Textual variants in the Hebrew Bible manuscripts arise when a copyist makes deliberate or inadvertent alterations to the text that is being reproduced. Textual criticism of the Hebrew Bible (or Old Testament) has included study of its textual variants.
Although the Masoretic Text (MT) counts as the authoritative form of the Hebrew Bible according to Rabbinic Judaism, modern scholars seeking to understand the history of the Hebrew Bible use a range of sources.[1] These include the Greek Septuagint (LXX), the Syriac language Peshitta translation, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea Scrolls collection, and quotations from rabbinic manuscripts. These sources may be older than the Masoretic Text in some cases, and often differ from it.[2] These differences have given rise to the theory that yet another text, an Urtext of the Hebrew Bible, once existed and is the source of the versions extant today.[3] However, such an Urtext has never been found, and which of the three commonly known versions (Septuagint, Masoretic Text, Samaritan Pentateuch) is closest to the Urtext is debated.[4]
This list provides examples of known textual variants, and contains the following parameters: Hebrew texts written right to left, the Hebrew text romanised left to right, an approximate English translation, and which Hebrew manuscripts or critical editions of the Hebrew Bible this textual variant can be found in. Greek (Septuagint) and Latin (Vulgate) texts are written left to right, and not romanised. Sometimes additional translation or interpretation notes are added, with references to similar verses elsewhere, or in-depth articles on the topic in question.
See main article: Textual variants in the Book of Genesis.
See main article: Textual variants in the Book of Exodus.
See main article: Textual variants in the Book of Numbers.
See main article: Textual variants in the Book of Deuteronomy.
Joshua 1:1
{{Script/Hebrew|עֶ֣בֶד יְהוָ֑ה וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ – WLC[5]
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: εἶπεν Κύριος||[the] Lord said|label=none – LXX[6] LXX Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: δούλου κυρίου και είπε κύριος||[the] servant of [the] lord and [the] lord said|label=none – ABP[7]
Latin: servi Domini, ut loqueretur Dominus||servant(s) of [the] Lord, so that [the] Lord might speak|label=none – Vg[8]
2 Samuel 8:12
{{Script/Hebrew|מֵאֲרָ֤ם – WLC[9] AC[10]
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἐκ τῆς Ἰδουμαίας||from Edom (Idumea)|label=none – LXX[11] LXX[12] Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ ἐκ τῆς Ἰδουμαίας||and from Edom (Idumea)|label=none – ABP[13]
Latin: de Syria||from Syria|label=none – Vg[14]
2 Samuel 8:12
{{Script/Hebrew|וּמִפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἀλλοφύλων||and from the foreigners|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton ABP
Latin: et Philisthiim||and [the] Philisthiim|label=none – Vg
Compare 1 Kings 16:15.
2 Samuel 8:13
{{Script/Hebrew|אֶת־אֲרָ֖ם – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τὴν Ἰδουμαίαν||Edom (Idumea)|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton ABP
Latin: Syria||Syria|label=none – Vg
2 Samuel 8:13
{{Script/Hebrew|בְּגֵיא־מֶ֑לַח – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἐν Γεβέλεμ||in Gebelem|label=none – LXX Brenton ABP
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἐν Γαιμελε||in Gaimele|label=none – LXX
Latin: in valle Salinarum||in [the] valley of (the) Salts|label=none – Vg
2 Samuel 8:18
{{Script/Hebrew|כֹּהֲנִ֥ים – WLC. This noun is the origin of the surname Cohen.
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: αὐλάρχαι||chiefs/rulers/princes of the palace/court|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton ABP. This noun is a compound of αὐλή ("court(yard)" or "hall/chamber/house") and ἀρχή ("authority"), related to archon ("ruler" or "chief magistrate").
Latin: sacerdotes||priests|label=none – Vg. Origin of the modern term sacerdotalism.
