Textual variants in the Book of Genesis explained

Textual variants in the Book of Genesis concerns textual variants in the Hebrew Bible found in the Book of Genesis.

List

This list provides examples of known textual variants, and contains the following parameters: Hebrew texts written right to left, the Hebrew text romanised left to right, an approximate English translation, and which Hebrew manuscripts or critical editions of the Hebrew Bible this textual variant can be found in. Greek (Septuagint) and Latin (Vulgate) texts are written left to right, and not romanised. Sometimes additional translation or interpretation notes are added, with references to similar verses elsewhere, or in-depth articles on the topic in question.

, see also In the beginning (phrase)

{{Script/Hebrew|בראשית – MT 4QGen (4QGen) SP[1]

{{Script/Hebrew|ברשית֯ – 4QGen

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἐν ἀρχῇ||In [the] beginning|label=none – LXX LXX ABP[2]

Latin: In principio||In [the] beginning|label=none – Vg[3]

, see also Elohim and Names of God in Judaism § Elohim

{{Script/Hebrew|אֱלֹהִ֑ים ('[the] gods' or 'God') – MT (4QGen) 4QGen SP. Grammatically speaking, the word is a masculine plural noun meaning "gods", but it is often translated as singular and capitalised as, meaning "God".

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ο θεός||the god|label=none – ABP

Latin: Deus||God|label=none – Vg

, see also Heaven in Judaism

{{Script/Hebrew|הַשָּׁמַיִם – MT 4QGen SP

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τὸν οὐρανὸν||the heaven|label=none – LXX ABP

Latin: caelum||(the) heaven|label=none – Vg

, see also

{{Script/Hebrew|וְהָאָ֗רֶץ הָיְתָ֥ה תֹ֙הוּ֙ וָבֹ֔הוּ – MT (4QGen) SP[4] [5]

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἡ δὲ γῆ ἦν ἀόρατος καὶ ἀκατασκεύαστος||but the earth was unseeable and unfashioned|label=none – LXX ABP

Latin: Terra autem erat inanis et vacua||But the earth was lifeless and empty|label=none – Vg

Genesis 1:7

{{Script/Hebrew|ויבדל – MT (4QGen) 4QGen SP Damascus Pent. Codex[6]

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ διεχώρισεν ὁ θεὸς||and the god parted|label=none – LXX ABP

Latin: divisitque||and [he] divided|label=none – Vg

Genesis 1:7

{{Script/Hebrew|וַֽיְהִי־כֵֽן – MT 4QGen 4QGen SP Damascus Pent. Codex

Latin: Et factum est ita.||And so it was done.|label=none – Vg

omitted – LXX ABP

Genesis 1:9

{{Script/Hebrew|מָקֹ֣ום – MT 4QGen Damascus Pent. Codex SP. The Yiddish word Mokum ("city") is derived from .

{{Script/Hebrew|מקוה – 4QGen. A is a ritual bath in modern Judaism.

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: συναγωγην||gathering|label=none – LXX ABP. The English word "synagogue" is derived from Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: συναγωγή.

Latin: locum||place|label=none – Vg The English word "location" is derived from Latin: locus.

Genesis 1:9

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: και συνηχθη το νδωρ το υποκατω του ουρανου εις τας συναγωγας αυτών και ωφθη η ζηρα||And the water underneath the heaven gathered together into their gatherings, and the dry [land] appeared.|label=none – LXX[7] ABP. Compare Book of Jubilees 2:6.

omitted – 4QGen MT SP Damascus Pent. Codex Vg

Genesis 2:4, see also toledot

{{Script/Hebrew|אֵ֣לֶּה תֹולְדֹ֧ות – MT[8]

{{Script/Hebrew|תולדת – SP Kennicott

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Αὕτη ἡ βίβλος γενέσεως||This is the book of the origin|label=none – LXX ABP

Latin: Istae sunt generationes||Those are (the) generations|label=none – Vg[9]

Genesis 2:4

{{Script/Hebrew|עֲשֹׂ֛ות יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים – MT SP

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: εποίησε ο θεός||[that] the god made|label=none – LXX ABP

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἐποίησεν Κύριος ὁ θεὸς||[that] Lord the god made|label=none – LXX

