Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane explained

Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane is a chlorofluorocarbon known as Freon 112, CFC-112 or R-112. It has a symmetrical structure CCl2FCCl2F and so can be called symmetrical tetrachlorodifluoroethane. "Symmetrical" may also be abbreviated to "s-" or "sym-". In contrast an asymmetrical isomer has formula CCl3CClF2.

Production

CFC-112 can be made in a reaction with hydrogen fluoride with hexachloroethane or tetrachloroethane with extra chlorine. This reaction occurs with an aluminium fluoride catalyst with some extra iron, nickel and chromium at 400°C. With the extra metal in the catalyst yield of the isomer can be 98% compared with the unsymmetrical isomer.[1]

Mixed with perfluorooctane, it is a solvent for polydimethylsiloxane.[2]

CFC-112 can be prepared as a mixture with other hydrochlorofluorocarbons from trichloroethylene and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride when electric current is passed through.[3]

When CFC-11 is packaged with alcohol in a metal container, a free radical reaction can result in production of CFC-112.

Properties

Critical properties are critical temperature 278°C, critical pressure 4.83 MPa at a density of 0.754 g/cc.

Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane is not flammable.[4]

Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane, like other chlorofluorocarbon compounds reacts violently with sodium, potassium or barium.[4]

Tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane is not very toxic, and the lethal dose is estimated at 25 g/kg. It is not carcinogenic.[4]

Use

Tetrachlorodifluoroethane (mixture of isomers) has been used as a veterinary medicine to treat parasites such as liver fluke in sheep (Fasciola hepatica).[5]

MIL-C-8638 is a military specification for a cleaning solvent that contained tetrachlorodifluoroethane, trichlorotrifluoroethane, and isopropyl alcohol. It was used to clean aircraft oxygen systems.[6]

Tetrachlorodifluoroethane can be used as an intermediate in the manufacture of tetrachloroethylene.[7]

Atmosphere

In the atmosphere of Earth, anthropogenic tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane has been found to occur. Between 2017 and 2020 levels, were about 0.52 parts per trillion (ppt). Levels rose from the 1970s till about 1995.[8]

Notes and References

  1. Vecchio . M . Groppelli . G . Tatlow . J.C. . Studies on a vapour-phase process for the manufacture of chlorofluoroethanes . Journal of Fluorine Chemistry . July 1974 . 4 . 2 . 117–139 . 10.1016/S0022-1139(00)82507-5.
  2. Crescenzi . V. . Flory . P. J. . Configuration of the Poly-(dimethylsiloxane) Chain. II. Unperturbed Dimensions and Specific Solvent Effects . Journal of the American Chemical Society . January 1964 . 86 . 2 . 141–146 . 10.1021/ja01056a006.
  3. Polisena . C. . Liu . C. C. . Savinell . R. F. . Experimental Study of Electrochemical Fluorination of Trichloroethylene . Journal of the Electrochemical Society . 1 December 1982 . 129 . 12 . 2720–2724 . 10.1149/1.2123655. 1982JElS..129.2720P .
  4. Book: Fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons. . 1990 . World Health Organization . Geneva . 9241571136 . 15 . 10665/39345 .
  5. McKellar . Quintin A. . Kinabo . Ludovick D. B. . The pharmacology of flukicidal drugs . British Veterinary Journal . 1 July 1991 . 147 . 4 . 306–321 . 10.1016/0007-1935(91)90003-6. 1913127 .
  6. Book: Poliakoff . M. Z . Cleaning Stainless Steel . 1973 . ASTM International . 37 . https://books.google.com/books?id=-ZYV71q4j3UC&dq=%22tetrachlorodifluoroethane%22&pg=PA33 . en . Solvent Cleaners - Where and how to Use Them.
  7. Book: Gottlieb . Robert . Reducing Toxics: A New Approach To Policy And Industrial Decisionmaking . 22 April 2013 . Island Press . 978-1-61091-102-3 . 243 . en.
  8. Web site: Dunse . Bronwyn L. . Derek . Nada . Fraser . Paul J. . Krummel . Paul B. . Australian and Global Emissions of Ozone Depleting Substances . CSIRO . June 2021.