1 Kings 16:15
{{Script/Hebrew|בִּשְׁנַת֩ עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וָשֶׁ֜בַע שָׁנָ֗ה לְאָסָא֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֔ה מָלַ֥ךְ זִמְרִ֛י – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Καὶ Ζαμβρεὶ ἐβασίλευσεν||And Zambreì reigned|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Καὶ Ζαμβρὶ ἐβασίλευσεν||And Zambrì reigned|label=none – LXX Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: εν τω εικοστώ και εβδόμω έτει Ασά βασιλέως Ιούδα εβασίλευσεν Ζιμβρί||in the twenty and seventh year of Asa king of Judah, Zimbrí reigned|label=none – ABP
Latin: Anno vigesimo septimo Asa regis Juda, regnavit Zambri:||in the twenty-seventh year of Asa king of Judah, Zambri reigned:|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:15
{{Script/Hebrew|שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים בְּתִרְצָ֑ה – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἑπτὰ ἔτη ἐν Θερσά·||seven years in Thersá:|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας ἐν Θερσα.||seven days in Thersa.|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: εν Θερσά ημέρας επτά||in Thersá days seven|label=none – Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: εν Θερσά επτά ημέρας||in Thersá seven days|label=none – ABP
Latin: septem diebus in Thersa:||seven days in Thersa:|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:15
{{Script/Hebrew|וְהָעָ֣ם חֹנִ֔ים – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ ἡ παρεμβολὴ Ἰσραὴλ||and the camp of Israel|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton ABP
Latin: porro exercitus obsidebat||further (away), the army laid siege|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:15
{{Script/Hebrew|עַֽל־גִּבְּתֹ֖ון אֲשֶׁ֥ר לַפְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἐπὶ Γαβαὼν τῶν ἀλλοφύλων.||upon Gabaon of the foreigners.|label=none – LXX. τῶν ἀλλοφύλων literally means 'of the [people] of another tribe'.
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: επί Γαβαθών την των αλλοφύλων||upon Gabathon the [city] of the foreigners.|label=none – LXX Brenton ABP
Latin: Gebbethon urbem Philisthinorum||[upon] Gebbethon [the] city of the Philistines|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:16
{{Script/Hebrew|וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע הָעָם֙ הַחֹנִ֣ים לֵאמֹ֔ר – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ ἤκουσεν ὁ λαὸς ἐν τῇ παρεμβολῇ λεγόντων||And the people in the camp heard [it], saying|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton ABP
Latin: Cumque audisset||And when [he/she/it] heard [it]|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:16
{{Script/Hebrew|קָשַׁ֣ר זִמְרִ֔י וְגַ֖ם הִכָּ֣ה אֶת־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Συνεστράφη Ζαμβρεὶ καὶ ἔπαισεν τὸν βασιλέα·||Zambreì conspired and struck the king;|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Συνεστράφη Ζαμβρι καὶ ἔπαισεν τὸν βασιλέα·||Zambri conspired and struck the king;|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: συνεστράφη Ζαμβρὶ καὶ ἔπαισε τὸν βασιλέα·||Zambrì conspired and struck the king;|label=none – Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: συνεστράφη Ζαμβρί και έπαισε τον βασιλέα||Zambrí conspired and struck the king|label=none – ABP
Latin: rebellasse Zambri, et occidisse regem,||[that] Zambri had rebelled, and killed [the] king,|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:16
{{Script/Hebrew|אֶת־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τὸν Ζαμβρεί||Zambrei|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τὸν Αμβρι||Ambri|label=none – LXX[15]
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τὸν Ἀμβρὶ||Ambri|label=none – Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τον Αμβρί||Ambri|label=none – ABP
Latin: Amri,||Amri,|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:16
{{Script/Hebrew|צָבָ֧א – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τῆς [[:wikt:στρατεία|στρατείας]]||of the campaign/expedition|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τῆς [[:wikt:στρατία|στρατίας]]||of the army|label=none – LXX Brenton ABP
Latin: militiae||of the army ''or'' of the war/campaign|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:17
{{Script/Hebrew|עָמְרִ֛י וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל עִמֹּ֖ו מִֽגִּבְּתֹ֑ון – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Ζαμβρεὶ καὶ πᾶς Ἰσραὴλ μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἐν Γαβαθὼν||Zambreì and all Israel with him in Gabathòn|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Αμβρι καὶ πᾶς Ισραηλ μετ’ αὐτοῦ ἐκ Γαβαθων||Ambri and all Israel with him out of Gabathon|label=none – LXX Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Αμβρί εκ Γαβαθών και πας Ισραήλ μετ' αυτού||Ambrí out of Gabathón and all Israel with him|label=none – ABP
Latin: Amri, et omnis Israel cum eo, de Gebbethon,||Amri, and all Israel with him, from Gebbethon|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:18
{{Script/Hebrew|וַיָּבֹ֖א אֶל־אַרְמֹ֣ון בֵּית־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיִּשְׂרֹ֨ף עָלָ֧יו אֶת־בֵּֽית־מֶ֛לֶךְ בָּאֵ֖שׁ וַיָּמֹֽת׃ – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἐνεπύρισεν ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν τὸν οἶκον τοῦ βασιλέως, καὶ ἀπέθανεν·||the king himself set fire to the house of the king, and died;|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: εἰσπορεύεται εἰς ἄντρον τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ ἐνεπύρισεν ἐπ’ αὐτὸν τὸν οἶκον τοῦ βασιλέως ἐν πυρὶ και απέθανεν||[he] entered into [the] inner room of the house of the king and [he] set fire to the house of the king over himself with fire and died|label=none – LXX ABP
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: πορεύεται εἰς άντρον του οίκου του βασιλέως, και ενεπύρισεν επ' αυτόν τον οίκον του βασιλέως, και απέθανεν||[he] went into [the] inner room of the house of the king, and [he] set fire to the house of the king over himself, and died|label=none – Brenton
