Textbook of Aramaic Documents from Ancient Egypt explained

Textbook of Aramaic Documents from Ancient Egypt, often referred to as TAD or TADAE, is a four volume corpus of Aramaic inscriptions written during the period of ancient Egypt, written by Bezalel Porten and Ada Yardeni.[1]

Originally envisaged to be the Corpus Papyrorum Aramaicarum, following the Corpus Papyrorum Judaicarum, it grew to incorporate all Aramaic inscriptions from the region, not just on papyrus, so the title was changed – this time borrowing from J. C. L. Gibson's 1971 Textbook of Syrian Semitic Inscriptions.[1]

Each of volumes 1-3 contains 40-50 texts (vol. 1 letters (A); vol. 2 contracts (B); vol. 3 literary texts (C)), and volume 4 contains 478 texts, including D1-5: 216 papyrus fragments; D6: 14 leather; D7-10: 87 ostraca. The collection does not include the Saqqarah papyri and most of the Clermont-Ganneau ostraca.[2] [3]

It is the standard reference textbook for the Aramaic Elephantine papyri and ostraca, as well as other examples of Egyptian Aramaic, which together provide the primary extant examples of Imperial Aramaic worldwide.[4]

Concordance

NameDiscoveredDate Location TAD Cowley (C) GrelotOther ref Museum number
Adon Papyrus1942600s BCE A1.1 KAI 266
1945400-500 BCE University of Cairo A2.1 28Bresciani-Kamil 4[5]
A2.2 26Bresciani-Kamil 2
A2.3 25Bresciani-Kamil 1
A2.4 27Bresciani-Kamil 3
A2.5 29Bresciani-Kamil 5
A2.6 30Bresciani-Kamil 6
A2.7 31Bresciani-Kamil 7
Private Letters 1906-08400-500 BCE Egyptian Museum A3.1 54 -Sachau 39Pap. No. 3456 = J. 43493
A3.2 55 -Sachau 40Pap. No. 3457 = J. 43494
Padua Aramaic papyri1815-19 (published 1960)Museo Civico di Padova A3.3 14Aramaic Papyrus 1
A3.4 Aramaic Papyrus 2
1906-08Egyptian Museum A3.5 41 -Sachau 13Pap. No. 3437 = J. 43474
A3.6 40 16Sachau 14Pap. No. 3438 = J. 43475
A3.7 39 15Sachau 12Pap. No. 3436 = J. 43473
A3.8 42 17Sachau 16Pap. No. 3440 = J. 43477
Wilbour Aramaic papyrus1893Brooklyn Museum A3.9 Kraeling 13[6] Brooklyn Museum 47.218.151
1970Egyptian Museum of Berlin A3.10 P. Berlin 23000
1959Museo Archeologico di Firenze A3.11 Inv. n. 11913
Jedaniah Communal Archive Passover Letter1906-08419 - 407 BCE Egyptian Museum of Berlin A4.1 21 96Sachau 6P. 13464
Egyptian Museum A4.2 37 97Sachau 10Pap. No. 3434 = J. 43471
A4.3 38 98Sachau 11Pap. No. 3435 = J. 43472
Egyptian Museum of Berlin and Egyptian Museum of Cairo A4.4 56+34 100Sachau 15Berlin P. 13456 + Pap. No. 3439 = J. 43476
Strasbourg Aramaic papyrus1898A4.5 27 101Aram. 2
1906-08Egyptian Museum of Berlin A4.6 66P. 13445
Temple Reconstruction LetterA4.7 30 102Sachau 1P. 13495
Egyptian Museum A4.8 31 102Sachau 2Pap. No. 3428 = J. 43465
Egyptian Museum of Berlin A4.9 32 103Sachau 3P. 13497
Egyptian Museum A4.10 33 104Sachau 5Pap. No. 3430 = J. 43467
Official (semi-official) Letters Maspero Saqqara Aramaic papyrus1902436 - 300s BCE Académie des Inscriptions A5.1 Inscriptions 5-7
