Tesla Autopilot Explained

Tesla Autopilot is an advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS) developed by Tesla that amounts to partial vehicle automation (Level 2 automation, as defined by SAE International). Tesla provides "Base Autopilot" on all vehicles, which includes lane centering and traffic-aware cruise control. Owners may purchase or subscribe to Full Self-Driving (FSD) which adds semi-autonomous navigation that responds to traffic lights and stop signs, lane change assistance, self-parking, and the ability to summon the car from a garage or parking spot.

The company's stated intent is to offer fully autonomous driving (SAE Level 5) at a future time, acknowledging that technical and regulatory hurdles must be overcome to achieve this goal.[1] The names Autopilot and Full Self-Driving are controversial, because vehicles remain at Level 2 automation and are therefore not "fully self-driving" and require active driver supervision.

The company claims the features reduce accidents caused by driver negligence and fatigue from long-term driving.[2] [3] Collisions and deaths involving Tesla cars with Autopilot engaged have drawn the attention of the press and government agencies.[4] Industry observers and academics have criticized Tesla's decision to use untrained consumers to validate beta features as dangerous and irresponsible.[5] [6] [7] [8]

Since 2013, Tesla CEO Elon Musk has repeatedly made inaccurate predictions for Tesla to achieve Level 5 autonomy within one to three years,[9] most recently predicting the end of 2023.[10]

History

See also: Tesla Autopilot hardware. Elon Musk first discussed the Tesla Autopilot system publicly in 2013, noting that "Autopilot is a good thing to have in planes, and we should have it in cars."[11] Over the ensuing decade, Autopilot went through a series of hardware and software enhancements, gradually approaching the goal of full autonomy, which,, remains unmet. Autopilot, as initially introduced in 2014, referred to automatic parking and low-speed summoning on private property, using sensor and computing hardware developed by Mobileye. By 2016, the Mobileye-based Autopilot had added automatic emergency braking, adaptive cruise control, and lane centering capabilities[12] when Tesla and Mobileye dissolved their partnership that July.[13] Enhanced Autopilot (EA) was announced later in 2016 as an extra-cost option that used a new hardware suite developed by Tesla;[14] the key distinguishing feature for EA, "Navigate on Autopilot", which uses the new hardware suite to guide the vehicle on controlled-access roads, from on-ramp to off-ramp, was delayed until 2018.[15] At the same time that EA was introduced, Tesla also offered Full Self-Driving (FSD) as an upgrade option to EA in 2016, which would extend machine-guided driving capabilities to local roads. FSD beta testing started in October 2020.[16]

Hardware 1 and Autopilot (Mobileye)

In October 2014, Tesla offered customers the ability to pre-purchase Autopilot[17] [18] [19] that was not designed for self-driving.[20] Initial versions were built in partnership with Mobileye,[21] but Mobileye ended the partnership in July 2016 because Tesla "was pushing the envelope in terms of safety".[22] [23]

Tesla cars manufactured after September 2014 had the initial hardware (hardware version 1 or HW1) that supported Autopilot.[24] The first Autopilot software release came in October 2015 as part of Tesla software version 7.0.[25] Version 7.1 removed some features to discourage risky driving.[26]

Version 8.0 processed radar signals to create a point cloud similar to lidar to help navigate in low visibility.[27] [28] In November 2016, Autopilot 8.0 was updated to encourage drivers to grip the steering wheel.[29] [30] By November 2016, Autopilot had operated for 300 million miles (500 million km).[31]

Hardware 2 and 3, and Navigate on Autopilot

In October 2016, Autopilot sensors and computing hardware transitioned to hardware version 2 (HW2) for new cars,[32] the upgraded hardware collectively was called Autopilot 2.0 to distinguish it from the original Autopilot/HW1 vehicles.[33] At the time it was launched, Autopilot 2.0 vehicles with HW2 actually had fewer features than HW1 vehicles; for example, HW2 vehicles were unable to be summoned in 2016.[34] [35]

