The Thai highway network follows the left-hand traffic rule of the road. The network is the twin responsibility of the Department of Highways (DOH, Thai: กรมทางหลวง, Krom Thang Luang), and the Department of Rural Roads (DORR, Thai: กรมทางหลวงชนบท, Krom Thang Luang Chonnabot), under the oversight of the Transportation ministry of Thailand. Public highways (Thai: ทางหลวง, thang luang) are also called public roads (Thai: ถนนหลวง, thanon luang), especially when part of urban streets. The network spans over 70,000 kilometers across all regions of Thailand.[1] Most are single carriageways. Dual carriageways have frequent u-turn lanes and intersections slowing down traffic. Coupled with the increase in the number of vehicles and the demand for a limited-access motorway, the Thai Government issued a Cabinet resolution in 1997 detailing the motorway construction master plan.[2] Some upgraded sections of highway are being turned into a "motorway", while other motorways are not being built from highway sections.
The 1992 Highway Act (Thai: พระราชบัญญัติทางหลวง พ.ศ. 2535), revised as the 2006 Highway Act (Thai: พระราชบัญญัติทางหลวง (ฉบับที่ 2) พ.ศ. 2549), defines the following five highway types:[3]
A special highway (Thai: ทางหลวงพิเศษ) or motorway is a high capacity highway designed for high speed traffic, for which the Department of Highways carries out construction, expansion, upkeep and repairs, and is registered as such. Motorway entrances and exits have controlled access, and controlled by the DOH. Registration of motorways is overseen by the Director General of the DOH.
A national highway (Thai: ทางหลวงแผ่นดิน) is a primary highway, part of the network connecting regions, provinces, districts, and other important destinations, for which the DOH carries out construction, expansion, upkeep and repairs. Registration of national highways is overseen by the Director General of the DOH.
A rural highway (Thai: ทางหลวงชนบท) or rural road is a highway for which the Department of Rural Roads carries out construction, expansion, upkeep and repairs. Registration of rural highways is overseen by the Director General of the DORR.
A local highway (Thai: ทางหลวงท้องถิ่น) or local route is a highway for which the local administrative organization carries out construction, expansion, upkeep and repairs. Registration of rural highways is overseen by the provincial governor.
A concession highway (Thai: ทางหลวงสัมปทาน) is a highway for which a legal government concession has been granted. Registration of concession highways is overseen by the Director General of the DOH.
The first digit of a highway number indicates the region of Thailand it serves, with the number of digits indicating the highway classification.[4] These regions are:
A single digit indicates one of four highways connecting Bangkok to outlying regions:
Two digits indicate a principal highway within a region, such as Route 22 in the northeast between Udon Thani and Nakhon Phanom.
Three digits indicate a regional secondary highway, such as northeastern Route 202 between Chaiyaphum and Khemarat, and central Route 314 between Bang Pakong and Cha Choeng Sao.
Four digits indicate an intra-province highway connecting a provincial capital to its districts, or between important sites, such as northern Route 1001 between the Route 11 intersection and Amphoe Phrao, and southern Route 4006 between the Route 4 intersection (Ratchakrut) and Lang Suan.