1906-08Egyptian Museum A5.2 16 18Sachau 7Pap. No 3431 = J. 43468
Turin Aramaic Papyrus1824Musco Egizio di TorinoA5.3 70 CIS II 144Prov. 645
Memphis Serapeum Aramaic papyrus1862[7] Egyptian Museum A5.4 76 CIS II 151Pap. No. 3654 = J. 59204
Maspero Elephantine Aramaic papyrus1902A5.5 80 RES 248 Académie des Inscriptions 2-4
The Letters of Arsames and his Colleagues 1906-08427 - 400 BCE Egyptian Museum A6.1 17 60Sachau 4Pap. No. 3429 = J. 43466
A6.2 26 61Sachau 8Pap. No. 3432 = J. 43469
1933 (published 1954)Bodleian Library A6.3 64Driver 3 + Frag 7.1[8] Pell. Aram. VII
A6.4 62Driver 2 + Frag 9.6 Pell. Aram. IV (bottom left) + XII
A6.5 63Driver 1 and 1a Pell. Aram. VI
A6.6 Driver Frag. 5
A6.7 66Driver 5 Pell. Aram. IV
A6.8 65Driver 4 Pell. Aram. II
A6.9 67Driver 6 Pell. Aram. VIII
A6.10 68Driver 7 Pell. Aram. I
A6.11 69Driver 8 Pell. Aram. XIII
A6.12 70Driver 9 Pell. Aram. III
A6.13 71Driver 10 Pell. Aram. IX
A6.14 72Driver 11 Pell. Aram. V
A6.15 73Driver 12 Pell. Aram. XIV
A6.16 74Driver 13 Pell. Aram. X
Mibtahiah archiveB2.1 5 32 Sayce-Cowley A
B2.2 6 33 Sayce-Cowley B
B2.3 8 34 Sayce-Cowley D
B2.4 9 35 Sayce-Cowley C
B2.5 48 - Sachau 38
B2.6 15 38 Sayce-Cowley G
B2.7 13 36 Sayce-Cowley E
Quit ClaimB2.8 14 37 Sayce-Cowley F
B2.9 20 39 Sayce-Cowley H
B2.10 25 40 Sayce-Cowley J
B2.11 28 41 Sayce-Cowley K
Anani archiveB3.1 10 4 Sachau 28
Mika cedes property to Anani b. AzariahBrooklyn MuseumB3.2 42 Kraeling 1+18
Anani b. Azariah marriage to TamutB3.3 43 Kraeling 2
Bagazusht and Ubil sell house to Anani b. AzariahB3.4 44 Kraeling 3
Gift from man to wifeB3.5 45 Kraeling 4
Emancipation of female slaveB3.6 46 Kraeling 5
Father-daughter adjoining houseB3.7 47 Kraeling 6
Ananiah son of Haggai marriageB3.8 48 Kraeling 7+15
Slave adoptionB3.9 49 Kraeling 8
Father-daughter giftB3.10 50 Kraeling 9
Father-daughter house donationB3.11 51 Kraeling 10
Sale contractB3.12 53 Kraeling 12
Grain loanB3.13 52 Kraeling 11
B4.1 49 1 Sachau 44
B4.2 11 3 Sayce-Cowley L
B4.3 3 - Sachau 26
B4.4 2 54 Sachau 25
B4.5 29 6 Sachau 29
B4.6 35 7 Sachau 35
B5.1 1 2 Sachau 30
B5.2 65,3+67,3
B5.3
B5.4 47 - Sachau 37
B5.5 43 8 Sachau 33
B6.1 Kraeling 14
B6.2 36 - Sachau 9
B6.3 46 - Sachau 31
B6.4 18 5 Sachau 34
B7.1 45 11 Sachau 36
B7.2 7 9 Sachau 27
B7.3 44 10 Sachau 32
B7.4 59 Sachau 47
Lepsius Aramaic papyrus1849B8.5 69 CIS II 149
Literary Texts Story of Ahikar1906-08Egyptian Museum of Berlin and Egyptian Museum of Cairo C1.1 (+3.7) Sachau 49-52, 54-59 Berlin P. 13446A-H, K-L + Pap. No. 3465 = J. 43502
Blacas papyri1825British Library C1.2 71 CIS II 145Pap. 106
Historical Texts 1906-08Egyptian Museum of Berlin C2.1 (+3.13) Sachau 61-62P. 13447
Accounts 1880s (published 1915)Egyptian Museum C3.1 RÉS 1791 Pap. No. 3466 = J. 36499
Göttingen papyrus 1884 (published 1974)Göttingen State and University LibraryC3.2 Cod.Ms.or.var.1,xx
1906-08Egyptian Museum C3.3 52 -Sachau 22Pap. No. 3445 = J. 43482
1906-07 (published 1974)Egyptian Museum of Berlin C3.4 P. Berlin 23103