Latin: quo fecit Dominus Deus||which (the) Lord God made|label=none – Vg

Genesis 2:4

{{Script/Hebrew|אֶ֥רֶץ וְשָׁמָֽיִם – MT

{{Script/Hebrew|שמימ וארץ – SP

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ τὴν γῆν||the heaven and the earth|label=none – LXX LXX ABP

Latin: caelum et terram||(the) heaven and (the) earth|label=none – Vg

Genesis 2:5

{{Script/Hebrew|יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים – MT SP[10]

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ὁ θεὸς||the god|label=none – LXX LXX

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κύριος ο θεός||lord the god|label=none – ABP

Latin: Dominus Deus||(the) Lord God|label=none – Vg

Genesis 2:7, see also Soul in the Bible § Genesis 2:7

{{Script/Hebrew|וַיִּיצֶר֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶת־ הָֽאָדָ֗ם עָפָר֙ מִן־ הָ֣אֲדָמָ֔ה – MT SP.[11] [12]

There is a word play between {{Script/Hebrew|אָדָם ("man", "human", later usually simply translated as the personal name "Adam") and {{Script/Hebrew|אֲדָמָה.

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ ἔπλασεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον χοῦν ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς·||And the god shaped the dust man from the earth|label=none – LXX[13]

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ ἔπλασεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν ἄνθρωπον χοῦν λαβών ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς||And the god shaped the man taking dust from the earth|label=none – ABP[14]

Latin: Formavit igitur Dominus Deus hominem de [[:wikt:limus#Etymology_2|limo]] terrae||Therefore, (the) Lord God formed the human/man with the earth's mud/clay|label=none – Vg

Genesis 2:8

{{Script/Hebrew|יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים – MT SP[15]

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ὁ θεὸς||the god|label=none – ABP

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κύριος ο θεός||lord the god|label=none – LXX

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Κύριος ὁ θεὸς||Lord the god|label=none – LXX

Latin: Dominus Deus||(the) Lord God|label=none – Vg

Genesis 2:8, see also Garden of Eden

{{Script/Hebrew|גַּן־בְּעֵ֖דֶן מִקֶּ֑דֶם

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: παράδεισον ἐν Ἔδεμ κατὰ ἀνατολάς||paradise in Edem according to the east|label=none – LXX

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: παράδεισον ἐν Ἔδεν κατὰ ἀνατολάς||paradise in Eden according to the east|label=none – ABP

Latin: paradisum voluptatis a principio||paradise of pleasure from the beginning|label=none – Vg

Genesis 2:9

{{Script/Hebrew|יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים – MT SP[16]

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ὁ θεὸς||the god|label=none – LXX LXX ABP

Latin: Dominus Deus||(the) Lord God|label=none – Vg

Genesis 2:9

omitted – MT

{{Script/Hebrew|את – SP

Genesis 2:13

{{Script/Hebrew|אֶ֥רֶץ כּֽוּשׁ׃ – MT

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τὴν γῆν Αἰθιοπίας.||the land of Ethiopia.|label=none – LXX ABP

Latin: terram AEthiopiae.||the land of Ethiopia.|label=none – Vg

See also Cush (Bible), Rivers of Paradise, and Gihon.

Genesis 2:16, see also Adam

{{Script/Hebrew|עַל־הָֽאָדָ֖ם – WLC

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τῷ Ἀδὰμ||to [[Adam]]|label=none – LXX LXX ABP

Latin: ei||to him|label=none – Vg

Compare Genesis 2:18

Genesis 2:17, see also tree of the knowledge of good and evil

{{Script/Hebrew|אֲכָלְךָ֥ – WLC

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: φάγησθε||[you] should eat [''active plural'']|label=none – LXX

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: φάγητε||[you] should eat [''middle plural'']|label=none – ABP

Latin: comederis||[you] shall/should eat [''future active indicative/subjunctive singular'')|label=none – Vg

Genesis 2:18, see also Adam

{{Script/Hebrew|הָֽאָדָ֖ם – WLC

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τὸν ἄνθρωπον||the man|label=none – LXX LXX ABP

Latin: hominem||[the] man|label=none – Vg

Compare Genesis 2:16

Genesis 2:18, see also Eve

{{Script/Hebrew|אֶֽעֱשֶׂהּ־ – WLC

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ποιήσωμεν||let [us] make|label=none – LXX LXX ABP

Latin: faciamus||let [us] make|label=none – Vg

Genesis 2:23, see also Eve

{{Script/Hebrew|לְזֹאת֙ יִקָּרֵ֣א אִשָּׁ֔ה – WLC

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: αὕτη κληθήσεται γυνή||she shall be called woman|label=none – LXX ABP