Route | Km | Name | Destination | Remarks | Province | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-3 Digits | ||||||
1,005 | Phahonyothin Road | ,, | Bangkok, Pathum Thani, Ayutthaya, Saraburi, Nakhon Sawan, Chainat, Kamphaeng Phet, Tak, Lampang, Phayao, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai | |||
562.673 | Wachirawut Damnoen Road; Super Highway Road | Sing Buri, Nakhon Sawan, Phichit, Phitsanulok, Uttaradit, Phrae, Lampang, Lamphun, Chiang Mai | ||||
793.391 | Jarodwithi Thong Road; Singhawat Road; Mittraphap Road; Maliwan Road; Srichan Road; Thinanon Road | ,, | Tak, Sukhothai, Phitsanulok, Phetchabun, Chaiyaphum, Khon Kaen, Kalasin, Roi Et, Mukdahan | |||
4 Digits (10XX) | ||||||
93.657 | Chiang Mai | |||||
4 Digits (11XX) | ||||||
6.05 | Entrance to Doi Kiew Ruesi | Phrae | ||||
4 Digits (12XX) | ||||||
4 Digits (13XX) | ||||||
12.049 | Khamang-Pho Prathap Chang | Phichit | ||||
4 Digits (14XX) | ||||||
4.829 | Entrance to Pa Mamuang | Tak | ||||
Route | Km | Name | Destination | Remarks | Province | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-3 Digits | ||||||
495.409 | Mittraphap Road | Saraburi, Nakhon Ratchasima, Khon Kaen, Udon Thani, Nong Khai | ||||
412.874 | Saraburi - Lom Sak Road; Lom Sak - Loei Road; Kotchaseni Road; Samakkhi Chai Road | Saraburi, Lopburi, Phetchabun, Loei | ||||
239.171 | Nittayo Road | Udon Thani, Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom | ||||
278.752 | Chaengsanit Road | Khon Kaen, Maha Sarakham, Roi Et, Yasothon, Ubon Ratchathani | ||||
420.145 | Sathon Mark Road | Nakhon Ratchasima, Buriram, Surin, Sisaket, Ubon Ratchathani | ||||
4 Digits (20XX) | ||||||
2001 | Bung Nam Tao-Tham Phra Road | Entrance to Ban Tham Phra | Downgraded to local highway in under control of Phetchabun Provincial Administration Organization | Phetchabun | ||
4 Digits (21XX) | ||||||
2100 | Tubkob-Kokdu Road | Tubkob-Kokdu | Downgraded to Rural Road LY.4014 | Loei | ||
4 Digits (22XX) | ||||||
2200 | Prangku-Kammaet Road | Prangku-Kammaet | Downgraded to Local Highway with control from Prangku Subdistrict Administration Organization | Sisaket | ||
4 Digits (23XX) | ||||||
30.337 | Nong Nae-Nong Khuan | Mahasarakham | ||||
4 Digits (24XX) | ||||||
45.601 | Old R.P.C Highway | Nong Hin-Erawan | Loei, Nong Bua Lamphu | |||
4 Digits (26XX) | ||||||
21.242 | Motorway 6 Frontage Road | Service road on the left side of Motorway 6 Bang Pa-in - Nong Khai | Nakhon Ratchasima | |||
14.197 | Motorway 6 Frontage Road | Service road on the right side of Motorway 6 Bang Pa-in - Nong Khai | Nakhon Ratchasima |
Route | Km | Name | Destination | Remarks | Province | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-3 Digits | ||||||
426.931 | Sukhumvit Road | Bangkok, Samut Prakan, Chachoengsao, Chonburi, Rayong, Trat | ||||
23.510 | Vibhavadi Rangsit Road | Bangkok, Pathum Thani | ||||
150.545 | Asian Road | , | Ayutthaya, Ang Thong, Sing Buri, Chainat, Nakhon Sawan | |||
299.549 | Suphanburi-Pa Mok Road; Phachi-Hinkong Road; Suwannason Road | Suphanburi, Ang Thong, Ayutthaya, Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok, Prachinburi, Sa Kaeo | ||||
58.855 | Debaratana Road / Bang Na–Trat Road | Bangkok, Samut Prakan, Chachoengsao, Chonburi | ||||
84.041 | Rama 2 Road | Bangkok, Samut Sakhon, Samut Songkhram, Ratchaburi | ||||