Tesla also used the term Enhanced Autopilot (EA) to refer to planned capabilities that would be coming to HW2 vehicles; the signature EA feature announced in December 2016 was "Navigate on Autopilot", which allows machine-controlled driving on controlled-access highways from on-ramp to off-ramp, including the abilities to change lanes without driver input, transition from one freeway to another, and exit.[36] HW2 vehicles were updated in January and February 2017 with software version 8.0, which included traffic-aware cruise control and autosteer (lane-centering) on divided highways and 'local roads' up to a speed of .[37] [38] Version 8.0 also put more emphasis on the radar system, to try to avoid problems like the fatal 2016 Autopilot crash in Florida.[39] Software version 8.1 for HW2 arrived in March 2017, providing HW2 cars feature parity with HW1 cars, but not "Navigate on Autopilot".[40]

In August 2017, Tesla announced hardware version 2.5 (HW2.5), which upgraded the on-board processor and added redundant systems.[41] Software version 9.0 was released in October 2018,[42] in preparation for the release of "Navigate on Autopilot" for HW2/HW2.5 vehicles with EA, which was implemented later that month.[43] At the same time, Tesla removed the option to purchase the "Full Self-Driving" upgrade.[44] In a November 2018 test drive, The Verge reporter Andrew J. Hawkins called the beta "Navigate on Autopilot" system "the feature that could give Tesla an edge as it grows from niche company to global powerhouse".[45] As initially released, "Navigate on Autopilot" would suggest lane changes, but could not change lanes until the suggestion had been confirmed by the driver through the turn signal stalk.[46]

In March 2019, Tesla transitioned to hardware version 3 (HW3) for new cars.[47] Completely automated lane changes without requiring driver confirmation using "Navigate on Autopilot" were added as an option in an April software update,[48] although Consumer Reports called it "far less competent" than a human driver.[49] To comply with the new United Nations Economic Commission for Europe regulation related to automatically commanded steering function,[50] Tesla provided an updated Autopilot in May, limited to Europe.[51] In September, Tesla released software version 10 to Early Access Program (EAP) testers, citing improvements in driving visualization and automatic lane changes.[52]

In 2021, Tesla began transitioning from using radar to only using Tesla Vision.[53] In October 2022 it provided its reasoning, citing "safety."[54]

Hardware 4

Samsung makes the processor for Hardware 4 (HW4) on a 7 nm process. The custom System on a chip (SoC) is called "FSD Computer 2".[55] The board has 16 GB of RAM and 256 GB of storage, which are two and four times the RAM and storage in HW3, respectively.[56] Musk stated that HW4 computational capabilities are three to eight times more powerful than HW3.

Tesla started shipping cars with HW4 in January 2023, starting with the refreshed Model S and Model Y;[57] however, FSD was not available initially.[58] It took six months before HW4-based cars ran camera-based software.[59] Despite the increased image sensor resolution with HW4-equipped cars, HW4 runs the FSD software by emulating HW3, including downsizing the camera images, as Tesla has postponed training based on the new HW4 cameras.[60] Musk stated that the HW4-specific training of FSD will start after the new data center is finished at the Texas Gigafactory.

A tear down of a HW4 Model S and Model X car in 2023 revealed that they have high definition radar hardware, but the software did not use radar.[61]

Hardware 5

Musk announced Hardware 5 (HW5), being named AI5, during the Tesla annual meeting on June 13, 2024.[62] Musk stated it is scheduled for release in January 2026, and will be ten times more powerful than HW4. Musk also stated that it will use up to 800 watts when processing complex environments, versus a maximum of 300 watts for HW3 and HW4.