Latin: ingressus est palatium, et succendit se cum domo regia: et mortuus est||[he] entered [the] palace, and burnt himself with [the] royal house: and [he] died|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:19
{{Script/Hebrew|חטאתו – K
{{Script/Hebrew|חַטֹּאתָיו֙ – Q
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτοῦ||of his sins|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton ABP
Latin: in peccatis suis||in his sins|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:19
{{Script/Hebrew|אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: αις εποίησεν||which [he] did/committed|label=none – ABP
Latin: quo fecit||which [he] did|label=none – Vg
omitted – LXX LXX Brenton
1 Kings 16:20
{{Script/Hebrew|וְקִשְׁרֹ֖ו אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָשָׁ֑ר – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ τὰς συνάψεις αὐτοῦ ἃς συνῆψεν||and his associations [he] joined in|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton ABP
Latin: et insidiarum ejus, et tyrannidis||and of his intrigues/plots, and tyranny|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:21
{{Script/Hebrew|תִבְנִ֤י בֶן־גִּינַת֙ – WLC[16]
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Θαμνεὶ υἱοῦ Γωνὰθ||Thamneì son of Gōnàth|label=none – LXX[17]
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Θαμνι υἱοῦ Γωναθ||Thamni son of Gōnath|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Θαμνὶ υἱοῦ Γωνὰθ||Thamnì son of Gōnàth|label=none – Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Θαβνί υιόυ Γινήθ||Thabní son of Ginḗth|label=none – ABP[18]
Latin: Thebni filium Gineth||Thebni son of Gineth|label=none – Vg[19]
1 Kings 16:21
{{Script/Hebrew|עָמְרִֽי׃ – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Ζαμβρεί.||Zambrei.|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Αμβρι.||Ambri.|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Ἀμβρί.||Ambri.|label=none – Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Αμβρί.||Ambri.|label=none – ABP
Latin: Amri.||Amri.|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:22
{{Script/Hebrew|וַיֶּחֱזַ֤ק הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַחֲרֵ֣י עָמְרִ֔י אֶת־הָעָ֕ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַחֲרֵ֖י תִּבְנִ֣י בֶן־גִּינַ֑ת – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ ἡττήθη ὁ λαὸς ὁ ὢν ὀπίσω Θαμνεὶ υἱοῦ Γωνάθ·||And defeated was the people being after Thamneì son of Gōnàth:|label=none – LXX. ἡττάομαι is an Attic variation of the verb ἡσσάομαι ("to be less/weaker than, to be defeated")
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Ὁ λαὸς ὁ ὢν ὀπίσω Ἀμβρί υπερεκράτησε τον λαόν τον οπίσω Θαμνὶ υἱοῦ Γωνὰθ·||The people being after Ambri prevailed over the people being after Thamnì son of Gōnàth|label=none – LXX Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: και ο λαός ο ων οπίσω Αμβρί υπερεκράτησε τον λαόν τον οπίσω Θαβνί υιόυ Γινήθ||And the people being after Ambri prevailed over the people being after Thabní son of Ginḗth|label=none – ABP
Latin: Praevaluit autem populus qui erat cum Amri, populo qui sequebatur Thebni filium Gineth:||But the people who were with Amri prevailed, over the people who followed Thebni son of Gineth:|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:22
{{Script/Hebrew|וַיָּ֣מָת תִּבְנִ֔י וַיִּמְלֹ֖ךְ עָמְרִֽי׃ פ – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ ἀπέθανεν Θαμνεὶ καὶ Ἰωρὰμ ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ, καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Ζαμβρεὶ μετὰ Θαμνεί.||And Thamneì and Joram the brother of him died at that time, and Zambrei ruled after Thamneì.|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ ἀπέθανεν Θαμνι καὶ Ιωραμ ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ, καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Αμβρι μετὰ Θαμνι.||And Thamni and Joram the brother of him died at that time, and Ambri ruled after Thamni.|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ ἀπέθανε Θαμνὶ καὶ Ἰωρὰμ ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ, καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Ἀμβρί μετὰ Θαμνί.||And Thamnì and Joram the brother of him died at that time, and Ambri ruled after Thamnì.|label=none – Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: και απέθανε Θαβνί και εβασίλευσεν Αμβρί.||And Thabní died and Ambri reigned.|label=none – ABP
Latin: mortuusque est Thebni, et regnavit Amri.||and Thebni died, and Amri reigned.|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:28
{{Script/Hebrew|וַיִּשְׁכַּ֤ב עָמְרִי֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו וַיִּקָּבֵ֖ר בְּשֹׁמְרֹ֑ון וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ אַחְאָ֥ב בְּנֹ֖ו תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ ἐκοιμήθη Ζαμβρεὶ μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ, καὶ θάπτεται ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ· καὶ βασιλεύει Ἀχαὰβ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἀντ᾽ αὐτοῦ.|||label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ ἐκοιμήθη Αμβρι μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ καὶ θάπτεται ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ, καὶ βασιλεύει Αχααβ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἀντ αὐτοῦ.|||label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Ἀμβρί.||Ambri.|label=none – Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: και εκοιμήθη Αμβρί μετά των πατέρων αυτού και θάπτεται εν Σαμαρεία και εβασίλευσεν Αχαάβ ο υιός αυτού αντ' αυτού|||label=none – ABP
Latin: Dormivitque Amri cum patribus suis, et sepultus est in Samaria: regnavitque Achab filius ejus pro eo.|||label=none – Vg
A long addition is found in the Septuagint of Codex Vaticanus following 1 Kings 16:28 (numbered as verses 28a–28h).