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: αὕτη κληθήσεται Γυνή||she shall be called Woman|label=none – LXX

Latin: haec vocabitur Virago||she will be called [a warlike] Woman|label=none – Vg

Genesis 2:23, see also Eve

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: αὐτῆς ἐλήμφθη αὕτη||she was taken her|label=none – LXX LXX (Koine Greek spelling)

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: αυτής ελήφθη||she was taken|label=none – ABP (classical Greek spelling)

Genesis 2:24, see also Eve

{{Script/Hebrew|אֶת־אָבִ֖יו וְאֶת־אִמֹּ֑ו – WLC

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν μητέρα αὐτοῦ||his father and his mother|label=none – LXX LXX

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τὸν πατέρα αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν μητέρα||his father and mother|label=none – ABP

Latin: patrem suum, et matrem,||his father, and mother,|label=none – Vg

Genesis 2:25

Latin: scilicet||of course|label=none – Vg

omitted – WLC LXX LXX ABP

Genesis 3

Genesis 3:20, see also Eve

{{Script/Hebrew|וַיִּקְרָ֧א הָֽאָדָ֛ם שֵׁ֥ם אִשְׁתֹּ֖ו חַוָּ֑ה – WLC[17]

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Καὶ ἐκάλεσεν Ἀδὰμ τὸ ὄνομα τῆς γυναικὸς Ζωή||And Adam called the name of the woman Zoë|label=none – LXX[18]

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Καὶ ἐκάλεσεν Ἀδὰμ τὸ ὄνομα τῆς γυναικὸς αυτού Ζωή||And Adam called the name of his wife Zoë|label=none – LXX ABP[19]

Latin: Et vocavit Adam nomen uxoris suae, Heva:||And Adam called [the] name of his wife, Heva:|label=none – Vg[20]

Compare Genesis 4:1

Genesis 4

Genesis 4:1, see also Eve, and Cain and Abel

{{Script/Hebrew|וְהָ֣אָדָ֔ם יָדַ֖ע אֶת־חַוָּ֣ה אִשְׁתֹּ֑ו – WLC[21]

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Ἀδὰμ δὲ ἔγνω Εὕαν τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ||And Adam knew Heva his wife|label=none – LXX[22]

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Αδαμ δὲ ἔγνω Ευαν τὴν γυναῖκα αὐτοῦ||And Adam knew Eva his wife|label=none – LXX ABP[23]

Latin: Adam vero cognovit uxorem suam Hevam,||Adam truly knew his wife Heva,|label=none – Vg[24]

Compare Genesis 3:20

Genesis 4:1

{{Script/Hebrew|יְהוָֽה׃ – WLC

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τοῦ θεοῦ.||the god.|label=none – LXX LXX ABP

Latin: Deum.||(the) God.|label=none – Vg

Genesis 4:9

{{Script/Hebrew|יְהוָֽ׃ – WLC

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ὁ θεὸς||the god|label=none – LXX LXX

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κύριος ὁ θεὸς||the lord god|label=none – ABP

Latin: Dominus||(the) Lord|label=none – Vg

Genesis 4:10

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ὁ θεὸς||the god|label=none – LXX LXX

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κύριος||(the) lord|label=none – ABP

omitted – WLC Vg

Genesis 4:12, see also Curse and mark of Cain

{{Script/Hebrew|נָ֥ע וָנָ֖ד – WLC

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: στένων καὶ τρέμων||moaning and trembling|label=none – LXX LXX ABP

Latin: vagus et profugus||wandering and (a) fugitive|label=none – Vg

Compare Genesis 4:14

Genesis 4:13, see also Curse and mark of Cain

{{Script/Hebrew|וַיֹּ֥אמֶר קַ֖יִן אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה גָּדֹ֥ול עֲוֹנִ֖י מִנְּשֹֽׂא׃ – WLC

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ εἶπεν Κάιν πρὸς τὸν κύριον Μείζων ἡ αἰτία μου τοῦ ἀφεθῆναί με.||And Cain said to (the) lord: My fault is (too) great to forgive me.|label=none – LXX LXX ABP

Latin: Dixitque Cain ad Dominum: Major est iniquitas mea, quam ut veniam merear.||And Cain said to (the) Lord: My iniquity is greater than that [I] deserve pardon.|label=none – Vg