1917Egyptian Museum C3.5 p. 318 Aimé-GironPap. No. 3656 = J. 59209
1966-72 (published 1983)Egyptian Antiquities Service C3.6 Segal 47 Register No. 5881
Ahigar erased text 1906-08Egyptian Museum of Berlin and Egyptian Museum of Cairo C3.7 (+1.1) Sachau 49-52, 54-59 Berlin P. 13446A-H, K-L + Pap. No. 3465 = J. 43502
1926Egyptian Museum C3.8 Aimé-Giron 5-20, 24, 39 Pap. No. 3470, 3471, 3472, 3474 J. 50053, 50054, 50055, 50057
1906-07 (published 1988)Egyptian Museum of Berlin C3.9 105Kraeling 13P. Berlin 23128–32, 23134
Bresciani papyrus 1940 (published 1971)Egyptian Museum C3.10 Pap. No. 3484 = J. 72527
1966-72 (published 1983)Egyptian Antiquities Service C3.11 Segal 20+19 Register No. 2212 + 2195
Louvre Aramaic papyrus1826 (published 1863)Louvre C3.12 72 CIS II 146AF 7991
Memorandum from verso of the Behistun papyrus1906-08Egyptian Museum of Berlin C3.13 (+2.1) 61–63, 64,21 + 68,5 Sachau 61-62Berlin P. 13447 verso
1906-08Egyptian Museum C3.14 24 55Sachau 19Pap. No. 3442 = J. 43479 + 43479A
1906-08Egyptian Museum of Berlin C3.15 22 89Sachau 18P. 13488 + Nos. 64 and 76 of 96 Frags. + P. Berlin 23101
1893 (published 1953)Brooklyn Museum C3.16 -Kraeling 17 Brooklyn Museum 47.218.153
unknownEgyptian Museum C3.17 Aimé-Giron 78+77 Pap. No. 3476 = J. 59202
1966-72 (published 1983)Egyptian Antiquities Service C3.18 Segal 45 Register No. 2201
1827 (published 1869)Vatican Museum C3.19 73 CIS II 147Inv. No. 22955
1966-72 (published 1983)Egyptian Antiquities Service C3.20 Segal 57 Register No. 2215
1862 (published 1887)Egyptian Museum C3.21 75 CIS II 150Pap. No. 3653 = J. 59203
1966-72 (published 1983)Egyptian Antiquities Service C3.22 Segal 48 Register No. 1560
C3.23 Segal 87 Register No. 5891
C3.24 Segal 106 Register No. 5666
1880sEgyptian Museum C3.25 78 CIS II 153Pap. No. 3478 = J. 60144
1924-25C3.26 Aimé-Giron 87 Pap. No. 3469 = J. 50052
Harrow papyrus1880s (published 1923)Harrow School Museum C3.27 83
1906Bodleian Library C3.28 81 MS. Heb. a. 5 (P)
unknownMuseo dell'Istituto di Studi del Vicino Oriente, Università di Roma C3.29 Pap. Levi Della Vida
Lists 1913Egyptian Museum C4.1 p. 317 Aimé-GironPap. No. 3655 = J. 59208
1926C4.2 Aimé-Giron 46 + 50 + 25 + 47; 26, 30, 33, 61, 75 Pap. No. 3473, 3474 = J. 50056. 50057
1966-72 (published 1983)Egyptian Antiquities Service C4.3 Segal 53 Register No. 1558
1906-08Egyptian Museum C4.4 12 56Sachau 17Pap. No. 3441 = J. 43478
C4.5 19 57Sachau 21Pap. No. 3444 = J. 43481
C4.6 23 58Sachau 20Pap. No. 3443 = J, 43480
C4.7 51 -Sachau 23Pap. No. 3446 = J. 43483
C4.8 53 59Sachau 24Pap. No. 3447 = J. 43484
Vatican papyrus1827 (published 1884)Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana C4.9 74 CIS II 148Papiro Borgiano Aramaico 1
Other Chester ostracaBritish MuseumD7.13 KAI 271, CIS II 138 E14219
Dream ostraconD7.17 KAI 270, CIS II 137
Serapeum Offering TableD20.1 KAI 268
Saqqara Aramaic SteleD20.3 KAI 267
Carpentras SteleD20.5 KAI 269
Ankh-Hapy steleD20.6 KAI 272