1 Kings 16:28a
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: [1] Καὶ ἐν τῷ ἐνιαυτῷ τῷ ἑνδεκάτῳ ἔτει τοῦ Ζαμβρεὶ βασιλεύει Ἰωσαφὰθ υἱὸς Ἀσά· βασιλεύει ἐτῶν τριάκοντα καὶ πέντε ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ, καὶ εἴκοσι πέντε ἔτη βασιλεύει ἐν Ἰερουσαλήμ· καὶ ὄνομα τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ Γαβουζά, θυγάτηρ Σελεεί.|||label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τοῦ Αμβρι...Ιωσαφατ υἱὸς Ασα ἐτῶν...ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ,...Γαζουβα θυγάτηρ Σελει.|||label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τοῦ Ἀμβρί...Ιωσαφατ υἱὸς Ασα ἐτῶν...εἴκοσιπέντε...ἐβασιλευσεν....Γαζουβά, θυγάτηρ Σελί·|||label=none – Brenton
omitted – WLC ABP Vg
1 Kings 16:28b
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: [2] καὶ ἐπορεύθη ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ Ἀσὰ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ, καὶ οὐκ ἐξέκλινεν ἀπ᾽ αὐτῆς τοῦ ποιεῖν τὸ εὐθὲς ἐνώπιον Κυρίου· πλὴν τῶν ὑψηλῶν οὐκ ἐξῆραν, ἔθυον ἐν τοῖς ὑψηλοῖς καὶ ἐθυμίων.||And he went in the way of Asa his father, and he did not deviate from it to do what is right before the Lord; only they did not remove [any] of the high places, they sacrificed and burnt incense on the high places.|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton
omitted – WLC ABP Vg
1 Kings 16:28c
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: [3] καὶ ἃ συνέθετο Ἰωσαφάθ, καὶ πᾶσα δυναστεία ἣν ἐποίησεν, καὶ οὓς ἐπολέμησεν, οὐκ ἰδοὺ ταῦτα γεγραμμένα ἐν βιβλίῳ λόγων τῶν ἡμερῶν τῶν βασιλέων Ἰούδα;||And what Josaphat composed, and all dynasty which he made, and those who fought, are these [things] not written in the book of the words of the days of the kings of Judah?|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ...Ιωσαφατ,...ἡ δυναστεία,...|||label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ...Ἰωσαφάτ μετὰ βασίλεως Ἰσραὴλ,...ἐποίησε...|||label=none – Brenton
omitted – WLC ABP Vg
1 Kings 16:28d
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: [4] καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν συμπλοκῶν ἃς ἐπέθεντο ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις Ἀσὰ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ ἐξῆρεν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς.|||label=none – LXX LXX Brenton
omitted – WLC ABP Vg
1 Kings 16:28e
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: [5] καὶ βασιλεὺς οὐκ ἦν ἐν Συρίᾳ· νασεὶβ ὁ βασιλεύς.|||label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ...νασιβ.|||label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ...Νασὶβ.|||label=none – Brenton
omitted – WLC ABP Vg
1 Kings 16:28f
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: [6] ἐποίησεν ναῦν εἰς Θαρσεὶς πορεύεσθαι εἰς Σωφείρ, πορεύεσθαι ἐπὶ τὸ χρυσίον· καὶ οὐκ ἐπορεύθη, ὅτι συνετρίβη ἡ ναῦς ἐν Γασιὼν Γάβερ.|||label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς Ιωσαφατ ἐποίησεν...Θαρσις...Σωφιρ ἐπὶ...Γασιωνγαβερ.|||label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Καὶ ὁ βασιλεύς Ἰωσαφάτ ἐποίησε...Θαρσὶς...Σωφίρ ἐπὶ...|||label=none – Brenton
omitted – WLC ABP Vg
1 Kings 16:28g
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: [7] τότε εἶπεν βασιλεὺς Ἰσραὴλ πρὸς Ἰωσαφάθ Ἐξαποστελῶ τοὺς παῖδάς σου καὶ τὰ παιδάριά μου ἐν τῇ νηί· καὶ οὐκ ἐβούλετο Ἰωσαφάθ.|||label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ...ὁ βασιλεὺς...Ἰωσαφάτ...Ἰωσαφάτ·|||label=none – LXX Brenton
omitted – WLC ABP Vg
1 Kings 16:28h
