Textual variants in the Hebrew Bible manuscripts arise when a copyist makes deliberate or inadvertent alterations to the text that is being reproduced. Textual criticism of the Hebrew Bible (or Old Testament) has included study of its textual variants.
Although the Masoretic Text (MT) counts as the authoritative form of the Hebrew Bible according to Rabbinic Judaism, modern scholars seeking to understand the history of the Hebrew Bible use a range of sources.[1] These include the Greek Septuagint (LXX), the Syriac language Peshitta translation, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Dead Sea Scrolls collection, and quotations from rabbinic manuscripts. These sources may be older than the Masoretic Text in some cases, and often differ from it.[2] These differences have given rise to the theory that yet another text, an Urtext of the Hebrew Bible, once existed and is the source of the versions extant today.[3] However, such an Urtext has never been found, and which of the three commonly known versions (Septuagint, Masoretic Text, Samaritan Pentateuch) is closest to the Urtext is debated.[4]
This list provides examples of known textual variants, and contains the following parameters: Hebrew texts written right to left, the Hebrew text romanised left to right, an approximate English translation, and which Hebrew manuscripts or critical editions of the Hebrew Bible this textual variant can be found in. Greek (Septuagint) and Latin (Vulgate) texts are written left to right, and not romanised. Sometimes additional translation or interpretation notes are added, with references to similar verses elsewhere, or in-depth articles on the topic in question.
See main article: Textual variants in the Book of Genesis.
See main article: Textual variants in the Book of Exodus.
See main article: Textual variants in the Book of Numbers.
See main article: Textual variants in the Book of Deuteronomy.
Joshua 1:1
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|עֶ֣בֶד יְהוָ֑ה וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ – WLC[5]
grc|εἶπεν Κύριος||[the] Lord said|label=none – LXX[6] LXX Brenton
grc|δούλου κυρίου και είπε κύριος||[the] servant of [the] lord and [the] lord said|label=none – ABP[7]
la|servi Domini, ut loqueretur Dominus||servant(s) of [the] Lord, so that [the] Lord might speak|label=none – Vg[8]
2 Samuel 8:12
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|מֵאֲרָ֤ם – WLC[9] AC[10]
grc|ἐκ τῆς Ἰδουμαίας||from Edom (Idumea)|label=none – LXX[11] LXX[12] Brenton
grc|καὶ ἐκ τῆς Ἰδουμαίας||and from Edom (Idumea)|label=none – ABP[13]
la|de Syria||from Syria|label=none – Vg[14]
2 Samuel 8:12
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|וּמִפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖ים – WLC
grc|καὶ ἐκ τῶν ἀλλοφύλων||and from the foreigners|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton ABP
la|et Philisthiim||and [the] Philisthiim|label=none – Vg
Compare 1 Kings 16:15.
2 Samuel 8:13
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|אֶת־אֲרָ֖ם – WLC
grc|τὴν Ἰδουμαίαν||Edom (Idumea)|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton ABP
la|Syria||Syria|label=none – Vg
2 Samuel 8:13
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|בְּגֵיא־מֶ֑לַח – WLC
grc|ἐν Γεβέλεμ||in Gebelem|label=none – LXX Brenton ABP
grc|ἐν Γαιμελε||in Gaimele|label=none – LXX
la|in valle Salinarum||in [the] valley of (the) Salts|label=none – Vg
2 Samuel 8:18
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|כֹּהֲנִ֥ים – WLC. This noun is the origin of the surname Cohen.
grc|αὐλάρχαι||chiefs/rulers/princes of the palace/court|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton ABP. This noun is a compound of αὐλή ("court(yard)" or "hall/chamber/house") and ἀρχή ("authority"), related to archon ("ruler" or "chief magistrate").
la|sacerdotes||priests|label=none – Vg. Origin of the modern term sacerdotalism.
1 Kings 16:15
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|בִּשְׁנַת֩ עֶשְׂרִ֨ים וָשֶׁ֜בַע שָׁנָ֗ה לְאָסָא֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֔ה מָלַ֥ךְ זִמְרִ֛י – WLC
grc|Καὶ Ζαμβρεὶ ἐβασίλευσεν||And Zambreì reigned|label=none – LXX
grc|Καὶ Ζαμβρὶ ἐβασίλευσεν||And Zambrì reigned|label=none – LXX Brenton
grc|εν τω εικοστώ και εβδόμω έτει Ασά βασιλέως Ιούδα εβασίλευσεν Ζιμβρί||in the twenty and seventh year of Asa king of Judah, Zimbrí reigned|label=none – ABP
la|Anno vigesimo septimo Asa regis Juda, regnavit Zambri:||in the twenty-seventh year of Asa king of Judah, Zambri reigned:|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:15
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים בְּתִרְצָ֑ה – WLC
grc|ἑπτὰ ἔτη ἐν Θερσά·||seven years in Thersá:|label=none – LXX
grc|ἑπτὰ ἡμέρας ἐν Θερσα.||seven days in Thersa.|label=none – LXX
grc|εν Θερσά ημέρας επτά||in Thersá days seven|label=none – Brenton
grc|εν Θερσά επτά ημέρας||in Thersá seven days|label=none – ABP
la|septem diebus in Thersa:||seven days in Thersa:|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:15
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|וְהָעָ֣ם חֹנִ֔ים – WLC
grc|καὶ ἡ παρεμβολὴ Ἰσραὴλ||and the camp of Israel|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton ABP
la|porro exercitus obsidebat||further (away), the army laid siege|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:15
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|עַֽל־גִּבְּתֹ֖ון אֲשֶׁ֥ר לַפְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃ – WLC
grc|ἐπὶ Γαβαὼν τῶν ἀλλοφύλων.||upon Gabaon of the foreigners.|label=none – LXX. τῶν ἀλλοφύλων literally means 'of the [people] of another tribe'.
