Thai highway network explained

The Thai highway network follows the left-hand traffic rule of the road. The network is the twin responsibility of the Department of Highways (DOH, Thai: กรมทางหลวง, Krom Thang Luang), and the Department of Rural Roads (DORR, Thai: กรมทางหลวงชนบท, Krom Thang Luang Chonnabot), under the oversight of the Transportation ministry of Thailand. Public highways (Thai: ทางหลวง, thang luang) are also called public roads (Thai: ถนนหลวง, thanon luang), especially when part of urban streets. The network spans over 70,000 kilometers across all regions of Thailand.[1] Most are single carriageways. Dual carriageways have frequent u-turn lanes and intersections slowing down traffic. Coupled with the increase in the number of vehicles and the demand for a limited-access motorway, the Thai Government issued a Cabinet resolution in 1997 detailing the motorway construction master plan.[2] Some upgraded sections of highway are being turned into a "motorway", while other motorways are not being built from highway sections.

Types of highways

The 1992 Highway Act (Thai: พระราชบัญญัติทางหลวง พ.ศ. 2535), revised as the 2006 Highway Act (Thai: พระราชบัญญัติทางหลวง (ฉบับที่ 2) พ.ศ. 2549), defines the following five highway types:[3]

A special highway (Thai: ทางหลวงพิเศษ) or motorway is a high capacity highway designed for high speed traffic, for which the Department of Highways carries out construction, expansion, upkeep and repairs, and is registered as such. Motorway entrances and exits have controlled access, and controlled by the DOH. Registration of motorways is overseen by the Director General of the DOH.

A national highway (Thai: ทางหลวงแผ่นดิน) is a primary highway, part of the network connecting regions, provinces, districts, and other important destinations, for which the DOH carries out construction, expansion, upkeep and repairs. Registration of national highways is overseen by the Director General of the DOH.

A rural highway (Thai: ทางหลวงชนบท) or rural road is a highway for which the Department of Rural Roads carries out construction, expansion, upkeep and repairs. Registration of rural highways is overseen by the Director General of the DORR.

A local highway (Thai: ทางหลวงท้องถิ่น) or local route is a highway for which the local administrative organization carries out construction, expansion, upkeep and repairs. Registration of rural highways is overseen by the provincial governor.

A concession highway (Thai: ทางหลวงสัมปทาน) is a highway for which a legal government concession has been granted. Registration of concession highways is overseen by the Director General of the DOH.

Highway numbering

The first digit of a highway number indicates the region of Thailand it serves, with the number of digits indicating the highway classification.[4] These regions are:

  1. Northern Thailand.
  2. Northeastern Thailand.
  3. Central and eastern, including the upper south.
  4. Southern Thailand, except the upper south.

A single digit indicates one of four highways connecting Bangkok to outlying regions:

Two digits indicate a principal highway within a region, such as Route 22 in the northeast between Udon Thani and Nakhon Phanom.

Three digits indicate a regional secondary highway, such as northeastern Route 202 between Chaiyaphum and Khemarat, and central Route 314 between Bang Pakong and Cha Choeng Sao.

Four digits indicate an intra-province highway connecting a provincial capital to its districts, or between important sites, such as northern Route 1001 between the Route 11 intersection and Amphoe Phrao, and southern Route 4006 between the Route 4 intersection (Ratchakrut) and Lang Suan.

Highways by region

Northern Thailand

Route Km Name Destination Remarks Province
1-3 Digits
1,005 Phahonyothin Road ,, Bangkok, Pathum Thani, Ayutthaya, Saraburi, Nakhon Sawan, Chainat, Kamphaeng Phet, Tak, Lampang, Phayao, Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai
562.673 Wachirawut Damnoen Road; Super Highway Road Sing Buri, Nakhon Sawan, Phichit, Phitsanulok, Uttaradit, Phrae, Lampang, Lamphun, Chiang Mai
793.391 Jarodwithi Thong Road; Singhawat Road; Mittraphap Road; Maliwan Road; Srichan Road; Thinanon Road ,, Tak, Sukhothai, Phitsanulok, Phetchabun, Chaiyaphum, Khon Kaen, Kalasin, Roi Et, Mukdahan
4 Digits (10XX)
93.657 Chiang Mai
4 Digits (11XX)
6.05 Entrance to Doi Kiew Ruesi Phrae
4 Digits (12XX)
4 Digits (13XX)
12.049 Khamang-Pho Prathap Chang Phichit
4 Digits (14XX)
4.829 Entrance to Pa Mamuang Tak