Deceptive Full Self-Driving video promotion

In October 2016, at the same time as the release of HW2,[63] Tesla released a video entitled "Full Self-Driving Hardware on All Teslas"[64] that claimed to demonstrate Full Self-Driving, the system designed to extend automated driving to local roads.[65] (CEO Elon Musk tweeted a link to a longer version in November 2016.[66]) In the video, the person in the driver's seat does not touch the steering wheel or pedals during the demonstration. The video also shows perspectives from the vehicle's cameras and image recognition system.[67] At Musk's suggestion, the title card states "The person in the driver's seat is only there for legal reasons. He is not doing anything. The car is driving itself."[68] It was nicknamed the "Paint It Black" video, after the 1966 Rolling Stones song used as its soundtrack.[69]

Former employees who helped to produce the 2016 video were interviewed by The New York Times in 2021.[70] In the interview, they stated the vehicle was following a route that had been mapped with detailed scanning cameras, which is a technology that was and is not available in Tesla production cars. Even with these augmentations in place, human drivers had to intervene to take control, the vehicle allegedly struck "a roadside barrier" on the Tesla grounds during filming, requiring repairs to the vehicle, and the car crashed into a fence when trying to automatically park.[71] In January 2024, Bloomberg published an expose based on internal Tesla emails revealing that Musk personally oversaw the editing and post-production of the video.[72]

Motor Trend and Jalopnik compared what Tesla had showcased to the deceptive video depicting a Nikola One EV truck which was actually powered by gravity;[73] Jalopnik commented "[the Tesla video] may be worse, because this video was used to deceptively suggest capabilities of a system deployed into real people's hands and used on public roads."[74] In June 2022, Ashok Elluswamy, director of Autopilot software, made a statement during a deposition taken for a civil lawsuit filed against Tesla by the family of a driver that was killed in 2018 after the Model X he was driving using Autopilot crashed into a concrete barrier in Mountain View, California. Elluswamy stated the video was not originally intended "to accurately portray what was available for customers in 2016. It was to portray what was possible to build into the system," while the final video had no such disclaimer.[75] A Florida circuit court judge also noted the final video as part of Tesla's marketing strategy in rejecting Tesla's motion to dismiss a lawsuit over a 2019 death, writing that "absent from this video is any indication that the video is aspirational or that this technology doesn't currently exist in the market."

Full Self-Driving options

At the time the "Paint it Black" video was released in 2016, FSD was acknowledged to be "some way off in the future." The option to purchase the FSD upgrade to EA was removed from Tesla's website in October 2018; Elon Musk tweeted the upgrade was "causing too much confusion". Technology analyst Rob Enderle called the removal of the upgrade option "incredibly stupid", adding "don't release a system that doesn't work and make it hard to order."[76] During a January 2019 earnings call, Elon Musk reiterated "full self-driving capability is there", referring to "Navigate on Autopilot", an EA feature limited to controlled-access highways. The EA option was replaced by FSD in 2019 without offering "Navigate on Autopilot"-like functionality for local roads; autosteer and traffic-aware cruise control were transferred to the basic Autopilot feature set, which was made standard on all new Teslas.[77] [78]

In September 2020, Tesla reintroduced the term Enhanced Autopilot to distinguish the existing subset of features which included high-speed highway travel and low-speed parking and summoning, from FSD, which would add medium-speed city road travel.[79] Tesla released a "beta" version of its FSD software (which extended "Navigate on Autopilot"-like machine-controlled driving and navigation to 'local roads') in the United States in October 2020 to EAP testers.[80] [81] The EA option tier was made available to all buyers by June 2022, and the FSD beta had expanded to approximately 160,000 testers in the United States and Canada by September.[82] In November 2022, the FSD beta was extended to all owners in North America who had purchased the option.[83] In April 2024, FSD gained approval in China.[84]

Pricing

In 2016, the initial price of Autopilot (called "Enhanced Autopilot") was $5,000, and FSD was an add-on for $3,000.[85] In April 2019, basic Autopilot was included in every Tesla car,[86] and FSD was $5,000, growing to $10,000 in October 2020 and $15,000 in September 2022.[87] As the price of FSD increased, the fraction of buyers who purchased it steadily declined, from an estimated 37% in 2019 to 22% in 2020 to 12% in 2021.[88] Starting in 2021, the company offered a subscription for FSD for $199 per month or $99 per month if the customer had already purchased Enhanced Autopilot.[89] In September 2023, the price of FSD was reduced to $12,000.[90] In April 2024, Tesla reduced the FSD subscription price to $99 per month for either new users or users who had already purchased Enhanced Autopilot,[91] and reduced the purchase price to $8,000.[92] Tesla's dropping of the price of the service ran opposite Musk's earlier statements about how the price of FSD would continue to increase,[93] and angered existing FSD users who paid the higher prices previously.[94]