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: [8] καὶ ἐκοιμήθη Ἰωσαφὰθ μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ ἐν πόλει Δαυείδ· καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Ἰωρὰμ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἀντ᾽ αὐτοῦ.||And Josaphàth slept with his fathers in the city of Daveíd: and Joram his son reigned instead of him.|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ ἐκοιμήθη Ιωσαφατ μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ καὶ θάπτεται μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ ἐν πόλει Δαυιδ,...||And Josaphàt slept with his fathers and was buried with his fathers in the city of David,...|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ...Ἰωσαφάτ...Δαυίδ·...||...Josaphàt...Davíd:...|label=none – Brenton
omitted – WLC LXX ABP Vg
1 Kings 16:29
{{Script/Hebrew|וְאַחְאָ֣ב בֶּן־עָמְרִ֗י מָלַךְ֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בִּשְׁנַ֨ת שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וּשְׁמֹנֶה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה לְאָסָ֖א מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַ֠יִּמְלֹךְ אַחְאָ֨ב בֶּן־עָמְרִ֤י עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּשֹׁ֣מְרֹ֔ון עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁתַּ֖יִם שָׁנָֽה׃ – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Ἐν ἔτει δευτέρῳ τῷ Ἰωσαφὰθ βασιλεύει Ἀχαὰβ υἱὸς Ζαμβρεί· ἐβασίλευσεν ἐπὶ Ἰσραὴλ ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ εἴκοσι καὶ δύο ἔτη.||In the second year of Josaphath reigned Achaáb son of Zambreí; [he] reigned over Israel in Samaria twenty and two years|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Ἐν ἔτει δευτέρῳ τῷ Ιωσαφατ βασιλεύει Αχααβ υἱὸς Αμβρι· ἐβασίλευσεν ἐπὶ Ισραηλ ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ εἴκοσι καὶ δύο ἔτη.||In the second year of Josaphat reigned Achaab son of Ambri: [he] reigned over Israel in Samaria twenty and two years.|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Ἐν ἔτει δευτέρῳ τοῦ Ἰωσαφὰτ βασιλέως Ἰούδα, Ἀχαὰβ υἱὸς Ἀμβρὶ ἐβασίλευσεν ἐπὶ Ἰσραὴλ ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ εἴκοσι καὶ δύο ἔτη.||In the second year of Josaphat king of Judah, Achaáb son of Ambrì reigned over Israel in Samaria twenty and two years.|label=none – Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ο δε Αχαάβ υιός Αμβρί εβασίλευσεν επί Ισραήλ εν έτει τριακοστώ και ογδόω του Ασά βασιλέως Ιούδα βασιλεύει δε Αχαάβ υιός Αμβρί επί Ισραήλ εν Σαμαρεία είκοσι και δύο έτη||But Achaáb the son of Ambrí reigned over Israel in the thirtieth and eighth year of Asa king of Judah. And Achaáb the son of Ambrí reigned over Israel in Samaria for twenty and two years.|label=none – ABP
Latin: Achab vero filius Amri regnavit super Israel anno trigesimo octavo Asa regis Juda. Et regnavit Achab filius Amri super Israel in Samaria viginti et duobus annis.||Achab [the] real son of Amri reigned over Israel in (the) thirty-eighth year of Asa king of Judah. And Achab (the) son of Amri reigned over Israel in Samaria for twenty-two years.|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:30
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἐπονηρεύσατο||[he was] wicked|label=none – LXX LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: και επονηρεύσατο||and [he was] wicked|label=none – Brenton ABP
omitted – WLC Vg
1 Kings 16:31
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τὴν Ἰεζάβελ θυγατέρα Ἰεθεβάαλ βασιλέως Σιδωνίων,||Iezábel daughter [of] Iethebáal king of the Sidonians,|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Ιεζάβελ την θυγατέρα Εθβαάλ βασιλέως Σιδωνείων||Iezábel the daughter [of] Ethbaál king of the Sidonians|label=none – ABP
1 Kings 16:32
{{Script/Hebrew|בֵּ֣ית הַבַּ֔עַל – WLC
{{Script/Hebrew|בית בעל – Kennicott
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἐν οἴκῳ τῶν προσοχθισμάτων αὐτοῦ||in the house of his abominations|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: εν οίκω του Βάαλ||in [the] house of Báal|label=none – ABP
Latin: in templo Baal||in [the] temple [of] Baal|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:33