Northeastern Thailand

Route Km Name Destination Remarks Province
1-3 Digits
495.409 Mittraphap Road Saraburi, Nakhon Ratchasima, Khon Kaen, Udon Thani, Nong Khai
412.874 Saraburi - Lom Sak Road; Lom Sak - Loei Road; Kotchaseni Road; Samakkhi Chai Road Saraburi, Lopburi, Phetchabun, Loei
239.171 Nittayo Road Udon Thani, Sakon Nakhon, Nakhon Phanom
278.752 Chaengsanit Road Khon Kaen, Maha Sarakham, Roi Et, Yasothon, Ubon Ratchathani
420.145 Sathon Mark Road Nakhon Ratchasima, Buriram, Surin, Sisaket, Ubon Ratchathani
4 Digits (20XX)
2001 Bung Nam Tao-Tham Phra Road Entrance to Ban Tham Phra Downgraded to local highway in under control of Phetchabun Provincial Administration Organization Phetchabun
4 Digits (21XX)
2100 Tubkob-Kokdu Road Tubkob-Kokdu Downgraded to Rural Road LY.4014 Loei
4 Digits (22XX)
2200 Prangku-Kammaet Road Prangku-Kammaet Downgraded to Local Highway with control from Prangku Subdistrict Administration Organization Sisaket
4 Digits (23XX)
30.337 Nong Nae-Nong Khuan Mahasarakham
4 Digits (24XX)
45.601 Old R.P.C Highway Nong Hin-Erawan Loei, Nong Bua Lamphu
4 Digits (26XX)
21.242 Motorway 6 Frontage Road Service road on the left side of Motorway 6 Bang Pa-in - Nong Khai Nakhon Ratchasima
14.197 Motorway 6 Frontage Road Service road on the right side of Motorway 6 Bang Pa-in - Nong Khai Nakhon Ratchasima

Central, western and eastern Thailand

Route Km Name Destination Remarks Province
1-3 Digits
426.931 Sukhumvit Road Bangkok, Samut Prakan, Chachoengsao, Chonburi, Rayong, Trat
23.510 Vibhavadi Rangsit Road Bangkok, Pathum Thani
150.545 Asian Road , Ayutthaya, Ang Thong, Sing Buri, Chainat, Nakhon Sawan
299.549 Suphanburi-Pa Mok Road; Phachi-Hinkong Road; Suwannason Road Suphanburi, Ang Thong, Ayutthaya, Saraburi, Nakhon Nayok, Prachinburi, Sa Kaeo
58.855 Debaratana Road / Bang Na–Trat Road Bangkok, Samut Prakan, Chachoengsao, Chonburi
84.041 Rama 2 Road Bangkok, Samut Sakhon, Samut Songkhram, Ratchaburi
57.021 Pattaya-Rayong Bypass Highway Chonburi, Rayong
47.468 Cha-am-Pranburi Bypass Road; Phetkasem Road Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan
7.327 Uttaraphimuk elevated road Memorial Elevated Walkway - Rangsit Bangkok, Pathum Thani
4 Digits (30XX)
4 Digits (31XX)
4 Digits (32XX)
4 Digits (33XX)
4 Digits (34XX)
4 Digits (35XX)
4 Digits (36XX)
4 Digits (37XX)
4 Digits (38XX)
4 Digits (39XX)