Regional availability

UK and Europe

Autopilot product capabilities in the United-Kingdom (UK) is different from the one available in the United-States. The UK product is a suite including technologies such as ACC, LKA and AEB similar to what is available in other European vehicles.[95]

EuroNCAP compared the Tesla Model 3 Autopilot ADAS suite with what is available in other European vehicles. EuroNCAP makes comment about disseminated misleading/confusing suggestive information. It also comments on a risk of overreliance.[96]

Other countries

In China, FSD was approved in late April 2024.[97]

In Australia, Basic Autopilot and Enhanced Autopilot are available while FSD is not. Lane change is available as part of Enhanced Autopilot.[98] In Australia, a FSD service which differs from the US beta one is available. For instance, turning in city street may not be available in Australian Tesla FSD.[99] In Australia, Tesla FSD may stop at stop signs.[100]

Full Self-Driving

Full Self-Driving (FSD) capability[101] is an upgrade package to Autopilot offering additional ADAS features, such as traffic light recognition.

Approach

Tesla's approach to try to achieve SAE Level 5 is to train a neural network using the behavior of 6+ million Tesla drivers[102] [103] using chiefly visible light cameras and the coarse-grained two-dimensional maps used for navigation.[104] [105] Tesla has made a deliberate decision to not use lidar, which Elon Musk has called "stupid, expensive and unnecessary".[106] This makes Tesla's approach markedly different from that of other companies like Waymo and Cruise which train their neural networks using the behavior of a small number of highly trained drivers,[107] [108] and are additionally relying on highly detailed (centimeter-scale) three-dimensional maps and lidar in their autonomous vehicles.[109] [110] [111] [112]

According to Elon Musk, full autonomy is "really a software limitation: The hardware exists to create full autonomy, so it's really about developing advanced, narrow AI for the car to operate on."[113] [114] The Autopilot development focus is on "increasingly sophisticated neural nets that can operate in reasonably sized computers in the car". According to Musk, "the car will learn over time", including from other cars.[115]

Tesla's software has been trained based on three billion miles driven by Tesla vehicles on public roads, .[116] [117] Alongside tens of millions of miles on public roads,[118] competitors have trained their software on tens of billions of miles in computer simulations, .[119] In terms of computing hardware, Tesla designed a self-driving computer chip that has been installed in its cars since March 2019[120] and also designed and built in-house a neural network training supercomputer ("Tesla Dojo");[121] [122] other vehicle automation companies such as Waymo regularly use custom chipsets and neural networks as well.[123] [124]

Predictions

In December 2015, Musk predicted that "complete autonomy" would be implemented by 2018.[125] At the end of 2016, Tesla expected to demonstrate full autonomy by the end of 2017,[126] [127] and in April 2017, Musk predicted that in around two years, drivers would be able to sleep in their vehicle while it drives itself.[128] In 2018 Tesla revised the date to demonstrate full autonomy to be by the end of 2019.[129]

In 2019[130] [131] and 2020,[132] Tesla's order page for "Full Self-Driving Capability" stated:

Coming later this year:

In January 2020, Musk claimed the FSD software would be "feature complete" by the end of 2020, adding that feature complete "doesn't mean that features are working well".[133] In August 2020, Musk stated that 200 software engineers, 100 hardware engineers and 500 "labelers" were working on Autopilot and FSD.[134] In early 2021, Musk stated that Tesla would provide SAE Level 5 autonomy by the end of 2021.[135] [136] In a March 2021 conference call between Tesla and the California Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV), Tesla's director of Autopilot software revealed that Musk's comments "did not reflect engineering reality." Details of the call were made public via a Freedom of Information Act request by PlainSite.[137] Speaking via video call at a 2023 AI conference held in Shanghai, Musk admitted that his former predictions were overly optimistic, and predicted that Tesla would finally realize fully autonomous vehicles at some point "later this year".[138]