57.021 | Pattaya-Rayong Bypass Highway | Chonburi, Rayong | ||||
47.468 | Cha-am-Pranburi Bypass Road; Phetkasem Road | Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan | ||||
7.327 | Uttaraphimuk elevated road | Memorial Elevated Walkway - Rangsit | Bangkok, Pathum Thani | |||
4 Digits (30XX) | ||||||
4 Digits (31XX) | ||||||
4 Digits (32XX) | ||||||
4 Digits (33XX) | ||||||
4 Digits (34XX) | ||||||
4 Digits (35XX) | ||||||
4 Digits (36XX) | ||||||
4 Digits (37XX) | ||||||
4 Digits (38XX) | ||||||
4 Digits (39XX) | ||||||
Route | Km | Name | Destination | Remarks | Province | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-3 Digits | ||||||
1270.044 | Phetkasem Road; Kanchanawanit Road | , | Bangkok, Nakhon Pathom, Samut Sakhon, Ratchaburi, Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Chumphon, Ranong, Phang Nga, Krabi, Trang, Phatthalung, Songkhla | |||
382.616 | Asian Road | Chumphon, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung | ||||
262.312 | Phetkasem of Pattani-Narathiwat; Ramkomut Road; Korean Road | Songkhla, Pattani, Narathiwat | ||||
107 | Asian Road; Hat Yai-Pattani Highway; Pattani Bypass Highway | Songkhla, Pattani | ||||
133.172 | Southern Road | Krabi, Surat Thani | ||||
282.963 | Tharathibodi Road; Sriwichai Road; Talat Mai Road; Kanchanawithi Road; Pattanakan Khu Khwang Road; Road around Vajiravudh Camp | Phang Nga, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat | ||||
48.958 | Thepkrasattri Road | Phang Nga, Phuket | ||||
118.888 | Kantang Road | Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang | ||||
133.663 | Originally position was Trang-Palian, now Highway 416 merged to Highway 404 | Trang-Satun | ||||
405 | Ron Phibun-Phatthalung Road | Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung | ||||
99.890 | Yontrakankamthon Road; Satun Thani Road; Sulkanukun Road | Songkhla, Satun | ||||
21.060 | Kanchanawanit Road; Saiburi Road | Songkhla | ||||
245.159 | Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla | |||||
34.759 | Thesaban 1 Road (Yala) | Pattani, Yala | ||||
163.776 | Yarang Road; Sirorot Road; Sukhyang Road | Pattani, Yala | ||||
411 | Uttarakit Road | Downgraded to Local Highway with under control of Krabi Provincial Administration Organization | Krabi | |||
0.233 | Ranong | |||||
413 | 5.29 | Khokkloy Bypass Road | Tonsae-Thungpho | Phang Nga | ||
24.315 | Lopburi Ramesuan Road | Songkhla | ||||
48.161 | Krabi, Surat Thani | |||||
416 | Palian-Chalung Road | Trang, Satun | ||||
11.296 | Surat Thani | |||||
35.649 | Yarang Bypass Highway | Pattani, Yala | ||||
31.255 | Trang Ring Road | Trang | ||||
31.702 | Bang Bai Mai Road; Surat Thani Bypass Road (Tha Kup Intersection - Bang Kung Intersection); Surat Thani Ring Road | Surat Thani | ||||
10.517 | Wisetmayura Road; Satun Bypass Road | Satun | ||||
7.183 | Southeast Hat Yai Bypass Road | Under planned | Songkhla | |||
4 Digits (40XX) | ||||||
6.135 | Chumphon-Thayang | Chumphon | ||||
7.583 | Lang Suan - Pak Nam Lang Suan | Chumphon | ||||
14.012 | Sawi - Bokha | Chumphon | ||||
4004 | Ruangrat Road | Mueang Ranong - Pak Nam Ranong | Downgraded to local highway | Ranong | ||
4005 | Mueang Ranong - Hat Sompaen | Downgraded to local highway | Ranong | |||
68.1 | Ranong, Chumphon | |||||