Genesis 4:14, see also Curse and mark of Cain

{{Script/Hebrew|נָ֥ע וָנָ֖ד – WLC

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: στένων καὶ τρέμων||moaning and trembling|label=none – LXX LXX ABP

Latin: vagus et profugus||wandering and (a) fugitive|label=none – Vg

Compare Genesis 4:12

Genesis 4:15

{{Script/Hebrew|יְהוָ֗ה – WLC

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κύριος ὁ θεός||the lord god|label=none – LXX LXX ABP

Latin: Dominus||(the) Lord|label=none – Vg

Genesis 4:15, see also Curse and mark of Cain

{{Script/Hebrew|שִׁבְעָתַ֖יִם יֻקָּ֑ם – WLC

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἑπτὰ ἐκδικούμενα παραλύσει||will be disabled/paralysed seven [times] [by] punishing/avenging|label=none – LXX LXX ABP

The English verb "to paralyse" derives from the Greek verb παραλύω ("to loosen from the side, relax, enfeeble, weaken, disable, paralyse").

Latin: septuplum punietur||shall be punished sevenfold|label=none – Vg

Genesis 4:16

{{Script/Hebrew|יְהוָ֗ה – WLC

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: τοῦ θεοῦ||of the god|label=none – LXX LXX ABP

Latin: Domini||of (the) Lord|label=none – Vg

Genesis 4:16, see also Land of Nod

{{Script/Hebrew|בְּאֶֽרֶץ־נֹ֖וד קִדְמַת־עֵֽדֶן׃ – WLC

H6925 qidmah can mean both "east" and "over against" or "in front of".[25]

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἐν γῇ Ναὶδ κατέναντι Ἔδεμ.||in [the] land (of) Naìd over against Edem.|label=none – LXX LXX

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: εν γη Ναϊδ κατέναντι Εδέν||in [land] (of) Naïd over against Eden.|label=none – ABP

Latin: in terra ad orientalem plagam Eden.||in (the) land to the eastern region (of) Eden.|label=none – Vg

Genesis 4:18, see also Enoch (son of Cain), and Generations of Adam

{{Script/Hebrew|חֲנֹוךְ֙ עִירָ֔ד מְחֽוּיָאֵ֑ל מְת֣וּשָׁאֵ֔ל לָֽמֶךְ׃ – WLC

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Ἑνὼχ Γαιδάδ...Μαιήλ...Μαθουσαλά...Λάμεχ||Henoch Gaidad...Maiel...Mathousala...Lamech|label=none – LXX LXX ABP

Latin: Henoch...Irad...Maviael...Mathusael...Lamech|||label=none – Vg

Compare Genesis 5:6–26

Genesis 4:20

{{Script/Hebrew|וּמִקְנֶֽה׃ – WLC

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κτηνοτρόφων||grazing cattle|label=none – LXX LXX ABP

Latin: atque pastorum.||and of (the) shepherds.|label=none – Vg

Genesis 5

Genesis 5:1, see also Generations of Adam and Toledot

{{Script/Hebrew|זֶ֣ה סֵ֔פֶר תֹּולְדֹ֖ת אָדָ֑ם – WLC[26]

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Αὕτη ἡ βίβλος γενέσεως ἀνθρώπων.||This [is] the book of [the] origin/birth of men ''or'' humans|label=none – LXX[27] LXX ABP[28]

Latin: Hic est liber generationis Adam.||This is [the] book of [the] generation/offspring (of) Adam.|label=none – Vg[29]

Genesis 5:2

{{Script/Hebrew|בְּרֹ֤א אֱלֹהִים֙ אָדָ֔ם – WLC

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἐποίησεν ὁ θεὸς τὸν Ἀδάμ,||the god made Adam,|label=none – LXX LXX ABP

Latin: creavit Deus hominem,||God made (the) man ''or'' human (being)|label=none – Vg

Genesis 5:6–26, see also Generations of Adam

{{Script/Hebrew|אֱנֽוֹשׁ...קֵינָֽן...מַֽהֲלַלְאֵֽל...יָֽרֶד...חֲנֽוֹךְ...מְתוּשָֽׁלַח...לָֽמֶךְ – WLC