During the Q1 2024 investors meeting in early 2024, Musk announced that he would reveal a new robotaxi product in August. According to research performed by NBC News, as of April 2024, Tesla has yet to apply for any state-level permits needed to operate autonomous vehicles in the US.[139]

Full Self-Driving beta

In October 2020, Tesla first released a beta version of its FSD software to early access program testers, a small group of users in the United States.[140] Musk stated that the testing of FSD beta "[w]ill be extremely slow [and] cautious" and "be limited to a small number of people who are expert [and] careful drivers". The release of the beta program renewed concern regarding whether the technology is ready for testing on public roads.[141] [142] In January 2021, the number of employees and customers testing the beta FSD software was "nearly 1,000"[143] expanding in May 2021 to several thousand employees and customers.[144]

In October 2021, Tesla began the wide release of the FSD beta to approximately 1,000 more drivers in the US, and the beta became accessible to Tesla drivers who achieved a 100 / 100 on a proprietary safety scoring system.[145] By November 2021 there were about 11,700 FSD beta testers[146] and about 150,000 vehicles using Tesla's safety score system,[147] which then grew to 60,000 users participating in FSD beta by January 2022,[148] and 100,000 users by April 2022. In November 2022, the FSD beta was opened to all North American owners who had purchased the option, regardless of safety score., Tesla has about 360,000 participants in FSD Beta.[149]

In February 2023, 362,758 vehicles equipped with the FSD beta were recalled by the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA),[150] and addition of new participants was halted by the company.[151] In March 2023, FSD Beta v11, which also merged Autopilot code with FSD, was released as a fix for the issues.[152] In July 2023, NHTSA asked Tesla to clarify which changes had been made, and when they were implemented.[153] The NHTSA later reported 60 crashes and one fatality involving the use of FSD beta during the period August 2022 to August 2023.[154]

Full Self Driving supervised

In August 2023, Musk livestreamed a 45-minute demo of the upcoming version 12 of FSD, which he claimed uses only a neural network, and not any human-written code.[155] There was one manual intervention: halfway through, it misinterpreted a green left-turn arrow as allowing forward traffic, and almost ran the red light before Musk intervened.

In March 2024, FSD version 12.3 started rolling out to an initial set of US customers, with positive feedback.[156] [157] Subsequently, Tesla announced a free one-month trial of FSD,[158] and Musk mandated demonstrating FSD to all prospective buyers in the US. FSD version 12.3.3 officially replaced the word "beta" with "supervised" in its naming,[159] and, in April 2024, Tesla announced that users had driven over 1 billion miles on FSD Beta.

In May 2024, analysts of data released by YipitData found that, of the nearly 3,500 Tesla owners who trialed FSD in April 2024, only 2% kept their subscriptions.[160]

Tesla Dojo

See main article: Tesla Dojo. Tesla Dojo is a supercomputer designed from the ground up by Tesla for computer vision video processing and recognition. It will be used to train Tesla's machine learning models to improve FSD.

Dojo was first mentioned by Musk in April 2019[161] [162] and August 2020. It was officially announced by Musk at Tesla's AI Day on August 19, 2021.[163] In September 2021, a Tesla Dojo whitepaper was released. In August 2023, Tesla said that it started production use of Dojo, configured with 10,000 Nvidia chips.[164]

Dojo consists of multiple cabinets. Each cabinet holds multiple, vertically arranged training tiles.[165] Each tile holds multiple Tesla-designed D1 processing chips with associated memory.[166] According to Tesla's senior director of Autopilot hardware, Ganesh Venkataramanan, "Tesla places 25 of these chips onto a single 'training tile', and 120 of these tiles come together... amounting to over an exaflop [a million teraflops] of power".[167] (Nvidia stated that the pre-Dojo Tesla AI-training center used 720 nodes of eight Nvidia A100 Tensor Core Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), 5,760 GPUs in total, for up to 1.8 exaflops of performance.[168]) In April 2024, Musk said Tesla was using 35,000 Nvidia H100 chips, and was on track to have invested $10 billion cumulatively by the end of the year to train the neural network model for FSD.[169]