4007 | Donnok Road | Entrance to Donnok Airport Intersection | Downgraded to local highway | Suratthani | ||
2.002 | Tharathibodi Road | Thakham - Km.0 Intersection | Suratthani | |||
146.568 | Chan Kasem Road; Poolsiri Road; Vibhavadi Rangsit Road; Surat Thani - Na San Road; Khlong Ha Road; Phra Saeng - Ao Luek Road | Suratthani, Krabi | ||||
27.55 | Kanchanadit - Kham Son | Suratthani | ||||
9.004 | Raksankit Road | Choeng Samo - Phum Riang | Suratthani | |||
8.832 | Huasai-Phraek Mueang | Originally in Mueang Nakhon Si Thanmarat, now moved farther than Mueang Nakhon Si Thammarat | Nakhon Si Thammarat | |||
68.663 | Nakhon Si Thammarat | |||||
17.53 | Khlong Leng - Khanom | Nakhon Si Thammarat | ||||
113.717 | Karom Road; Ban Song-Nakhon Si Thammarat Road | Nakhon Si Thammarat, Suratthani | ||||
31.208 | Karom Road (Nakhon Si Thammarat-Ban Tan section); Nakhon Si Thammarat-Phrom Khiri Road | Nakhon Si Thammarat | ||||
4017 | Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla | |||||
36.791 | Thungpo - Pho Thong | Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung | ||||
27.171 | Nakhon Si Thammarat | |||||
1.642 | Wichitsongkhram Road | Phuket | ||||
6.473 | Chaofa East Road | Mueang Phuket - Chalong Intersection | Phuket | |||
0.488 | Wichitsongkhram School - Surakul Stadium | Phuket | ||||
8.77 | Sakdidet Road | Mueang Phuket - Cape Panwa | Phuket | |||
22.72 | Chaloem Phrakiat Road; Chao Fa West Road; Wises Road | Bang Khu - Rawai Beach | Phuket | |||
6.95 | Srisunthon Road | Tha Ruea - Choeng Talae | Phuket | |||
4.13 | Phuket | |||||
19.538 | Tha Ruea - Mueang Mai | Phuket | ||||
8.608 | Patak Road | Chalong - Karon Intersection | Phuket | |||
3.236 | Phrabarami Road | Kathu - Patong | Phuket | |||
40.540 | Don Jom Tao Road; Ban Don - Choeng Talae Road; Srisunthon Road; Thawewong Road; Sirirat Road; Karon Road; Kata Road; Kata-Sai Yuan Road | Thalang - Rawai Beach | Phuket | |||
13.093 | Old Airport Road; Thepkrasattri-Naiyang Road | Phuket | ||||
4036 | ||||||
4040 | ||||||
4042 | ||||||
4043 | ||||||
4044 | ||||||
4047 | ||||||
4048 | ||||||
4050 | ||||||
10.439 | Padang Besa Road | Songkhla | ||||
64.305 | Ra-ngae Makha Road | Narathiwat | ||||
53.238 | Su-ngai Padi Road | Narathiwat | ||||
25.517 | Charoen Khet Road | Originally was Tak Bai-Buketa, now part of Highway 42 on Tak Bai-Su-ngai Kolok section | Narathiwat | |||
31.386 | Makhapinnit Road | Narathiwat | ||||
4059 | Removed/Unknown | Ranong | ||||
50.833 | Ratrat Phatthana Road | Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat | ||||
36.842 | Lamyai 2 Road; Yarang-Panare Highway | Pattani | ||||
41.162 | Originally was in Betong-17 Km House, now part of Highway 4326 and Highway 4062 rerouted to Buketa-Sukhirin road | Narathiwat | ||||
9.917 | Yala | |||||
4064 | Sirorot Road | Yala | ||||
10.76 | Yala | |||||
54.679 | Narathiwat, Yala | |||||
28.081 | Yala, Narathiwat | |||||
6.258 | Yala | |||||
4069 | Designation decommissioned | Yala | ||||
29.733 | Yala | |||||
24.16 | Yala, Pattani | |||||
4072 | Na Pradu-Sai Khao Waterfall | Downgraded to Rural Road PN.3060 | Pattani | |||
4073 | Unknown | |||||
16.1 | Pattani | |||||
7 | Pattani | |||||
4076 | 1.5 | Pattani | ||||
32.079 | Yala | |||||
4078 | Satun, Trang | |||||
4079 | Talat Lang Road | Surat Thani-Bang Kung | Downgraded to Local Highway | Surat Thani | ||