grc|επί Γαβαθών την των αλλοφύλων||upon Gabathon the [city] of the foreigners.|label=none – LXX Brenton ABP
la|Gebbethon urbem Philisthinorum||[upon] Gebbethon [the] city of the Philistines|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:16
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע הָעָם֙ הַחֹנִ֣ים לֵאמֹ֔ר – WLC
grc|καὶ ἤκουσεν ὁ λαὸς ἐν τῇ παρεμβολῇ λεγόντων||And the people in the camp heard [it], saying|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton ABP
la|Cumque audisset||And when [he/she/it] heard [it]|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:16
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|קָשַׁ֣ר זִמְרִ֔י וְגַ֖ם הִכָּ֣ה אֶת־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ – WLC
grc|Συνεστράφη Ζαμβρεὶ καὶ ἔπαισεν τὸν βασιλέα·||Zambreì conspired and struck the king;|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Συνεστράφη Ζαμβρι καὶ ἔπαισεν τὸν βασιλέα·||Zambri conspired and struck the king;|label=none – LXX
grc|συνεστράφη Ζαμβρὶ καὶ ἔπαισε τὸν βασιλέα·||Zambrì conspired and struck the king;|label=none – Brenton
grc|συνεστράφη Ζαμβρί και έπαισε τον βασιλέα||Zambrí conspired and struck the king|label=none – ABP
la|rebellasse Zambri, et occidisse regem,||[that] Zambri had rebelled, and killed [the] king,|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:16
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|אֶת־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ – WLC
grc|τὸν Ζαμβρεί||Zambrei|label=none – LXX
Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τὸν Αμβρι||Ambri|label=none – LXX[15]
grc|τὸν Ἀμβρὶ||Ambri|label=none – Brenton
grc|τον Αμβρί||Ambri|label=none – ABP
la|Amri,||Amri,|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:16
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|צָבָ֧א – WLC
grc|τῆς [[:wikt:στρατεία|στρατείας]]||of the campaign/expedition|label=none – LXX
grc|τῆς [[:wikt:στρατία|στρατίας]]||of the army|label=none – LXX Brenton ABP
la|militiae||of the army ''or'' of the war/campaign|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:17
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|עָמְרִ֛י וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל עִמֹּ֖ו מִֽגִּבְּתֹ֑ון – WLC
grc|Ζαμβρεὶ καὶ πᾶς Ἰσραὴλ μετ᾽ αὐτοῦ ἐν Γαβαθὼν||Zambreì and all Israel with him in Gabathòn|label=none – LXX
grc|Αμβρι καὶ πᾶς Ισραηλ μετ’ αὐτοῦ ἐκ Γαβαθων||Ambri and all Israel with him out of Gabathon|label=none – LXX Brenton
grc|Αμβρί εκ Γαβαθών και πας Ισραήλ μετ' αυτού||Ambrí out of Gabathón and all Israel with him|label=none – ABP
la|Amri, et omnis Israel cum eo, de Gebbethon,||Amri, and all Israel with him, from Gebbethon|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:18
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|וַיָּבֹ֖א אֶל־אַרְמֹ֣ון בֵּית־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיִּשְׂרֹ֨ף עָלָ֧יו אֶת־בֵּֽית־מֶ֛לֶךְ בָּאֵ֖שׁ וַיָּמֹֽת׃ – WLC
grc|ἐνεπύρισεν ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν τὸν οἶκον τοῦ βασιλέως, καὶ ἀπέθανεν·||the king himself set fire to the house of the king, and died;|label=none – LXX
grc|εἰσπορεύεται εἰς ἄντρον τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ βασιλέως καὶ ἐνεπύρισεν ἐπ’ αὐτὸν τὸν οἶκον τοῦ βασιλέως ἐν πυρὶ και απέθανεν||[he] entered into [the] inner room of the house of the king and [he] set fire to the house of the king over himself with fire and died|label=none – LXX ABP
grc|πορεύεται εἰς άντρον του οίκου του βασιλέως, και ενεπύρισεν επ' αυτόν τον οίκον του βασιλέως, και απέθανεν||[he] went into [the] inner room of the house of the king, and [he] set fire to the house of the king over himself, and died|label=none – Brenton
la|ingressus est palatium, et succendit se cum domo regia: et mortuus est||[he] entered [the] palace, and burnt himself with [the] royal house: and [he] died|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:19
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|חטאתו – K
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|חַטֹּאתָיו֙ – Q
grc|τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν αὐτοῦ||of his sins|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton ABP
la|in peccatis suis||in his sins|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:19
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה – WLC
grc|αις εποίησεν||which [he] did/committed|label=none – ABP
la|quo fecit||which [he] did|label=none – Vg
omitted – LXX LXX Brenton
1 Kings 16:20