Criticism

Tesla's self-driving strategy has been criticized as dangerous and obsolete as it was abandoned by other companies years ago.[170] [171] [172] Most experts believe that Tesla's approach of trying to achieve autonomous vehicles by eschewing high-definition maps and lidar is not feasible.[173] [174] [175] Auto analyst Brad Templeton has criticized Tesla's approach by arguing, "The no-map approach involves forgetting what was learned before and doing it all again."[176] In a May 2021 study by Guidehouse Insights, Tesla was ranked last for both strategy and execution in the autonomous driving sector.[177] Some news reports in 2019 state "practically everyone views [lidar] as an essential ingredient for self-driving cars"[178] and "experts and proponents say it adds depth and vision where camera and radar alone fall short."[179]

An August 2021 study conducted by Missy Cummings et al found three Tesla Model 3 cars exhibited "significant between and within vehicle variation on a number of metrics related to driver monitoring, alerting, and safe operation of the underlying autonomy... suggest[ing] that the performance of the underlying artificial intelligence and computer vision systems was extremely variable."[180]

In September 2021, legal scholars William Widen and Philip Koopman argued that Tesla's advertising of FSD as an SAE Level 2 system was misleading to "avoid regulatory oversight and permitting processes required of more highly automated vehicles".[181] Instead, they argued FSD should be considered a SAE Level 4 technology and urged state Departments of Transportation in the U.S. to classify it as such since publicly available videos show that "beta test drivers operate their vehicles as if to validate SAE Level 4 (high driving automation) features, often revealing dramatically risky situations created by use of the vehicles in this manner."

Driving features

Tesla's Autopilot is classified as Level 2 under the SAE six levels (0 to 5) of vehicle automation.[182] At this level, the car can act autonomously, but requires the driver to monitor the driving at all times and be prepared to take control at a moment's notice.[183] [184] Tesla's owner's manual states that Autopilot should not be used on city streets or on roads where traffic conditions are constantly changing;[185] [186] [187] however, some FSD capabilities ("traffic and stop sign control (beta)"), and future FSD capabilities ("autosteer on city streets") are advertised for city streets.[188]

Base Autopilot !! style="width:26%;"
Enhanced Autopilot (discontinued) !Full Self-Driving (FSD)
SAE ClassificationLevel 2
Traffic-Aware Cruise Control
Autosteer
Navigate on Autopilot
Auto Lane Change
Autopark
Summon
Smart Summon
Traffic and Stop Sign Control
Autosteer on City Streets

Comparisons

Safety statistics and concerns

Safety statistics

In April 2016, Elon Musk stated the probability of an accident was at least 50% lower when using Autopilot without citing any references. At the time, it was estimated that collectively, Teslas had been driven for 47 million miles in Autopilot mode.[202] After the first widely publicized fatal Autopilot crash in May 2016 which occurred in Williston, Florida, Tesla acknowledged the death and published a blog in June, comparing the average fatality rate in the United States (at the time, one per 94 million miles) and worldwide (one per 60 million miles) with that of Tesla Autopilot (one per 130 million miles);[203] Tesla stated in July that "customers using Autopilot are statistically safer than those not using it at all", "the [Autopilot] system provided a net safety benefit to society", and "the 'better-than-human' threshold had been crossed and robustly validated internally".[204] Tesla's statistical approach was criticized as comparing two different datasets; while Autopilot is limited to highway driving, the overall death rate for the United States includes more varied driving conditions. In addition, Tesla's vehicles were larger and more expensive than most vehicles on the road, making them generally safer in a crash.[205] Other factors that could have affected the data include weather conditions and Tesla owner demographics.[206]

Fortune criticized the sale of US$2 billion in Tesla stock, noted the sale occurred less than two weeks after "immediately" reporting the fatal early May crash to the NHTSA, but before Tesla posted its public acknowledgement of the crash in late June; the article stated that "Tesla and Musk did not disclose the very material fact that a man had died while using an auto-pilot technology that Tesla had marketed vigorously as safe and important to its customers." Musk responded to the article with a statistical argument in an email to the reporter, saying "Indeed, if anyone bothered to do the math (obviously, you did not) they would realize that of the over 1M auto deaths per year worldwide, approximately half a million people would have been saved if the Tesla autopilot was universally available. Please, take 5 mins and do the bloody math before you write an article that misleads the public."[207]