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Ενώς...Καϊναν...Μαλελεήλ...Ιάρεδ...Ενώχ/Ἑνώχ...Μαθουσάλα...Λάμεχ||Enós...Kaïnan...Malaleél...Iáred...Enoch/Henoch...Mathousála...Lámech|label=none – LXX LXX ABP

Latin: Enos...Cainan...Malaleel...Jared...Henoch...Mathusalam...Lamech|||label=none – Vg

Compare Genesis 4:18

Genesis 6

Genesis 6:6, see also Genesis flood narrative

{{Script/Hebrew|וַיִּנָּ֣חֶם יְהוָ֔ה כִּֽי־עָשָׂ֥ה אֶת־הָֽאָדָ֖ם – WLC[30]

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ ἐνεθυμήθη ὁ θεὸς ὅτι ἐποίησεν τὸν ἄνθρωπον||and the god reflected upon / pondered that [he] made the man|label=none – LXX[31] LXX ABP[32]

Latin: poenituit eum quod hominum fecisset||he regretted which/because/that/what [he] had made of men/humans|label=none – Vg[33]

Genesis 6:6, see also Genesis flood narrative

{{Script/Hebrew|וַיִּתְעַצֵּ֖ב אֶל־לִבֹּֽו׃ – WLC

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ διενοήθη.||and [he] considered it.|label=none – LXX LXX ABP

Latin: Et tactus dolore cordis intrinsecus,||And touched by [the] inner pain of [the] heart|label=none – Vg

Genesis 6:7, see also Genesis flood narrative

{{Script/Hebrew|וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֗ה אֶמְחֶ֨ה אֶת־הָאָדָ֤ם – WLC

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ εἶπεν ὁ θεός Ἀπαλείψω τὸν ἄνθρωπον||And the god said: I will wipe off the man|label=none – LXX LXX ABP

Latin: Delebo, inquit, hominem,||[I] will destroy, [he] said, [the] man,|label=none – Vg

Genesis 6:14, see also Noah's Ark

{{Script/Hebrew|עֲשֵׂ֤ה לְךָ֙ תֵּבַ֣ת עֲצֵי־גֹ֔פֶר – WLC

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ποίησον οὖν σεαυτῷ κιβωτὸν ἐκ ξύλων τετραγώνων·||Then make for yourself [a] wooden box out of four-cornered wood!|label=none – LXX LXX ABP

Latin: Fac tibi arcam de lignis laevigatis;||Make for yourself [a] chest/box of polished wood;|label=none – Vg

In other contexts, each of the Hebrew, Greek and Latin words are used to describe a (wooden) box, basket or chest for storage. The traditionally used English word ark derives from the Latin word arca (from the verb arceō, "to keep off/away/close"), which outside of the Bible never refers to any kind of ship, but always a relatively small object for keeping items. The same nouns are used for the Ark of the Covenant. The Hebrew noun H1613 gopher is a hapax legomenon.

Genesis 9

Genesis 9:20, see also Curse of Ham

{{Script/Hebrew|אִ֣ישׁ הָֽאֲדָמָ֑ה – WLC[34]

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἄνθρωπος γεωργὸς γῆς||[a] farmer-man of [the] land/earth/soil ''or'' [a] tilling/working/fertilising man of [the] land/earth/soil |label=none – LXX[35] LXX ABP[36]

Latin: vir agricola exercere terram||[a] farmer-man to work at [the] land/earth/soil ''or'' [a] man working as [a] farmer on [the] land/earth/soil|label=none – Vg[37]

Genesis 15:17

{{Script/Hebrew|וַעֲלָטָ֖ה הָיָ֑ה וְהִנֵּ֨ה תַנּ֤וּר עָשָׁן֙ וְלַפִּ֣יד אֵ֔שׁ – WLC[38]

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: φλὸξ ἐγένετο· καὶ ἰδοὺ κλίβανος καπνιζόμενος καὶ λαμπάδες πυρός,||a flame came/happened. And behold, an oven smoking and torches/lamps of fire|label=none LXX[39] Brenton ABP[40]

Latin: facta est caligo tenebrosa, et apparuit clibanus fumans, et lampas ignis||a dark fog happened, and a smoking furnace appeared, and lamps of fire|label=none – Vg[41]

Genesis 34:2

{{Script/Hebrew|חֲמ֛וֹר הַֽחִוִּ֖י – WLC[42]

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Ἐμμὼρ ὁ Χορραῖος||Emmor the [[Hurrians|Hurrian]]|label=noneA LXX[43]