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|וְקִשְׁרֹ֖ו אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָשָׁ֑ר – WLC
grc|καὶ τὰς συνάψεις αὐτοῦ ἃς συνῆψεν||and his associations [he] joined in|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton ABP
la|et insidiarum ejus, et tyrannidis||and of his intrigues/plots, and tyranny|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:21
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|תִבְנִ֤י בֶן־גִּינַת֙ – WLC[16]
grc|Θαμνεὶ υἱοῦ Γωνὰθ||Thamneì son of Gōnàth|label=none – LXX[17]
grc|Θαμνι υἱοῦ Γωναθ||Thamni son of Gōnath|label=none – LXX
grc|Θαμνὶ υἱοῦ Γωνὰθ||Thamnì son of Gōnàth|label=none – Brenton
grc|Θαβνί υιόυ Γινήθ||Thabní son of Ginḗth|label=none – ABP[18]
la|Thebni filium Gineth||Thebni son of Gineth|label=none – Vg[19]
1 Kings 16:21
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|עָמְרִֽי׃ – WLC
grc|Ζαμβρεί.||Zambrei.|label=none – LXX
grc|Αμβρι.||Ambri.|label=none – LXX
grc|Ἀμβρί.||Ambri.|label=none – Brenton
grc|Αμβρί.||Ambri.|label=none – ABP
la|Amri.||Amri.|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:22
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|וַיֶּחֱזַ֤ק הָעָם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַחֲרֵ֣י עָמְרִ֔י אֶת־הָעָ֕ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַחֲרֵ֖י תִּבְנִ֣י בֶן־גִּינַ֑ת – WLC
grc|καὶ ἡττήθη ὁ λαὸς ὁ ὢν ὀπίσω Θαμνεὶ υἱοῦ Γωνάθ·||And defeated was the people being after Thamneì son of Gōnàth:|label=none – LXX. ἡττάομαι is an Attic variation of the verb ἡσσάομαι ("to be less/weaker than, to be defeated")
grc|Ὁ λαὸς ὁ ὢν ὀπίσω Ἀμβρί υπερεκράτησε τον λαόν τον οπίσω Θαμνὶ υἱοῦ Γωνὰθ·||The people being after Ambri prevailed over the people being after Thamnì son of Gōnàth|label=none – LXX Brenton
grc|και ο λαός ο ων οπίσω Αμβρί υπερεκράτησε τον λαόν τον οπίσω Θαβνί υιόυ Γινήθ||And the people being after Ambri prevailed over the people being after Thabní son of Ginḗth|label=none – ABP
la|Praevaluit autem populus qui erat cum Amri, populo qui sequebatur Thebni filium Gineth:||But the people who were with Amri prevailed, over the people who followed Thebni son of Gineth:|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:22
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|וַיָּ֣מָת תִּבְנִ֔י וַיִּמְלֹ֖ךְ עָמְרִֽי׃ פ – WLC
grc|καὶ ἀπέθανεν Θαμνεὶ καὶ Ἰωρὰμ ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ, καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Ζαμβρεὶ μετὰ Θαμνεί.||And Thamneì and Joram the brother of him died at that time, and Zambrei ruled after Thamneì.|label=none – LXX
grc|καὶ ἀπέθανεν Θαμνι καὶ Ιωραμ ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ, καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Αμβρι μετὰ Θαμνι.||And Thamni and Joram the brother of him died at that time, and Ambri ruled after Thamni.|label=none – LXX
grc|καὶ ἀπέθανε Θαμνὶ καὶ Ἰωρὰμ ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ ἐν τῷ καιρῷ ἐκείνῳ, καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Ἀμβρί μετὰ Θαμνί.||And Thamnì and Joram the brother of him died at that time, and Ambri ruled after Thamnì.|label=none – Brenton
grc|και απέθανε Θαβνί και εβασίλευσεν Αμβρί.||And Thabní died and Ambri reigned.|label=none – ABP
la|mortuusque est Thebni, et regnavit Amri.||and Thebni died, and Amri reigned.|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:28
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|וַיִּשְׁכַּ֤ב עָמְרִי֙ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֔יו וַיִּקָּבֵ֖ר בְּשֹׁמְרֹ֑ון וַיִּמְלֹ֛ךְ אַחְאָ֥ב בְּנֹ֖ו תַּחְתָּֽיו׃ פ – WLC
grc|καὶ ἐκοιμήθη Ζαμβρεὶ μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ, καὶ θάπτεται ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ· καὶ βασιλεύει Ἀχαὰβ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἀντ᾽ αὐτοῦ.|||label=none – LXX
grc|καὶ ἐκοιμήθη Αμβρι μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ καὶ θάπτεται ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ, καὶ βασιλεύει Αχααβ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἀντ αὐτοῦ.|||label=none – LXX
grc|Ἀμβρί.||Ambri.|label=none – Brenton
grc|και εκοιμήθη Αμβρί μετά των πατέρων αυτού και θάπτεται εν Σαμαρεία και εβασίλευσεν Αχαάβ ο υιός αυτού αντ' αυτού|||label=none – ABP
la|Dormivitque Amri cum patribus suis, et sepultus est in Samaria: regnavitque Achab filius ejus pro eo.|||label=none – Vg
A long addition is found in the Septuagint of Codex Vaticanus following 1 Kings 16:28 (numbered as verses 28a–28h).