Following the Williston crash, NHTSA released a preliminary report in January 2017 stating "the Tesla vehicles' crash rate dropped by almost 40 percent after Autosteer installation."[208] [209] NHTSA did not release the data until November 2018. A private company, Quality Control Systems, released a report in February 2019 analyzing the same data, stating the NHTSA conclusion was "not well-founded".[210] Part of the data verification included scrutiny of the 43,781 vehicles NHTSA claimed had Autosteer installed; of those, only 5,714 had an exact odometer reading at the time that Autosteer was installed and airbag deployment data; collectively, the data for those 5,714 vehicles showed 32 airbag deployments in the traveled before installation, and 64 airbag deployments in the after.[211] That means the crash rate, as measured by the rate of airbag deployments per million miles of travel, actually increased from to after the installation of Autosteer,[212] an increase of 59%.

--This table provides the same information as the chart above. Consider keeping either the table or the chart if timely updates fail to be implemented.-->+ style="font-size:125%;" Tesla accident rates according to its self-published report
Autopilot
engaged
Year / Quarter(Reported as millions of miles
driven per accident, so higher
numbers imply a lower rate of
accidents.)
2018Q33.35 1.92
Q42.84 1.23
2019Q12.88 1.24
Q23.24 1.40
Q33.85 1.56
Q43.11 1.48
2020Q14.86 1.45
Q25.08 1.63
Q35.09 1.78
Q43.76 1.26
2021Q14.64 0.984
Q24.94 1.36
Q35.54 1.58
Q44.35 1.52
2022Q16.57 1.21
Q25.10 1.54
Q36.26 1.71
Q44.85 1.40
2023Q15.18 1.10
Q26.18 1.46
Q35.88 1.52
Q45.39 1.00
Starting in 2018, Tesla began publishing safety statistics on a quarterly basis,[213] using the values to demonstrate decreased accident rates while using Autopilot. The data have been difficult to interpret, as the actual crash counts, baseline mileage, and basic definition of a crash are not available. Because of this lack of accurate reporting, Green Car Reports noted that "While these updated numbers for Autopilot are encouraging, it's clear that Tesla's claims of its vastly superior safety—at least in terms of fatal accidents—are still vapor. It's way too soon to come to any firm conclusions about Autopilot safety."[214]

In February 2020, Andrej Karpathy, Tesla's head of AI and computer vision, stated that Tesla cars have driven 3 billion miles on Autopilot, of which 1 billion have been driven using Navigate on Autopilot; Tesla cars have performed 200,000 automated lane changes; and 1.2 million Smart Summon sessions have been initiated with Tesla cars.[215] He also stated that Tesla cars are avoiding pedestrian accidents at a rate of tens to hundreds per day.[216] The company stopped publishing safety statistics in 2022, but resumed in January 2023.[217] The first comparable safety statistics using Full Self-Driving were released in March 2023; Tesla stated that vehicles operating under FSD experienced a crash that deployed the airbag approximately every 3.2 million miles, compared to all crashes with airbag deployment reported to the police, which occur approximately every 0.6 million miles.[218]

Additionally, a statistical analysis first published as a preprint in 2021[219] and in final form in 2023[220] criticized the self-reported Tesla crash rate data, as it failed to account for vehicle owner demographics as well as the types of roads on which Autopilot was being operated. While the government baseline crash rate used as a comparison drew from vehicles of all ages, operating on roads ranging from highways, rural roads, and city streets, Tesla vehicles are relatively newer and Autopilot is limited to operations on freeways and highways. When adjusted for driver age and road type, Autopilot crash rates were found to be nearly the same as using "active safety features" only.