4080 | Chaloem Phrakiat Road | Entrance to Ranong Municipality Control Area | Ranong | |||
16.15 | Tha Nangphrom-Chongkae | Phatthalung | ||||
11.335 | Witunuthit 1 Road | Yala | ||||
2.887 | Songkhla | |||||
14.173 | Chaturongrasamee Road | Narathiwat | ||||
49.47 | Songkhla, Yala | |||||
0.28 | ||||||
4087 | Entrance to Khuan Mit Intersection | Downgraded to Local Highway with under control of Songkhla Provincial Administration Organization | Songkhla | |||
4088 | Entrance to Hanthao Train Station Intersection | Downgraded to Local Highway | Phatthalung | |||
1.825 | Thasap Road | Yala | ||||
43.466 | Phang Nga | |||||
71.858 | Ranong, Chumphon | |||||
32 | Yala, Pattani | |||||
4093 | Unknown | Yala | ||||
30.341 | Bolo-Paknang | Nakhon Si Thammarat | ||||
20.671 | Saba Yoi-Khao Daeng | Songkhla | ||||
4096 | Khao Peep-Paknam Tako | Downgraded to Rural Road CP.2063 | Chumphon | |||
4097 | Lang Suan-Bang Nam Chip | Designation decommissioned | Chumphon | |||
7.15 | Khao Mathri-Sairi Beach | Chumphon | ||||
6.5 | Khao Muang-Wat Laem Sai | Chumphon | ||||
4 Digits (41XX) | ||||||
10.669 | Surat Thani | |||||
4101 | ||||||
4102 | ||||||
4104 | ||||||
4105 | ||||||
4106 | ||||||
11.552 | Narathiwat | |||||
4108 | ||||||
4109 | ||||||
0.075 | Sulakanukun Road | Entrance to Koh Nok Pier | Satun | |||
2.85 | Entrance to Ban Prakob | Songkhla | ||||
16.67 | Narathiwat | |||||
4117 | Designation decommissioned | Songkhla | ||||
4120 | ||||||
4126 | ||||||
4127 | ||||||
4128 | ||||||
4130 | ||||||
4131 | Songkhla | |||||
4132 | ||||||
10.187 | Airport Road | Songkhla | ||||
19.097 | Khok Khian Road | Narathiwat, Pattani | ||||
4146 | ||||||
4148 | ||||||
4149 | ||||||
4150 | ||||||
10.896 | Narathiwat | |||||
27.25 | Thasedet Road; Pattani Coastal Highway | Originally was Lahan-Talokapor, now removed due to heavy wave damages | Pattani | |||
4160 | ||||||
4166 | ||||||
12.076 | Pamai-Tonsai | Pattani-Narathiwat | ||||
8.105 | Tonsai-Talodueraman | Narathiwat, Pattani | ||||
4171 | ||||||
4172 | ||||||
4173 | ||||||
4175 | ||||||
14.678 | Patae-Bala | Yala | ||||
4179 | ||||||
4180 | ||||||
4182 | ||||||
0.156 | Entrance to Satun Customs House | Satun | ||||
21.85 | Wang Prachan Road | Satun | ||||
4190 | ||||||
21.834 | Tokweng 2 Road | Originally was Su-ngai Padi-Ban Samyaek, now Highway 4057 rerouted to Bueloh intersection | Narathiwat | |||
4196 | ||||||
4 Digits (42XX) | ||||||
4200 | 2.X | Watchara Road | Downgraded to local highway | Krabi | ||
4205 | ||||||
25.34 | Sukhirin-Tomo | Narathiwat | ||||
6.225 | Songkhla | |||||
4209 | ||||||
4210 | Downgraded to Local Highway with under control from Pattani Provincial Administration Organization | Pattani | ||||
4212 | ||||||
4215 | ||||||
5.911 | Entrance to Thaksin Ratchaniwet Palace | Narathiwat | ||||
22.676 | Dusongnyo-Ai-tako | Narathiwat | ||||
4218 | ||||||
4220 | ||||||
4221 | ||||||
4222 | ||||||
4226 | ||||||
4231 | ||||||
4239 | ||||||
15.853 | Sukhirin-Ai-tako | Narathiwat | ||||
4242 | ||||||
40.01 | Phichai Songkhram Road | Sadao-Ban Sathon | Songkhla | |||
21.781 | Betong Checkpoint-Ban Saho | Yala | ||||
4245 | ||||||
4249 | ||||||
4250 | ||||||
4255 | ||||||
4257 | ||||||
13.373 | Sako-Kia | Narathiwat | ||||
42.48 | Si Sakhon-Ai-tako | Narathiwat | ||||
19.35 | Yuenang-Khlong Ching | Yala | ||||