Reviews

Volume 1

Volume 2

Volume 3

Volume 4

Work

Previous corpuses

. Pierre Grelot. Documents araméens d'Égypte . Éditions du Cerf . Littératures anciennes du Proche-Orient . 1972 . fr . none.

Notes and References

  1. Book: Botta, A.F. . In the Shadow of Bezalel. Aramaic, Biblical, and Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Honor of Bezalel Porten . Brill . Culture and History of the Ancient Near East . 2012 . 978-90-04-24083-4 . "Mr. Elephantine" Bezalel Porten. xi-xvi.
  2. Gianto, A. (2000). [Review of Textbook of Aramaic Documents from Ancient Egypt. Newly Copied, Edited and Translated into English. 4: Ostraca and Assorted Inscriptions (Texts and Studies for Students), by B. Porten & A. Yardeni]. Biblica, 81(3), 443–445. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42614297
  3. Dion, P.-E. (2000). [Review of Textbook of Aramaic Documents from Ancient Egypt. Newly Copied, Edited and Translated into Hebrew and English, Vol. 4: Ostraca and Assorted Inscriptions, by B. Porten & A. Yardeni]. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 318, 77–79. https://doi.org/10.2307/1357731
  4. Book: Cook, Edward . Biblical Aramaic and Related Dialects: An Introduction . Cambridge University Press . 2022 . 978-1-108-78788-8 . none . 3-7. Imperial Aramaic (IA) [Footnote: Other names: Official Aramaic, Reichsaramäisch. Because many of the surviving texts come from Egypt, some scholars speak of "Egyptian Aramaic.”]… As noted, the documentation of IA is significantly greater than that of Old Aramaic; the hot and dry climate of Egypt has been particularly favorable to the preservation of antiquities, including Aramaic texts written on soft media such as papyrus or leather. The primary, although not exclusive, source of our knowledge of Persian-period Aramaic is a large number of papyri discovered on the island of Elephantine… All of the Egyptian Aramaic texts have been collected and reedited in the Textbook of Aramaic Documents from Ancient Egypt… This is now the standard text edition… Outside of Egypt, Aramaic texts written primarily on hard media such as stone or pottery have been discovered, including texts from Palestine, Arabia, Asia Minor, Iraq (Babylon), and Iran (Persepolis). A recent discovery, of uncertain provenance, is a relatively large collection of documents, now in a private collection, consisting mainly of the correspondence of the official Akhvamazda of Bactria dating from 354 to 324 BCE (Nave & Shaked 2012). They are similar in some ways to the Arshama archive published by Driver; the find-spot was no doubt Afghanistan..
  5. Edda Bresciani; Murād Kāmil, 1966, Le lettere aramaiche di Hermopoli, Memorie (Accademia nazionale dei Lincei. Classe di scienze morali, storiche e filologiche)., ser. 8 ;, v. 12, fasc. 5.
  6. Book: Kraeling, Emil G.H. . The Brooklyn Museum Aramaic Papyri: New Documents of the Fifth Century B.C. from the Jewish Colony at Elephantine . Yale University Press. 1953 . 978-0-405-00873-3 . none.
  7. Book: Bargès, J.J.L. . Papyrus égypto-araméen appartenant au Musée égyptien du Louvre . Duprat . 1862 . fr.
  8. Book: Driver, G.R. . Mittwoch . E. . Aramaic Documents of the Fifth Century B.C. . Zeller . 1968 .

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