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Εμμώρ ο Ευαίος||Emmor the Evite|label=none – Brenton ABP[44]

Latin: Hemor Hevaei||Hemor of the Hevea|label=none – Vg[45]

Genesis 34:2, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Genesis 34 § Linguistic analysis

{{Script/Hebrew|וַיִּקַּ֥ח אֹתָ֛הּ וַיִּשְׁכַּ֥ב אֹתָ֖הּ וַיְעַנֶּֽהָ׃ – WLC

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ λαβὼν αὐτὴν ἐκοιμήθη μετ᾽ αὐτῆς, καὶ ἐταπείνωσεν αὐτήν.||and taking her, [he] slept with her, and humiliated/humbled her.|label=none LXX Brenton ABP

Latin: adamavit eam: et rapuit, et dormivit cum illa, vi opprimens virginem.||[he] fell in love with her: and [he] abducted [her], and slept with her, attacking/subduing/oppressing [the] virgin by force.|label=none – Vg

Genesis 34:3, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Genesis 34 § Linguistic analysis

{{Script/Hebrew|וַתִּדְבַּ֣ק נַפְשֹׁ֔ו בְּדִינָ֖ה בַּֽת־יַעֲקֹ֑ב וַיֶּֽאֱהַב֙ אֶת־הַֽנַּעֲרָ֔ וַיְדַבֵּ֖ר עַל־לֵ֥ב הַֽנַּעֲרָֽ׃ – WLC

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ προσέσχεν τῇ ψυχῇ Δείνας τῆς θυγατρὸς Ἰακώβ, καὶ ἠγάπησεν τὴν παρθένον, καὶ ἐλάλησεν κατὰ τὴν διάνοιαν τῆς παρθένου αὐτῇ||and [he] clung to the breath/soul/mind/person of Dinah, the daughter of Jacob, and he took pleasure in the young woman, and he spoke against the mind of the young woman.|label=none LXX

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ προσέσχε τῇ ψυχῇ Δείνας/Δίνας τῆς θυγατρὸς Ἰακώβ καὶ ἠγάπησε τὴν παρθένον καὶ ἐλάλησε κατὰ τὴν διάνοιαν τῆς παρθένου αὐτῇ||and [he] clung to the breath/soul/mind/person of Dinah, the daughter of Jacob, and he took pleasure in the young woman, and he spoke against the mind of the young woman.|label=none Brenton ABP

Latin: Et conglutinata est anima ejus cum ea, tristemque delinivit blanditiis.||And his soul was glued to her, and [he] soothed [the] sad one with blandishments.|label=none – Vg

Genesis 34:3 (twice)

{{Script/Hebrew|הנער [H5288] – MT[46]

{{Script/Hebrew|הנערה [H5291] – SP

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: παρθένον/παρθένου||young woman ''or'' virgin|label=none – LXX Brenton ABP

omitted – Vg

Genesis 34:3

{{Script/Hebrew|על [H5921] – MT

{{Script/Hebrew|אל [H413] – SP

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: κατὰ||against/down/according to|label=none – LXX Brenton ABP

omitted – Vg

Genesis 34:7, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Genesis 34 § Historical-ethical analysis

{{Script/Hebrew|וְכֵ֖ן לֹ֥א יֵעָשֶֽׂה׃ – WLC

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ οὐχ οὕτως ἔσται.||And [it] shall not be thus.|label=none LXX Brenton ABP

Latin: rem illicitam perpetrasset.||[he] had perpetrated/committed [an] illicit/unlawful act.|label=none – Vg

Genesis 34:9, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Genesis 34 § Historical-ethical analysis

{{Script/Hebrew|תִּקְח֥וּ לָכֶֽם׃ – WLC

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: λάβετε τοῖς υἱοῖς ὑμῶν.||take for your sons.|label=none – LXX Brenton ABP

Latin: accipite,||accept,|label=none – Vg

Genesis 34:11

{{Script/Hebrew|אֶתֵּֽן׃ – WLC

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἡμῖν δώσομεν.||we will give.|label=none – LXX

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: δώσομεν.||[we] will give.|label=none – Brenton ABP

Latin: dabo||[I] will give|label=none – Vg

Genesis 34:14

{{Script/Hebrew|וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם – WLC

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ εἶπαν αὐτοῖς Συμεὼν καὶ Λευὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ Δείνας υἱοὶ δὲ Λείας||And Simeon and Levi the brothers of Dinah sons of [[Leah]] said to them|label=none – LXX