1 Kings 16:28a
grc|[1] Καὶ ἐν τῷ ἐνιαυτῷ τῷ ἑνδεκάτῳ ἔτει τοῦ Ζαμβρεὶ βασιλεύει Ἰωσαφὰθ υἱὸς Ἀσά· βασιλεύει ἐτῶν τριάκοντα καὶ πέντε ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ, καὶ εἴκοσι πέντε ἔτη βασιλεύει ἐν Ἰερουσαλήμ· καὶ ὄνομα τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ Γαβουζά, θυγάτηρ Σελεεί.|||label=none – LXX
grc|τοῦ Αμβρι...Ιωσαφατ υἱὸς Ασα ἐτῶν...ἐβασίλευσεν ἐν Ιερουσαλημ,...Γαζουβα θυγάτηρ Σελει.|||label=none – LXX
grc|τοῦ Ἀμβρί...Ιωσαφατ υἱὸς Ασα ἐτῶν...εἴκοσιπέντε...ἐβασιλευσεν....Γαζουβά, θυγάτηρ Σελί·|||label=none – Brenton
omitted – WLC ABP Vg
1 Kings 16:28b
grc|[2] καὶ ἐπορεύθη ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ Ἀσὰ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ, καὶ οὐκ ἐξέκλινεν ἀπ᾽ αὐτῆς τοῦ ποιεῖν τὸ εὐθὲς ἐνώπιον Κυρίου· πλὴν τῶν ὑψηλῶν οὐκ ἐξῆραν, ἔθυον ἐν τοῖς ὑψηλοῖς καὶ ἐθυμίων.||And he went in the way of Asa his father, and he did not deviate from it to do what is right before the Lord; only they did not remove [any] of the high places, they sacrificed and burnt incense on the high places.|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton
omitted – WLC ABP Vg
1 Kings 16:28c
grc|[3] καὶ ἃ συνέθετο Ἰωσαφάθ, καὶ πᾶσα δυναστεία ἣν ἐποίησεν, καὶ οὓς ἐπολέμησεν, οὐκ ἰδοὺ ταῦτα γεγραμμένα ἐν βιβλίῳ λόγων τῶν ἡμερῶν τῶν βασιλέων Ἰούδα;||And what Josaphat composed, and all dynasty which he made, and those who fought, are these [things] not written in the book of the words of the days of the kings of Judah?|label=none – LXX
grc|...Ιωσαφατ,...ἡ δυναστεία,...|||label=none – LXX
grc|...Ἰωσαφάτ μετὰ βασίλεως Ἰσραὴλ,...ἐποίησε...|||label=none – Brenton
omitted – WLC ABP Vg
1 Kings 16:28d
grc|[4] καὶ τὰ λοιπὰ τῶν συμπλοκῶν ἃς ἐπέθεντο ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις Ἀσὰ τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ ἐξῆρεν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς.|||label=none – LXX LXX Brenton
omitted – WLC ABP Vg
1 Kings 16:28e
grc|[5] καὶ βασιλεὺς οὐκ ἦν ἐν Συρίᾳ· νασεὶβ ὁ βασιλεύς.|||label=none – LXX
grc|...νασιβ.|||label=none – LXX
grc|...Νασὶβ.|||label=none – Brenton
omitted – WLC ABP Vg
1 Kings 16:28f
grc|[6] ἐποίησεν ναῦν εἰς Θαρσεὶς πορεύεσθαι εἰς Σωφείρ, πορεύεσθαι ἐπὶ τὸ χρυσίον· καὶ οὐκ ἐπορεύθη, ὅτι συνετρίβη ἡ ναῦς ἐν Γασιὼν Γάβερ.|||label=none – LXX
grc|καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς Ιωσαφατ ἐποίησεν...Θαρσις...Σωφιρ ἐπὶ...Γασιωνγαβερ.|||label=none – LXX
grc|Καὶ ὁ βασιλεύς Ἰωσαφάτ ἐποίησε...Θαρσὶς...Σωφίρ ἐπὶ...|||label=none – Brenton
omitted – WLC ABP Vg
1 Kings 16:28g
grc|[7] τότε εἶπεν βασιλεὺς Ἰσραὴλ πρὸς Ἰωσαφάθ Ἐξαποστελῶ τοὺς παῖδάς σου καὶ τὰ παιδάριά μου ἐν τῇ νηί· καὶ οὐκ ἐβούλετο Ἰωσαφάθ.|||label=none – LXX
grc|...ὁ βασιλεὺς...Ἰωσαφάτ...Ἰωσαφάτ·|||label=none – LXX Brenton
omitted – WLC ABP Vg
1 Kings 16:28h
grc|[8] καὶ ἐκοιμήθη Ἰωσαφὰθ μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ ἐν πόλει Δαυείδ· καὶ ἐβασίλευσεν Ἰωρὰμ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἀντ᾽ αὐτοῦ.||And Josaphàth slept with his fathers in the city of Daveíd: and Joram his son reigned instead of him.|label=none – LXX
grc|καὶ ἐκοιμήθη Ιωσαφατ μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ καὶ θάπτεται μετὰ τῶν πατέρων αὐτοῦ ἐν πόλει Δαυιδ,...||And Josaphàt slept with his fathers and was buried with his fathers in the city of David,...|label=none – LXX
