Costume Collection opened, renting costumes to nonprofit and commercial productions. TDF Costume Collection houses over 65,000 costumes and accessories providing professionally designed costumes to not-for-profit organizations at affordable prices.[11] [12]
In 1979, the TDF created the TDF Accessibility Program (TAP), which offers services to theatergoers with disabilities. The first service that was provided to deaf people was a live ASL translation of the performance of The Elephant Man in 1980.[13] Since the implementation of the Americans with Disabilities Act it has expanded its programs for the disabled by assisting theatres in their compliance of the law. This includes offering open captioning, discounted seats that are closer to the stage, as well as live description of the performance (introduced in 2008) to the deaf and blind respectively.[14] [15] [16] In 2011, the program also started providing services to adults and children on the autistic spectrum by providing autism friendly sources.[17]
In 1995, the TDF began to offer theatrical educational programs and opportunities in the community. They offer an introduction class for theatre called "Introduction to Theatre", which is offered to about 10,000 high school students in New York City. Students receive eight workshops provided by TDF and are offered a trip to see a Broadway or Off-Broadway production.[18] In 1997, TDF introduced the Wendy Wasserstein/Open Doors program, which provides select students interested in theatre the chance to see a variety of plays over the course of a year with "accomplished theatre professionals" and discuss them afterwards.[19] [20]
The current programs of the fund thus include:[21]
Most of the criticism the organization receives has to do with a broader debate on whether Broadway needs subsidization. This is due to the fact that the organization sometimes uses federal grant money in order to subsidize Broadway, which some question as a good use of taxpayer money (especially since doing so constitutes a bailout of a commercial enterprise).[24] The TKTS booth itself also receives unrelated criticism because of its marketing tactics, specifically over its claims of whether the tickets it sells are in fact sold at a 50% discount.