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: καὶ εἶπαν αὐτοῖς Συμεὼν καὶ Λευὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ Δείνας/Δίνας||And Simeon and Levi the brothers of Dinah said to them|label=none – Brenton ABP

omitted – Vg

Genesis 34:14, see also Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Genesis 34 § Historical-ethical analysis

{{Script/Hebrew|לְאִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־לֹ֣ו עָרְלָ֑ה – WLC

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀνθρώπῳ ὃς ἔχει ἀκροβυστίαν·||to a man who has [a] foreskin|label=none – LXX Brenton ABP

Latin: homini incircumciso||to an uncircumcised man|label=none – Vg

Genesis 49:4

{{Script/Hebrew|כִּ֥י עָלִ֖יתָ מִשְׁכְּבֵ֣י אָבִ֑יךָ) – WLC[47]

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ἀνέβης γὰρ ἐπὶ τὴν κοίτην τοῦ πατρός σου·||because you went up on the (marriage-)bed of your father;|label=none – LXX[48]

Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: ανέβης γαρ επί την κοίτην του πατρός σου||because you went up on the (marriage-)bed of your father|label=none – ABP[49]

Latin: quia ascendisti cubile patris tui|because you ascended to the (marriage) bed of your father|label=none – Vg[50] Vg[51]

Compare Leviticus 18:22; Leviticus 20:13. See also Bilhah and Reuben (son of Jacob).