Southern Thailand

Route Km Name Destination Remarks Province
1-3 Digits
1270.044 Phetkasem Road; Kanchanawanit Road , Bangkok, Nakhon Pathom, Samut Sakhon, Ratchaburi, Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Chumphon, Ranong, Phang Nga, Krabi, Trang, Phatthalung, Songkhla
382.616 Asian Road Chumphon, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung
262.312 Phetkasem of Pattani-Narathiwat; Ramkomut Road; Korean Road Songkhla, Pattani, Narathiwat
107 Asian Road; Hat Yai-Pattani Highway; Pattani Bypass Highway Songkhla, Pattani
133.172 Southern Road Krabi, Surat Thani
282.963 Tharathibodi Road; Sriwichai Road; Talat Mai Road; Kanchanawithi Road; Pattanakan Khu Khwang Road; Road around Vajiravudh Camp Phang Nga, Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat
48.958 Thepkrasattri Road Phang Nga, Phuket
118.888 Kantang Road Nakhon Si Thammarat, Trang
133.663 Originally position was Trang-Palian, now Highway 416 merged to Highway 404 Trang-Satun
405 Ron Phibun-Phatthalung Road Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung
99.890 Yontrakankamthon Road; Satun Thani Road; Sulkanukun Road Songkhla, Satun
21.060 Kanchanawanit Road; Saiburi Road Songkhla
245.159 Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla
34.759 Thesaban 1 Road (Yala) Pattani, Yala
163.776 Yarang Road; Sirorot Road; Sukhyang Road Pattani, Yala
411 Uttarakit Road Downgraded to Local Highway with under control of Krabi Provincial Administration Organization Krabi
0.233 Ranong
413 5.29 Khokkloy Bypass Road Tonsae-Thungpho Phang Nga
24.315 Lopburi Ramesuan Road Songkhla
48.161 Krabi, Surat Thani
416 Palian-Chalung Road Trang, Satun
11.296 Surat Thani
35.649 Yarang Bypass Highway Pattani, Yala
31.255 Trang Ring Road Trang
31.702 Bang Bai Mai Road; Surat Thani Bypass Road (Tha Kup Intersection - Bang Kung Intersection); Surat Thani Ring Road Surat Thani
10.517 Wisetmayura Road; Satun Bypass Road Satun
7.183 Southeast Hat Yai Bypass Road Under planned Songkhla
4 Digits (40XX)
6.135 Chumphon-Thayang Chumphon
7.583 Lang Suan - Pak Nam Lang Suan Chumphon
14.012 Sawi - Bokha Chumphon
4004 Ruangrat Road Mueang Ranong - Pak Nam Ranong Downgraded to local highway Ranong
4005 Mueang Ranong - Hat Sompaen Downgraded to local highway Ranong
68.1 Ranong, Chumphon
4007 Donnok Road Entrance to Donnok Airport Intersection Downgraded to local highway Suratthani
2.002 Tharathibodi Road Thakham - Km.0 Intersection Suratthani
146.568 Chan Kasem Road; Poolsiri Road; Vibhavadi Rangsit Road; Surat Thani - Na San Road; Khlong Ha Road; Phra Saeng - Ao Luek Road Suratthani, Krabi
27.55 Kanchanadit - Kham Son Suratthani
9.004 Raksankit Road Choeng Samo - Phum Riang Suratthani
8.832 Huasai-Phraek Mueang Originally in Mueang Nakhon Si Thanmarat, now moved farther than Mueang Nakhon Si Thammarat Nakhon Si Thammarat
68.663 Nakhon Si Thammarat
17.53 Khlong Leng - Khanom Nakhon Si Thammarat
113.717 Karom Road; Ban Song-Nakhon Si Thammarat Road Nakhon Si Thammarat, Suratthani
31.208 Karom Road (Nakhon Si Thammarat-Ban Tan section); Nakhon Si Thammarat-Phrom Khiri Road Nakhon Si Thammarat
4017 Nakhon Si Thammarat, Songkhla
36.791 Thungpo - Pho Thong Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung
27.171 Nakhon Si Thammarat
1.642 Wichitsongkhram Road Phuket
6.473 Chaofa East Road Mueang Phuket - Chalong Intersection Phuket
0.488 Wichitsongkhram School - Surakul Stadium Phuket
8.77Sakdidet Road Mueang Phuket - Cape Panwa Phuket
22.72 Chaloem Phrakiat Road; Chao Fa West Road; Wises Road Bang Khu - Rawai Beach Phuket
6.95 Srisunthon Road Tha Ruea - Choeng Talae Phuket
4.13 Phuket
19.538 Tha Ruea - Mueang Mai Phuket
8.608 Patak Road Chalong - Karon Intersection Phuket
3.236 Phrabarami Road Kathu - Patong Phuket
40.540 Don Jom Tao Road; Ban Don - Choeng Talae Road; Srisunthon Road; Thawewong Road; Sirirat Road; Karon Road; Kata Road; Kata-Sai Yuan Road Thalang - Rawai Beach Phuket
13.093 Old Airport Road; Thepkrasattri-Naiyang Road Phuket
4036
4040
4042
4043
4044
4047
4048
4050
10.439 Padang Besa Road Songkhla
64.305 Ra-ngae Makha Road Narathiwat
53.238 Su-ngai Padi Road Narathiwat
25.517 Charoen Khet Road Originally was Tak Bai-Buketa, now part of Highway 42 on Tak Bai-Su-ngai Kolok section Narathiwat