grc|...Ἰωσαφάτ...Δαυίδ·...||...Josaphàt...Davíd:...|label=none – Brenton
omitted – WLC LXX ABP Vg
1 Kings 16:29
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|וְאַחְאָ֣ב בֶּן־עָמְרִ֗י מָלַךְ֙ עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בִּשְׁנַ֨ת שְׁלֹשִׁ֤ים וּשְׁמֹנֶה֙ שָׁנָ֔ה לְאָסָ֖א מֶ֣לֶךְ יְהוּדָ֑ה וַ֠יִּמְלֹךְ אַחְאָ֨ב בֶּן־עָמְרִ֤י עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ בְּשֹׁ֣מְרֹ֔ון עֶשְׂרִ֥ים וּשְׁתַּ֖יִם שָׁנָֽה׃ – WLC
grc|Ἐν ἔτει δευτέρῳ τῷ Ἰωσαφὰθ βασιλεύει Ἀχαὰβ υἱὸς Ζαμβρεί· ἐβασίλευσεν ἐπὶ Ἰσραὴλ ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ εἴκοσι καὶ δύο ἔτη.||In the second year of Josaphath reigned Achaáb son of Zambreí; [he] reigned over Israel in Samaria twenty and two years|label=none – LXX
grc|Ἐν ἔτει δευτέρῳ τῷ Ιωσαφατ βασιλεύει Αχααβ υἱὸς Αμβρι· ἐβασίλευσεν ἐπὶ Ισραηλ ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ εἴκοσι καὶ δύο ἔτη.||In the second year of Josaphat reigned Achaab son of Ambri: [he] reigned over Israel in Samaria twenty and two years.|label=none – LXX
grc|Ἐν ἔτει δευτέρῳ τοῦ Ἰωσαφὰτ βασιλέως Ἰούδα, Ἀχαὰβ υἱὸς Ἀμβρὶ ἐβασίλευσεν ἐπὶ Ἰσραὴλ ἐν Σαμαρείᾳ εἴκοσι καὶ δύο ἔτη.||In the second year of Josaphat king of Judah, Achaáb son of Ambrì reigned over Israel in Samaria twenty and two years.|label=none – Brenton
grc|ο δε Αχαάβ υιός Αμβρί εβασίλευσεν επί Ισραήλ εν έτει τριακοστώ και ογδόω του Ασά βασιλέως Ιούδα βασιλεύει δε Αχαάβ υιός Αμβρί επί Ισραήλ εν Σαμαρεία είκοσι και δύο έτη||But Achaáb the son of Ambrí reigned over Israel in the thirtieth and eighth year of Asa king of Judah. And Achaáb the son of Ambrí reigned over Israel in Samaria for twenty and two years.|label=none – ABP
la|Achab vero filius Amri regnavit super Israel anno trigesimo octavo Asa regis Juda. Et regnavit Achab filius Amri super Israel in Samaria viginti et duobus annis.||Achab [the] real son of Amri reigned over Israel in (the) thirty-eighth year of Asa king of Judah. And Achab (the) son of Amri reigned over Israel in Samaria for twenty-two years.|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:30
grc|ἐπονηρεύσατο||[he was] wicked|label=none – LXX LXX
grc|και επονηρεύσατο||and [he was] wicked|label=none – Brenton ABP
omitted – WLC Vg
1 Kings 16:31
grc|τὴν Ἰεζάβελ θυγατέρα Ἰεθεβάαλ βασιλέως Σιδωνίων,||Iezábel daughter [of] Iethebáal king of the Sidonians,|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton
grc|Ιεζάβελ την θυγατέρα Εθβαάλ βασιλέως Σιδωνείων||Iezábel the daughter [of] Ethbaál king of the Sidonians|label=none – ABP
1 Kings 16:32
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|בֵּ֣ית הַבַּ֔עַל – WLC
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|בית בעל – Kennicott
grc|ἐν οἴκῳ τῶν προσοχθισμάτων αὐτοῦ||in the house of his abominations|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton
grc|εν οίκω του Βάαλ||in [the] house of Báal|label=none – ABP
la|in templo Baal||in [the] temple [of] Baal|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:33
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|וַיַּ֥עַשׂ אַחְאָ֖ב אֶת־הָאֲשֵׁרָ֑ה – WLC
grc|καὶ ἐποίησεν Ἀχαὰβ ἄλσος·||And Achaàb made/prepared [a/the] [[sacred grove]]:|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton
grc|και εποίησεν Αχαάβ το άλσος||And Achaáb prepared the [[sacred grove]]|label=none – ABP
la|et plantavit lucum:||and [he] planted [a] (sacred) grove:|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:33
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|לְהַכְעִיס֙ אֶת־יְהֹוָה֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל – WLC
grc|παροργίσαι τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ, τοῦ ἐξολοθρευθήναι· ἐκακοποίησεν||to provoke the anger of his own life, so that he should be annihilated: he did evil|label=none – LXX
grc|παροργίσαι τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ τοῦ ἐξολεθρευθῆναι· ἐκακοποίησεν||to provoke the anger of his own life so that he should be destroyed: he did evil|label=none – LXX
grc|παροργίσαι τον Κύριον Θεὸν τοῦ Ἰσραήλ, καὶ τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ ἐξολοθρευθῆναι, ἐκακοποίησεν||to provoke the anger of the Lord God of Israel, and of his own life so that he should be destroyed, he did evil|label=none – Brenton
grc|παροργίσαι τον κύριον θεόν του Ισραήλ||to provoke the anger of the lord god of Israel|label=none – ABP
la|irritans Dominum Deum Israel||irritating [the] Lord God Israel|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:34
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|בְּיָמָ֞יו בָּנָ֥ה חִיאֵ֛ל בֵּ֥ית הָאֱלִ֖י אֶת־יְרִיחֹ֑ה – WLC
grc|ᾨκοδόμησεν Ἀχειὴλ ὁ Βαιθηλείτης τὴν Ἰερειχώ·||Acheièl the Baithelite built Iereicho:|label=none – LXX
grc|ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις αὐτοῦ ᾠκοδόμησεν Αχιηλ ὁ Βαιθηλίτης τὴν Ιεριχω·||In his days, Achiel the Baithelite built Iericho:|label=none – LXX
grc|Καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις αὐτοῦ ᾠκοδόμησεν Αχιὴλ ὁ Βαιθηλίτης τὴν Ἱεριχω·||And in his days, Achièl the Baithelite built Hiericho:|label=none – Brenton
grc|εν ταις ημέραις αυτού ωκοδόμησεν Χιήλ ο Βεθελίτης την Ιεριχώ||In his days, Chiél the Bethelite built Iericho|label=none – ABP
la|In diebus ejus aedificavit Hiel de Bethel Jericho:||In his days Hiel of Bethel (has) built Jericho:|label=none – Vg
1 Kings 16:34
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|וּבִשְׂגִיב – K
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|וּבִשְׂג֤וּב – Q
grc|καὶ τῷ Ζεγοὺβ||and on Zegoùb|label=none – LXX
grc|καὶ τῷ Σεγουβ||and on Segoub|label=none – LXX
grc|καὶ τῷ Σεγουβ||and on Segoùb|label=none – Brenton
grc|και εν τω Σεγούβ||and on Segoúb|label=none – ABP
la|et in Segub||and on Segub|label=none – Vg
Songs 1:1
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|שִׁ֥יר הַשִּׁירִ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִשְׁלֹמֹֽה׃ – WLC[20]
grc|ΑΣΜΑ ᾀσμάτων, ὅ ἐστιν τῷ Σαλωμών.||SONG of songs, which is to Salomon.|label=none – LXX[21]
grc|Ἆισμα ᾀσμάτων, ὅ ἐστιν τῷ Σαλωμων.||Song of songs, which is to Salomon.|label=none – LXX[22]
grc|ΑΣΜΑ ᾀσμάτων, ὅ ἐστι τῷ Σαλωμών.||SONG of songs, which is to Salomon.|label=none – Brenton
grc|άσμα ασμάτων ο εστι τω Σολομώντι||[A] song of songs which is to Solomon.|label=none – ABP[23]
omitted – Vg.[24] Note: because Vg omits the first verse, it has only 16 verses in this chapter; the numbering shifts backwards, so that verse 1:2 in Hebrew and Greek becomes verse 1:1 in Latin etc.