{{Script/Hebrew|וַיַּ֥עַשׂ אַחְאָ֖ב אֶת־הָאֲשֵׁרָ֑ה – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ ἐποίησεν Ἀχαὰβ ἄλσος·||And Achaàb made/prepared [a/the] [[sacred grove]]:|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: και εποίησεν Αχαάβ το άλσος||And Achaáb prepared the [[sacred grove]]|label=none – ABP
Latin: et plantavit lucum:||and [he] planted [a] (sacred) grove:|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:33
{{Script/Hebrew|לְהַכְעִיס֙ אֶת־יְהֹוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: παροργίσαι τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ, τοῦ ἐξολοθρευθήναι· ἐκακοποίησεν||to provoke the anger of his own life, so that he should be annihilated: he did evil|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: παροργίσαι τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ τοῦ ἐξολεθρευθῆναι· ἐκακοποίησεν||to provoke the anger of his own life so that he should be destroyed: he did evil|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: παροργίσαι τον Κύριον Θεὸν τοῦ Ἰσραήλ, καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἐξολοθρευθῆναι, ἐκακοποίησεν||to provoke the anger of the Lord God of Israel, and of his own life so that he should be destroyed, he did evil|label=none – Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: παροργίσαι τον κύριον θεόν του Ισραήλ||to provoke the anger of the lord god of Israel|label=none – ABP
Latin: irritans Dominum Deum Israel||irritating [the] Lord God Israel|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:34
{{Script/Hebrew|בְּיָמָ֞יו בָּנָ֥ה חִיאֵ֛ל בֵּ֥ית הָאֱלִ֖י אֶת־יְרִיחֹ֑ה – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ᾨκοδόμησεν Ἀχειὴλ ὁ Βαιθηλείτης τὴν Ἰερειχώ·||Acheièl the Baithelite built Iereicho:|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις αὐτοῦ ᾠκοδόμησεν Αχιηλ ὁ Βαιθηλίτης τὴν Ιεριχω·||In his days, Achiel the Baithelite built Iericho:|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις αὐτοῦ ᾠκοδόμησεν Αχιὴλ ὁ Βαιθηλίτης τὴν Ἱεριχω·||And in his days, Achièl the Baithelite built Hiericho:|label=none – Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: εν ταις ημέραις αυτού ωκοδόμησεν Χιήλ ο Βεθελίτης την Ιεριχώ||In his days, Chiél the Bethelite built Iericho|label=none – ABP
Latin: In diebus ejus aedificavit Hiel de Bethel Jericho:||In his days Hiel of Bethel (has) built Jericho:|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:34
{{Script/Hebrew|וּבִשְׂגִיב – K
{{Script/Hebrew|וּבִשְׂג֤וּב – Q
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ τῷ Ζεγοὺβ||and on Zegoùb|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ τῷ Σεγουβ||and on Segoub|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ τῷ Σεγουβ||and on Segoùb|label=none – Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: και εν τω Σεγούβ||and on Segoúb|label=none – ABP
Latin: et in Segub||and on Segub|label=none – Vg
Songs 1:1
{{Script/Hebrew|שִׁ֥יר הַשִּׁירִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִשְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ – WLC[20]
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΣΜΑ ᾀσμάτων, ὅ ἐστιν τῷ Σαλωμών.||SONG of songs, which is to Salomon.|label=none – LXX[21]
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Ἆισμα ᾀσμάτων, ὅ ἐστιν τῷ Σαλωμων.||Song of songs, which is to Salomon.|label=none – LXX[22]
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ΑΣΜΑ ᾀσμάτων, ὅ ἐστι τῷ Σαλωμών.||SONG of songs, which is to Salomon.|label=none – Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: άσμα ασμάτων ο εστι τω Σολομώντι||[A] song of songs which is to Solomon.|label=none – ABP[23]
omitted – Vg.[24] Note: because Vg omits the first verse, it has only 16 verses in this chapter; the numbering shifts backwards, so that verse 1:2 in Hebrew and Greek becomes verse 1:1 in Latin etc.