31.386 Makhapinnit Road Narathiwat
4059 Removed/Unknown Ranong
50.833 Ratrat Phatthana Road Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat
36.842 Lamyai 2 Road; Yarang-Panare Highway Pattani
41.162 Originally was in Betong-17 Km House, now part of Highway 4326 and Highway 4062 rerouted to Buketa-Sukhirin road Narathiwat
9.917 Yala
4064 Sirorot Road Yala
10.76 Yala
54.679 Narathiwat, Yala
28.081 Yala, Narathiwat
6.258 Yala
4069 Designation decommissioned Yala
29.733 Yala
24.16 Yala, Pattani
4072 Na Pradu-Sai Khao Waterfall Downgraded to Rural Road PN.3060 Pattani
4073 Unknown
16.1 Pattani
7 Pattani
4076 1.5 Pattani
32.079 Yala
4078 Satun, Trang
4079 Talat Lang Road Surat Thani-Bang Kung Downgraded to Local Highway Surat Thani
4080 Chaloem Phrakiat Road Entrance to Ranong Municipality Control Area Ranong
16.15 Tha Nangphrom-Chongkae Phatthalung
11.335 Witunuthit 1 Road Yala
2.887 Songkhla
14.173 Chaturongrasamee Road Narathiwat
49.47 Songkhla, Yala
0.28
4087 Entrance to Khuan Mit Intersection Downgraded to Local Highway with under control of Songkhla Provincial Administration Organization Songkhla
4088 Entrance to Hanthao Train Station Intersection Downgraded to Local Highway Phatthalung
1.825 Thasap Road Yala
43.466 Phang Nga
71.858 Ranong, Chumphon
32 Yala, Pattani
4093 Unknown Yala
30.341 Bolo-Paknang Nakhon Si Thammarat
20.671 Saba Yoi-Khao Daeng Songkhla
4096 Khao Peep-Paknam Tako Downgraded to Rural Road CP.2063 Chumphon
4097 Lang Suan-Bang Nam Chip Designation decommissioned Chumphon
7.15 Khao Mathri-Sairi Beach Chumphon
6.5 Khao Muang-Wat Laem Sai Chumphon
4 Digits (41XX)
10.669 Surat Thani
4101
4102
4104
4105
4106
11.552 Narathiwat
4108
4109
0.075 Sulakanukun Road Entrance to Koh Nok Pier Satun
2.85 Entrance to Ban Prakob Songkhla
16.67 Narathiwat
4117 Designation decommissioned Songkhla
4120
4126
4127
4128
4130
4131 Songkhla
4132
10.187 Airport Road Songkhla
19.097 Khok Khian Road Narathiwat, Pattani
4146
4148
4149
4150
10.896 Narathiwat
27.25 Thasedet Road; Pattani Coastal Highway Originally was Lahan-Talokapor, now removed due to heavy wave damages Pattani
4160
4166
12.076 Pamai-Tonsai Pattani-Narathiwat
8.105 Tonsai-Talodueraman Narathiwat, Pattani
4171
4172
4173
4175
14.678 Patae-Bala Yala
4179
4180
4182
0.156 Entrance to Satun Customs House Satun
21.85 Wang Prachan Road Satun
4190
21.834 Tokweng 2 Road Originally was Su-ngai Padi-Ban Samyaek, now Highway 4057 rerouted to Bueloh intersection Narathiwat
4196
4 Digits (42XX)
4200 2.X Watchara Road Downgraded to local highway Krabi
4205
25.34 Sukhirin-Tomo Narathiwat
6.225 Songkhla
4209
4210 Downgraded to Local Highway with under control from Pattani Provincial Administration Organization Pattani
4212
4215
5.911 Entrance to Thaksin Ratchaniwet Palace Narathiwat
22.676 Dusongnyo-Ai-tako Narathiwat
4218
4220
4221
4222
4226
4231
4239
15.853 Sukhirin-Ai-tako Narathiwat
4242
40.01 Phichai Songkhram Road Sadao-Ban Sathon Songkhla
21.781 Betong Checkpoint-Ban Saho Yala
4245
4249
4250
4255
4257
13.373 Sako-Kia Narathiwat
42.48 Si Sakhon-Ai-tako Narathiwat
19.35 Yuenang-Khlong Ching Yala
33.425 Yala, Narathiwat
4274
4275
4279
4286
4288
4290
2 Nong Chik Road Pattani
1.2 Ramkomut Road Entrance to Ban Di Pattani
0.571 Ramkomut Road Pattani
0.262 Pattani
4 Digits (43XX)
1.4 Narathiwat
4306
4307
3.127 Manang Tayo-Khoksumu Narathiwat
5.527 Narathiwat
1.103 Narathiwat
0.173 Pattani
21.95 Pakbang-Chulabhorn Development Village 10 Yala
27.625 Rattanakit Road Betong-17 Km House Yala
6.46 Narathiwat
3.532 Hua Khao-Khao Tanyong Narathiwat
1.559 Entrance to Bang Ma Ruat Pattani
0.226 Entrance to Khae Khae Beach Pattani
0.47 Entrance to Chomwiw Beach Pattani
1.355 Pamai-Chomwiw Intersection Pattani
4343
0.064 Nong Chik Road Entrance to Don Rak Pattani
0.251 Ramkomut Road Pattani
0.426 Pattani
0.435 Ramkomut Road Pattani
0.12 Entrance to Buecho Pattani
0.12 Entrance to Bang Pu Pattani
4360
4361
11.058 Sukyang Road Khoyae - Kato Yala
0.72 Narathiwat
3.328 Mai Fat-Sam Yaek Narathiwat
5.496 Entrance to 2nd Sadao Checkpoint Songkhla
0.42 Entrance to Sakom Pakbang Songkhla
8.959 Sam Yaek-Yong Star Trang
0.495 Entrance to Wang Yao Prachuap Khiri Khan
13.378 Nong Hin - Singkhon Checkpoint Used to be Rural Road PK.1039 Prachuap Khiri Khan