Songs 1:3
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|שֶׁ֖מֶן – WLC
grc|μύρον||perfume/ointment|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton
grc|μύρου||of perfume/ointment|label=none – ABP
la|Oleum||Oil|label=none – Vg
Songs 1:5
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|בְּנֹ֖ות יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם – WLC
grc|θυγατέρες Ἰσραήλ||O daughters of Israel|label=none – LXX
grc|θυγατέρες Ιερουσαλήμ||O daughters of Jerusalem|label=none – LXX Brenton ABP
la|filiae Jerusalem||(O) daughters of Jerusalem ''or'' of/to (the) daughter Jerusalem ''or'' Jerusalem of/to [a/the] daughter|label=none – Vg
Songs 1:5
grc|δέρρις Σαλωμών.||[the] hide/leathern coverings/curtains of Salomon.|label=none – LXX
grc|δέρρεις Σαλωμων.||[the] hide/leathern coverings/curtains of Salomon.|label=none – LXX Brenton
grc|δέρρεις Σολομώντος||[the] hide/leathern coverings/curtains of Solomon.|label=none – ABP
Songs 1:6
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|אַל־תִּרְא֙וּנִי֙ שֶׁאֲנִ֣י שְׁחַרְחֹ֔רֶת שֶׁשֱּׁזָפַ֖תְנִי הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ – WLC
grc|μὴ βλέψητέ με, ὅτι ἐγώ εἰμι μεμελανωμένη, ὅτι παρέβλεψέ(ν) με ὁ ἥλιος·||Do not look at me, because I am being blackened, because the sun has looked over me;|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton
grc|...μελανωμένη...||...blackened...|label=none – ABP
la|Nolite me considerare quod fusca sim, quia decoloravit me sol.||Do not think that I am black/brown, because [the] sun has discoloured me.|label=none – Vg
Songs 1:13
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|בֵּ֥ין שָׁדַ֖י יָלִֽין׃ – WLC
grc|ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν μαστῶν μου αὐλισθήσεται·||between my breasts [he] shall spend the night;|label=none – LXX Brenton ABP
la|inter ubera mea commorabitur||between my breasts [it] will stay|label=none – Vg
omitted – LXX
Songs 1:14
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|אֶשְׁכֹּ֨ל הַכֹּ֤פֶר ׀ דֹּודִי֙ לִ֔י – WLC
grc|βότρυς τῆς κύπρου ἀδελφιδός μου ἐμοὶ||A cluster of [[henna]] is my beloved [man]|label=none – LXX Brenton ABP. κύπρος is a Semitic loanword identical with Hebrew kōp̱er, meaning "henna". When capitalised, this word is identical to the Greek name of Cyprus, which may or may not have been derived from this word.
la|Botrus cypri dilectus meus||My beloved cluster of henna|label=none – Vg. cyprus, not to be confused with the island of Cyprus, is the latinisation of κύπρος, and the origin of the English word cypress.
omitted – LXX
Songs 1:16
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|אַף־ עַרְשֵׂ֖נוּ רַעֲנָנָֽה׃ – WLC
grc|πρὸς κλίνη(ν) ἡμῶν σύσκιος,||to our shady bed.{{r|ABP-songs1 – LXX LXX Brenton ABP
la|Lectulus noster floridus.||Our couch / little bed [is] flowery.|label=none – Vg
Songs 1:17
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|רחיטנו – K
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|רַהִיטֵ֖נוּ – Q
Songs 2:3
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|לְחִכִּֽי׃ – WLC[25]
grc|ἐν λάρυγγί μου.||in my throat/gullet.|label=none – LXX[26] LXX Brenton ABP.[27] λάρυγξ is the origin of the modern English word larynx.
la|gutturi meo.||in my throat.|label=none – Vg.[28] guttur is the origin of the modern English word goitre.
Songs 2:6
grc|περιλήψεται||will embrace|label=none – ABP Brenton (classical Greek spelling)
grc|περιλήμψεται||will embrace|label=none – LXX LXX (Koine Greek spelling)
Compare Deuteronomy 22:30
Songs 2:7
grc|ἐν δυνάμεσι(ν)||by powers|label=none – LXX Brenton
grc|εν ταις δυνάμεσι(ν)||by the powers|label=none – LXX ABP
Songs 2:8
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|זֶ֖ה – WLC
grc|οὗτος||this [one]|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton
grc|ούτως||thus / in this way|label=none – ABP
la|iste||that [one]|label=none – Vg
Songs 2:9
grc|ἐπὶ τὰ ὄρη Βαιθήλ.||on the mountains of Baithel|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton
omitted – WLC ABP Vg
Compare Songs 2:17.