33.425 | Yala, Narathiwat | |||||
4274 | ||||||
4275 | ||||||
4279 | ||||||
4286 | ||||||
4288 | ||||||
4290 | ||||||
2 | Nong Chik Road | Pattani | ||||
1.2 | Ramkomut Road | Entrance to Ban Di | Pattani | |||
0.571 | Ramkomut Road | Pattani | ||||
0.262 | Pattani | |||||
4 Digits (43XX) | ||||||
1.4 | Narathiwat | |||||
4306 | ||||||
4307 | ||||||
3.127 | Manang Tayo-Khoksumu | Narathiwat | ||||
5.527 | Narathiwat | |||||
1.103 | Narathiwat | |||||
0.173 | Pattani | |||||
21.95 | Pakbang-Chulabhorn Development Village 10 | Yala | ||||
27.625 | Rattanakit Road | Betong-17 Km House | Yala | |||
6.46 | Narathiwat | |||||
3.532 | Hua Khao-Khao Tanyong | Narathiwat | ||||
1.559 | Entrance to Bang Ma Ruat | Pattani | ||||
0.226 | Entrance to Khae Khae Beach | Pattani | ||||
0.47 | Entrance to Chomwiw Beach | Pattani | ||||
1.355 | Pamai-Chomwiw Intersection | Pattani | ||||
4343 | ||||||
0.064 | Nong Chik Road | Entrance to Don Rak | Pattani | |||
0.251 | Ramkomut Road | Pattani | ||||
0.426 | Pattani | |||||
0.435 | Ramkomut Road | Pattani | ||||
0.12 | Entrance to Buecho | Pattani | ||||
0.12 | Entrance to Bang Pu | Pattani | ||||
4360 | ||||||
4361 | ||||||
11.058 | Sukyang Road | Khoyae - Kato | Yala | |||
0.72 | Narathiwat | |||||
3.328 | Mai Fat-Sam Yaek | Narathiwat | ||||
5.496 | Entrance to 2nd Sadao Checkpoint | Songkhla | ||||
0.42 | Entrance to Sakom Pakbang | Songkhla | ||||
8.959 | Sam Yaek-Yong Star | Trang | ||||
0.495 | Entrance to Wang Yao | Prachuap Khiri Khan | ||||
13.378 | Nong Hin - Singkhon Checkpoint | Used to be Rural Road PK.1039 | Prachuap Khiri Khan |
DOH signs for public highways (ทางหลวง, thang luang) are white squares with a black garuda (ครุฑ khrut) centered above the route number. Signs near the beginning of a route may display the highway's name on a white rectangle above or below the square. Highways bypassing city centres bear the principal route number marked "Bypass" in Thai (เลี่ยงเมือง), and sometimes also in English.
DORR rural roads do not follow the regional numbering scheme, above. Signs may be black-on-white or gold-on-blue, with a two-letter province designation prefixed to the road number. Depicted is SK. 3015, for a rural road in Songkhla Province. The rural road network measures some 35000km (22,000miles), about 82 percent of which is paved. The Department of Rural Roads of the Ministry of Transport takes care of the maintenance of all the rural roads in Thailand.[5]
See main article: Milestone.
Milestone as goal is lakh chai (หลักชัย); also see Lak Mueang, Lakh.
Thai: '''Lak''' or Thai: Lakh Thai: '''kilomet''' (Thai: หลักกิโลเมตร) single-carriageway kilometer stone facings display the route number on the outline of a garuda. Some kilometer stones also display the route number on top. Those located to the left of the carriageway display kilometers remaining to the road's beginning at kilometer 0. As seen on the right from the opposite lane, the kilometer stones ascend in value as one proceeds away from kilometer 0. On edges facing traffic, DOH kilometer stones usually show distances remaining to the next two towns, (amphoe seats, or provincial capitals.) Some edges, such as the one depicted to the left, have retroreflector panels. Dual carriageway kilometer stones or posts in the median strip show only the kilometer number.