Department of Highway signage

Route number signs

DOH signs for public highways (ทางหลวง, thang luang) are white squares with a black garuda (ครุฑ khrut) centered above the route number. Signs near the beginning of a route may display the highway's name on a white rectangle above or below the square. Highways bypassing city centres bear the principal route number marked "Bypass" in Thai (เลี่ยงเมือง), and sometimes also in English.

Department of Rural Roads

DORR rural roads do not follow the regional numbering scheme, above. Signs may be black-on-white or gold-on-blue, with a two-letter province designation prefixed to the road number. Depicted is SK. 3015, for a rural road in Songkhla Province. The rural road network measures some 35000km (22,000miles), about 82 percent of which is paved. The Department of Rural Roads of the Ministry of Transport takes care of the maintenance of all the rural roads in Thailand.[5]

Kilometer stones

See main article: Milestone.

Milestone as goal is lakh chai (หลักชัย); also see Lak Mueang, Lakh.

Thai: '''Lak''' or Thai: Lakh Thai: '''kilomet''' (Thai: หลักกิโลเมตร) single-carriageway kilometer stone facings display the route number on the outline of a garuda. Some kilometer stones also display the route number on top. Those located to the left of the carriageway display kilometers remaining to the road's beginning at kilometer 0. As seen on the right from the opposite lane, the kilometer stones ascend in value as one proceeds away from kilometer 0. On edges facing traffic, DOH kilometer stones usually show distances remaining to the next two towns, (amphoe seats, or provincial capitals.) Some edges, such as the one depicted to the left, have retroreflector panels. Dual carriageway kilometer stones or posts in the median strip show only the kilometer number.

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Thailand Public Relations Department Transport and Communication. Retrieved October 14, 2008.
  2. http://www.unescap.org/ttdw/common/TIS/AH/files/egm06/financing_thailand.pdf Paper "Privatization of Highway Infrastructure in Thailand" Bureau of Planning, Department of Highways, Thailand
  3. http://www.doh.go.th/dohweb/data/data_1.html DOH website, ประเภททางหลวง
  4. Web site: ระบบหมายเลขทางหลวง. Department of Highways website. Department of Highways. 13 August 2011. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20111005100851/http://www.doh.go.th/content.aspx?c_id=3&sc_id=11. 5 October 2011.
  5. World Bank, Transport in Thailand. Retrieved October 14, 2008.