Songs 1:3
{{Script/Hebrew|שֶׁ֖מֶן – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: μύρον||perfume/ointment|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: μύρου||of perfume/ointment|label=none – ABP
Latin: Oleum||Oil|label=none – Vg
Songs 1:5
{{Script/Hebrew|בְּנֹ֖ות יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: θυγατέρες Ἰσραήλ||O daughters of Israel|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: θυγατέρες Ιερουσαλήμ||O daughters of Jerusalem|label=none – LXX Brenton ABP
Latin: filiae Jerusalem||(O) daughters of Jerusalem ''or'' of/to (the) daughter Jerusalem ''or'' Jerusalem of/to [a/the] daughter|label=none – Vg
Songs 1:5
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: δέρρις Σαλωμών.||[the] hide/leathern coverings/curtains of Salomon.|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: δέρρεις Σαλωμων.||[the] hide/leathern coverings/curtains of Salomon.|label=none – LXX Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: δέρρεις Σολομώντος||[the] hide/leathern coverings/curtains of Solomon.|label=none – ABP
Songs 1:6
{{Script/Hebrew|אַל־תִּרְא֙וּנִי֙ שֶׁאֲנִ֣י שְׁחַרְחֹ֔רֶת שֶׁשֱּׁזָפַ֖תְנִי הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: μὴ βλέψητέ με, ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι μεμελανωμένη, ὅτι παρέβλεψέ(ν) με ὁ ἥλιος·||Do not look at me, because I am being blackened, because the sun has looked over me;|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ...μελανωμένη...||...blackened...|label=none – ABP
Latin: Nolite me considerare quod fusca sim, quia decoloravit me sol.||Do not think that I am black/brown, because [the] sun has discoloured me.|label=none – Vg
Songs 1:13
{{Script/Hebrew|בֵּ֥ין שָׁדַ֖י יָלִֽין׃ – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν μαστῶν μου αὐλισθήσεται·||between my breasts [he] shall spend the night;|label=none – LXX Brenton ABP
Latin: inter ubera mea commorabitur||between my breasts [it] will stay|label=none – Vg
omitted – LXX
Songs 1:14
{{Script/Hebrew|אֶשְׁכֹּ֨ל הַכֹּ֤פֶר ׀ דֹּודִי֙ לִ֔י – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: βότρυς τῆς κύπρου ἀδελφιδός μου ἐμοὶ||A cluster of [[henna]] is my beloved [man]|label=none – LXX Brenton ABP. κύπρος is a Semitic loanword identical with Hebrew kōp̱er, meaning "henna". When capitalised, this word is identical to the Greek name of Cyprus, which may or may not have been derived from this word.
Latin: Botrus cypri dilectus meus||My beloved cluster of henna|label=none – Vg. cyprus, not to be confused with the island of Cyprus, is the latinisation of κύπρος, and the origin of the English word cypress.
omitted – LXX
Songs 1:16
{{Script/Hebrew|אַף־ עַרְשֵׂ֖נוּ רַעֲנָנָֽה׃ – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: πρὸς κλίνη(ν) ἡμῶν σύσκιος,||to our shady bed.{{r|ABP-songs1 – LXX LXX Brenton ABP
Latin: Lectulus noster floridus.||Our couch / little bed [is] flowery.|label=none – Vg
Songs 1:17
{{Script/Hebrew|רחיטנו – K
{{Script/Hebrew|רַהִיטֵ֖נוּ – Q
Songs 2:3
{{Script/Hebrew|לְחִכִּֽי׃ – WLC[25]
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἐν λάρυγγί μου.||in my throat/gullet.|label=none – LXX[26] LXX Brenton ABP.[27] λάρυγξ is the origin of the modern English word larynx.
Latin: gutturi meo.||in my throat.|label=none – Vg.[28] guttur is the origin of the modern English word goitre.
Songs 2:6
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: περιλήψεται||will embrace|label=none – ABP Brenton (classical Greek spelling)
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: περιλήμψεται||will embrace|label=none – LXX LXX (Koine Greek spelling)
Compare Deuteronomy 22:30
Songs 2:7
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἐν δυνάμεσι(ν)||by powers|label=none – LXX Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: εν ταις δυνάμεσι(ν)||by the powers|label=none – LXX ABP
Songs 2:8
{{Script/Hebrew|זֶ֖ה – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: οὗτος||this [one]|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ούτως||thus / in this way|label=none – ABP
Latin: iste||that [one]|label=none – Vg
Songs 2:9
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἐπὶ τὰ ὄρη Βαιθήλ.||on the mountains of Baithel|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton
omitted – WLC ABP Vg
Compare Songs 2:17.
