Tetraneura akinire explained

The oriental grass root aphid (or rice root aphid), Tetraneura akinire, is an aphid in the superfamily Aphidoidea in the order Hemiptera. It is a true bug and sucks sap from plants.^{[1] [2]}

Ecology

Hosts alternate between elm leaves and roots of grasses and cereals.^[3] The fundatrix (founding or stem mother) lays eggs in a leaf of the primary host, which are trees in the genus Ulmus. This stimulates production of galls where offspring of the fundatrix develop by feeding on host sap. These mature into winged adult alates, which complete the life cycle on the secondary host.^[4]

The species is thought to have originated in Asia, but now has spread to southern and south-east Europe and the United States.^{[4] [5]}

Notes and References

1. Temperature-dependent development and population growth of Tetraneura nigriabdominalis (Homoptera: Pemphigidae) on three host plants. . Kuo MH, etal . 16937674 . 99 . J Econ Entomol . 2006 . 4 . 1209–13 . 10.1603/0022-0493-99.4.1209. 198126468 .
2. Web site: TETRANEURA (TETRANEURELLA) NIGRIABDOMINALIS (SASAKI), GALL-FORMING APHID FOUND ON MAIZE ROOTS IN SLOVENIA. Spela Modic. ResearchGate.
3. Web site: Tetraneura nigriabdominalis. Gallformers.
4. Web site: Tetraneura nigriabdominalis Oriental grass root aphid. InfluentialPoints.
5. Walczak. Urszula. Borowiak-Sobkowiak. Beata. Wilkaniec. Barbara. 2017. Tetraneura (Tetraneurella) nigriabdominalis (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) - A species extending its range in Europe, and morphological comparison with Tetraneura (Tetraneura) ulmi.. Entomologica Fennica. 28. 21–26. ResearchGate. 10.33338/ef.84672. free.