Songs 2:17
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|עַל־הָ֥רֵי בָֽתֶר׃ ס – WLC
grc|ἐπὶ ὄρη κοιλωμάτων.||encircling upon the mountains.|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton ABP
la|super montes Bether.||on/above the mountains [of] Bether.|label=none – Vg
Compare Songs 2:9.
Songs 3:3
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|רְאִיתֶֽם׃ – WLC[29]
grc|εἴδετε;||Have you known....?|label=none – LXX[30] LXX. From the verb οἶδα ("to know").
grc|ίδετε;||Do you see....?|label=none – Brenton ABP.[31] From the verb εἶδον ("to see").
la|vidistis?||Have you seen....?|label=none – Vg.[32] The Latin verb vidēo ("I see") is the origin of the modern English word video.
Songs 3:7
grc|τοῦ Σαλωμών,||of Salomon,|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton
grc|του Σολομώντος||of Solomon|label=none – ABP
Songs 3:8
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|חֶ֔רֶב – WLC
grc|ρομφαίαν||a ''[[rhomphaia]]'' / a (Greek single-edged) broadsword|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton ABP
la|gladios||''[[gladius|gladii]]'' / (Roman double-edged) swords|label=none – Vg
Compare Judges 19:29.
Songs 3:9
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה – WLC
grc|Σαλωμών||Salomon|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton
grc|Σολομών||Solomon|label=none – ABP
la|Salomon||Salomon|label=none – Vg
Songs 3:10
grc|ἀργύριον||silver|label=none – LXX LXX Brenton
grc|αργυρίου||of silver ''or'' silvery / a piece of silver|label=none – ABP
Songs 3:11
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|צְאֶ֧ינָה ׀ וּֽרְאֶ֛ינָה בְּנֹ֥ות צִיֹּ֖ון – WLC
grc|ἐξέλθατε καὶ ἴδετε||come forth and behold|label=none – LXX LXX
grc|Θυγατέρες Σιών εξέλθετε, και ίδετε||O daughters of Sion come forth, and behold|label=none – Brenton
grc|εξέλθετε και ίδετε θυγατέρες Σιών||Come forth and behold, o daughters of Sion|label=none – ABP
la|Egredimini et videte, filiae Sion,||Go out and see, (o) daughters of Sion,|label=none – Vg
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|עַלְמָה – WLC[33] 1QIsa[34]
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|עוּלֶמְתָּא – Targ
grc|παρθένος||virgin|label=none – LXX LXX[35] ABP[36] Brenton
la|virgo||virgin|label=none – Vg[37] Vg[38]
13
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|וַתְּהִ֤י יִרְאָתָם֙ אֹתִ֔י מִצְוַ֥ת אֲנָשִׁ֖ים מְלֻמָּדָֽה׃ – MT
grc|μάτην δὲ σέβονταί με διδάσκοντες ἐντάλματα ἀνθρώπων καὶ διδασκαλίας.||and in vain they worship me, teaching [the] precepts and instructions of men.|label=none – LXX,[39] ABP[40]
Compare New Testament quotation:
grc|μάτην δὲ σέβονταί με, διδάσκοντες διδασκαλίας ἐντάλματα ἀνθρώπων·||In vain they now worship me, teaching [as] doctrines [the] precepts of men.|label=none – Mark 7:7
3
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|מְסִלָּ֖ה לֵאלֹהֵֽינוּ׃ – MT
grc|τὰς τρίβους τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν.||the roads of our God.|label=none – LXX,[41] ABP[42]
la|semitas Dei nostri.||[the] paths of our God.|label=none – Vg[43] Vg[44]
Compare New Testament quotations:
grc|τὰς τρίβους αὐτοῦ·||the roads of him.|label=none – Mark 1:3, Matthew 3:3 Luke 3:4
grc|τὴν ὁδὸν Κυρίου||the way of [the] Lord|label=none – John 1:23
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|עַבְדִּ֔י – MT
grc|παίδες μου||my servants|label=none – ABP
10
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|יִרְאֶ֥ה זֶ֖רַע יַאֲרִ֣יךְ יָמִ֑ים – MT
grc|ὄψεται σπέρμα μακρόβιον·|opsetai sperma makrobion.|[he] shall see a long-lived seed.|label=none – LXX, ABP Brenton
la|videbit semen longævum,||[he] will see long-lived seed,|label=none – Vg Vg
11
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|יִרְאֶ֣ה – MT
hbo|{{Script/Hebrew|יראה אור – 4QIsa[45]
grc|δείξαι αυτῴ φῶς||to show to him light|label=none – LXX,[45] LXX,[46] ABP[47] Brenton
la|videbit||[he] will see|label=none – Vg[48] Vg[49]