See also

Bibliography

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Genesis 1:1 . J.P. van de Giessen . bijbelaantekeningen.nl . 2003 . 10 May 2022 . nl.
  2. Web site: Apostolic Bible Polyglot Genesis 1 . Charles Van der Pool . Biblehub.com . 1996 . 10 May 2022.
  3. Web site: Genesis 1 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway . Colunga & Turrado . biblegateway.com . 1946 . 25 October 2022.
  4. Web site: Genesis 1:2 . J.P. van de Giessen . bijbelaantekeningen.nl . 2003 . 10 May 2022 . nl.
  5. Web site: Genesis 1 Interlinear Bible . Biblos.com & Helps Ministries . Biblehub.com . 2011–2018 . 10 May 2022.
  6. Web site: Genesis 1:7 . J.P. van de Giessen . bijbelaantekeningen.nl . 2003 . 11 May 2022 . nl.
  7. Web site: Genesis 1:9 . J.P. van de Giessen . bijbelaantekeningen.nl . 2003 . 11 May 2022 . nl.
  8. Web site: Genesis 2:4 . J.P. van de Giessen . bijbelaantekeningen.nl . 2003 . 13 May 2022 . nl.
  9. Web site: Genesis 2 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway . Colunga & Turrado . biblegateway.com . 1946 . 25 October 2022.
  10. Web site: Genesis 2:5 . J.P. van de Giessen . bijbelaantekeningen.nl . 2003 . 13 May 2022 . nl.
  11. Web site: Genesis 2:7 . J.P. van de Giessen . bijbelaantekeningen.nl . 2003 . 13 May 2022 . nl.
  12. Web site: Genesis 2 Interlinear Bible . Biblos.com & Helps Ministries . Biblehub.com . 2011–2018 . 13 May 2022.
  13. Web site: Genesis 2 Swete's Septuagint . Biblehub.com . 1930 . 13 May 2022.
  14. Web site: Genesis 2 Apostolic Bible Polyglot . Charles Van der Pool . Biblehub.com . 1996 . 13 May 2022.
  15. Web site: Genesis 2:8 . J.P. van de Giessen . bijbelaantekeningen.nl . 2003 . 13 May 2022 . nl.
  16. Web site: Genesis 2:9 . J.P. van de Giessen . bijbelaantekeningen.nl . 2003 . 13 May 2022 . nl.
  17. Web site: Genesis 3 Interlinear Bible . Biblos.com & Helps Ministries . Biblehub.com . 2011–2018 . 1 December 2022.
  18. Web site: Genesis 3 Swete's Septuagint . Biblehub.com . 1930 . 1 December 2022.
  19. Web site: Genesis 3 Apostolic Bible Polyglot . Charles Van der Pool . Biblehub.com . 1996 . 1 December 2022.
  20. Web site: Genesis 3 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway . Colunga & Turrado . biblegateway.com . 1946 . 1 December 2022.
  21. Web site: Genesis 4 Interlinear Bible . Biblos.com & Helps Ministries . Biblehub.com . 2011–2018 . 1 December 2022.
  22. Web site: Genesis 4 Swete's Septuagint . Biblehub.com . 1930 . 1 December 2022.
  23. Web site: Genesis 4 Apostolic Bible Polyglot . Charles Van der Pool . Biblehub.com . 1996 . 1 December 2022.
  24. Web site: Genesis 4 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway . Colunga & Turrado . biblegateway.com . 1946 . 1 December 2022.
  25. Web site: Strong's Hebrew: 6926. קִדְמַת (qidmah) -- front, east . biblehub.com . 1 December 2022 .
  26. Web site: Genesis 5 Interlinear Bible . Biblos.com & Helps Ministries . Biblehub.com . 2011–2018 . 1 December 2022.
  27. Web site: Genesis 5 Swete's Septuagint . Biblehub.com . 1930 . 1 December 2022.
  28. Web site: Genesis 5 Apostolic Bible Polyglot . Charles Van der Pool . Biblehub.com . 1996 . 1 December 2022.
  29. Web site: Genesis 5 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway . Colunga & Turrado . biblegateway.com . 1946 . 1 December 2022.
  30. Web site: Genesis 6 Interlinear Bible . Biblos.com & Helps Ministries . Biblehub.com . 2011–2018 . 1 December 2022.
  31. Web site: Genesis 6 Swete's Septuagint . Biblehub.com . 1930 . 1 December 2022.
  32. Web site: Genesis 6 Apostolic Bible Polyglot . Charles Van der Pool . Biblehub.com . 1996 . 1 December 2022.
  33. Web site: Genesis 6 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway . Colunga & Turrado . biblegateway.com . 1946 . 1 December 2022.
  34. Web site: Genesis 9 Interlinear Bible . Biblos.com & Helps Ministries . Biblehub.com . 2011–2018 . 2 December 2022.
  35. Web site: Genesis 9 Swete's Septuagint . Biblehub.com . 1930 . 2 December 2022.
  36. Web site: Genesis 9 Apostolic Bible Polyglot . Charles Van der Pool . Biblehub.com . 1996 . 2 December 2022.
  37. Web site: Genesis 9 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway . Colunga & Turrado . biblegateway.com . 1946 . 2 December 2022.
  38. Web site: Genesis 15 Interlinear Bible . Biblos.com & Helps Ministries . Biblehub.com . 2011–2018 . 15 May 2022.
  39. Web site: Genesis 15 Swete's Septuagint . Biblehub.com . 1930 . 15 May 2022.
  40. Web site: Genesis 15 Apostolic Bible Polyglot . Charles Van der Pool . Biblehub.com . 1996 . 15 May 2022.
  41. Web site: Genesis 15 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway . Colunga & Turrado . biblegateway.com . 1946 . 25 October 2022.
  42. Web site: Genesis 34 Interlinear Bible . Biblos.com & Helps Ministries . Biblehub.com . 2011–2018 . 26 October 2022.
  43. Web site: Genesis 34 Swete's Septuagint . Biblehub.com . 1930 . 26 October 2022.
  44. Web site: Genesis 34 Apostolic Bible Polyglot . Charles Van der Pool . Biblehub.com . 1996 . 26 October 2022.
  45. Web site: Genesis 34 VULGATE;NIV - Bible Gateway . Colunga & Turrado . biblegateway.com . 1946 . 26 October 2022.
  46. Web site: Genesis 34:3 . J.P. van de Giessen . bijbelaantekeningen.nl . 2003 . 26 October 2022 . nl.
  47. Web site: Genesis 49 Interlinear Bible . Biblos.com & Helps Ministries . Biblehub.com . 2011–2018 . 16 May 2022.
  48. Web site: Genesis 49 Swete's Septuagint . Biblehub.com . 1930 . 16 May 2022.
  49. Web site: Genesis 49 Apostolic Bible Polyglot . Charles Van der Pool . Biblehub.com . 1996 . 16 May 2022.
  50. Web site: Genesis 49 Vulgata Clementina . Biblehub.com . 1592 . 19 May 2022.
  51. Web site: Genesis 49:4 VULGATE;NIV - Effusus es sicut aqua, non crescas: - Bible Gateway . Colunga & Turrado . biblegateway.com . 1946 . 19 May 2022 .