Songs 2:17
{{Script/Hebrew|עַל־הָ֥רֵי בָֽתֶר׃ ס – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἐπὶ ὄρη κοιλωμάτων.||encircling upon the mountains.|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton ABP
Latin: super montes Bether.||on/above the mountains [of] Bether.|label=none – Vg
Compare Songs 2:9.
Songs 3:3
{{Script/Hebrew|רְאִיתֶֽם׃ – WLC[29]
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: εἴδετε;||Have you known....?|label=none – LXX[30] LXX. From the verb οἶδα ("to know").
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ίδετε;||Do you see....?|label=none – Brenton ABP.[31] From the verb εἶδον ("to see").
Latin: vidistis?||Have you seen....?|label=none – Vg.[32] The Latin verb vidēo ("I see") is the origin of the modern English word video.
Songs 3:7
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τοῦ Σαλωμών,||of Salomon,|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: του Σολομώντος||of Solomon|label=none – ABP
Songs 3:8
{{Script/Hebrew|חֶ֔רֶב – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ρομφαίαν||a ''[[rhomphaia]]'' / a (Greek single-edged) broadsword|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton ABP
Latin: gladios||''[[gladius|gladii]]'' / (Roman double-edged) swords|label=none – Vg
Compare Judges 19:29.
Songs 3:9
{{Script/Hebrew|שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Σαλωμών||Salomon|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Σολομών||Solomon|label=none – ABP
Latin: Salomon||Salomon|label=none – Vg
Songs 3:10
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀργύριον||silver|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: αργυρίου||of silver ''or'' silvery / a piece of silver|label=none – ABP
Songs 3:11
{{Script/Hebrew|צְאֶ֧ינָה ׀ וּֽרְאֶ֛ינָה בְּנֹ֥ות צִיֹּ֖ון – WLC
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἐξέλθατε καὶ ἴδετε||come forth and behold|label=none – LXX LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Θυγατέρες Σιών εξέλθετε, και ίδετε||O daughters of Sion come forth, and behold|label=none – Brenton
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: εξέλθετε και ίδετε θυγατέρες Σιών||Come forth and behold, o daughters of Sion|label=none – ABP
Latin: Egredimini et videte, filiae Sion,||Go out and see, (o) daughters of Sion,|label=none – Vg
{{Script/Hebrew|עַלְמָה – WLC[33] 1QIsa[34]
{{Script/Hebrew|עוּלֶמְתָּא – Targ
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: παρθένος||virgin|label=none – LXX LXX[35] ABP[36] Brenton
Latin: virgo||virgin|label=none – Vg[37] Vg[38]
13
{{Script/Hebrew|וַתְּהִ֤י יִרְאָתָם֙ אֹתִ֔י מִצְוַ֥ת אֲנָשִׁ֖ים מְלֻמָּדָֽה׃ – MT
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: μάτην δὲ σέβονταί με διδάσκοντες ἐντάλματα ἀνθρώπων καὶ διδασκαλίας.||and in vain they worship me, teaching [the] precepts and instructions of men.|label=none – LXX,[39] ABP[40]
Compare New Testament quotation:
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: μάτην δὲ σέβονταί με, διδάσκοντες διδασκαλίας ἐντάλματα ἀνθρώπων·||In vain they now worship me, teaching [as] doctrines [the] precepts of men.|label=none – Mark 7:7
3
{{Script/Hebrew|מְסִלָּ֖ה לֵאלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ – MT
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τὰς τρίβους τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν.||the roads of our God.|label=none – LXX,[41] ABP[42]
Latin: semitas Dei nostri.||[the] paths of our God.|label=none – Vg[43] Vg[44]
Compare New Testament quotations:
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τὰς τρίβους αὐτοῦ·||the roads of him.|label=none – Mark 1:3, Matthew 3:3 Luke 3:4
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τὴν ὁδὸν Κυρίου||the way of [the] Lord|label=none – John 1:23
{{Script/Hebrew|עַבְדִּ֔י – MT
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: παίδες μου||my servants|label=none – ABP
10
{{Script/Hebrew|יִרְאֶ֥ה זֶ֖רַע יַאֲרִ֣יךְ יָמִ֑ים – MT
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ὄψεται σπέρμα μακρόβιον·|opsetai sperma makrobion.|[he] shall see a long-lived seed.|label=none – LXX, ABP Brenton
Latin: videbit semen longævum,||[he] will see long-lived seed,|label=none – Vg Vg
11
{{Script/Hebrew|יִרְאֶ֣ה – MT
{{Script/Hebrew|יראה אור – 4QIsa[45]
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: δείξαι αυτῴ φῶς||to show to him light|label=none – LXX,[45] LXX,[46] ABP[47] Brenton
Latin: videbit||[he] will see|label=none – Vg[48] Vg[49]