Theaflavin digallate explained

Theaflavin digallate (TFDG) is an antioxidant natural phenol found in black tea, and a theaflavin derivative.

Health

• TFDG is a scavenger of superoxide in vitro, even more so than EGCG.^[1]
• Tea polyphenols including TFDG reduce angiogenesis,^[2] which is implicated in non-liquid cancers, an area of intense current research, by decreasing vascular endothelial growth factor production and receptor phosphorylation.^{[3] [4]}
• TFDG inhibits activity of the enzyme 3CLpro in vitro.^[5]

Notes and References

1. 10.1021/jf000066d . 10898615 . Inhibition of Xanthine Oxidase and Suppression of Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species in HL-60 Cells by Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate, (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and Propyl Gallate . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry . 48 . 7 . 2736–2743 . 2000 . Lin . Jen-Kun . Chen . Ping-Chung . Ho . Chi-Tang . Lin-Shiau . Shoei-Yn .
2. Leong . Hoyee . Mathur . Priya S. . Greene . Geoffrey L. . 2009 . Green tea catechins inhibit angiogenesis through suppression of STAT3 activation . Breast Cancer Research and Treatment . en . 117 . 3 . 505–515 . 10.1007/s10549-008-0196-x . 0167-6806 . 3664280 . 18821062.
3. Moyle . Christina W. A. . Cerezo . Ana B. . Winterbone . Mark S. . Hollands . Wendy J. . Alexeev . Yuri . Needs . Paul W. . Kroon . Paul A. . 2015 . Potent inhibition of VEGFR‐2 activation by tight binding of green tea epigallocatechin gallate and apple procyanidins to VEGF: Relevance to angiogenesis . Molecular Nutrition & Food Research . en . 59 . 3 . 401–412 . 10.1002/mnfr.201400478 . 1613-4125 . 4681316 . 25546248.
4. Ann Beltz . Lisa . Kay Bayer . Diana . Lynn Moss . Amber . Mitchell Simet . Ira . 2006-09-01 . Mechanisms of Cancer Prevention by Green and Black Tea Polyphenols . Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry . en . 6 . 5 . 389–406 . 10.2174/187152006778226468.
5. Chia-Nan Chen1, Coney P. C. Lin, Kuo-Kuei Huang, Wei-Cheng Chen, Hsin-Pang Hsieh, Po-Huang Liang and John T.-A. Hsu. Inhibition of SARS-CoV 3C-like Protease Activity by Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF3). Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2005. 2. 2. 209–215. 10.1093/ecam/neh081. 15937562. 1142193.