An MIT study published in September 2021 found that Autopilot is not as safe as Tesla claims, and led to drivers becoming inattentive.[221] [222]

Fatal and nonfatal crashes

See main article: List of Tesla Autopilot crashes. After Tesla software version 7.0 was released in October 2015 and Tesla claimed Autopilot would "[relieve] drivers of the most tedious and potentially dangerous aspects of road travel",[223] the first fatal crashes involving Autopilot occurred less than a year later, in China (January 2016)[224] and the United States (May 2016).[225] Tesla stated it had immediately informed the NHTSA about the US crash in May, but the NHTSA did not announce it until June 30, 2016, when it was widely reported as the first Autopilot-related fatality;[226] the death in China was not reported in the US until that September,[224] and Tesla stated that damage prevented it from confirming if Autopilot was engaged.[227]

The first Autopilot death in the US occurred after the Tesla collided with the side of a semi-trailer truck and underrode that vehicle's trailer, shearing off the greenhouse. After the fatality, Tesla stated that Autopilot failed to recognize the white trailer against a bright sky.[228] Musk reported that improvements to Autopilot in September 2016 would "[make] much more effective use of radar" and "very likely" would have prevented the fatal accident.[229] Despite these improvements, the shift to a different hardware platform, and additional updates to Autopilot, another fatal crash in May 2019 occurred when a Tesla again underrode the side of a trailer.[230] Five years after the first fatalities, in 2021, Tesla began transitioning to "Tesla Vision" by removing the radar from new Model 3 and Y vehicles;[231] in 2023, The Washington Post reported that Musk had pushed for a camera-only approach over the objections of Tesla engineers.

, there have been forty-four verified fatalities involving Tesla's Autopilot function, though other deadly incidents involving suspected Autopilot use remain outstanding.[232] Many of these incidents have received varying degrees of attention from news publications. Additionally, the NHTSA cited hundreds of nonfatal accidents in official documents.[233] In addition to failing to recognize the side of a trailer, Autopilot crashes have been blamed on driver distraction,[234] inability to detect stationary emergency vehicles,[235] and misuse outside the stated operational design domain of "controlled-access highways [...] with a center divider, clear lane markings, and no cross traffic".[236]

General concerns

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) criticized Tesla's lack of system safeguards in a fatal 2018 Autopilot crash in California,[237] and for failing to foresee and prevent "predictable abuse" of Autopilot.[238] [239] Following this collective criticism amid increased regulatory scrutiny of ADAS systems, especially Tesla Autopilot,[240] in June 2021, the NHTSA announced an order requiring automakers to report crashes involving vehicles equipped with ADAS features in the United States.[241] In April 2024, the NHTSA released the findings of a 3-year investigation of 956 vehicle collisions in which Tesla Autopilot was thought to have been in use that found that the system had contributed to at least 467 collisions including 13 that resulted in fatalities.[242]

Driver monitoring

Musk stated in October 2015 that "we're advising drivers to keep their hands on the wheel [when Autopilot is engaged]". Despite this, multiple videos were posted to YouTube at the time showing drivers using Autopilot to drive hands-free, including Musk's ex-wife Talulah Riley. Other drivers have been found sleeping at the wheel, driving under the influence of alcohol, and performing other inappropriate tasks with Autopilot engaged.[243] As initially released, the Autopilot system uses a torque sensor to detect if the driver's hands were on the steering wheel[244] [245] and gives audible and visual warnings for the driver to take the wheel when no torque is detected, but several owners confirmed they could drive for several minutes hands-free before receiving a warning.[246] At least one device designed to defeat the torque sensor was ordered by NHTSA to discontinue sales in 2018.[247] Initially, Tesla decided against adding more advanced driver monitoring options to ensure drivers remained engaged with the driving task.[248]

In late May 2021, a new version of the software enabled driver-facing cameras inside new Model 3 and Model Y (i.e. the first cars as part of the switch to Tesla Vision) to monitor driver attentiveness while using Autopilot.[249] Model S and Model X cars made before 2021 do not have an inside camera and therefore physically cannot offer such capabilities, although the refreshed versions are expected to have one.[250] A review of the in-cabin camera-based monitoring system by Consumer Reports found that drivers could still use Autopilot even when looking away from the road or using their phones, and could also enable FSD beta software "with the camera covered."[251]

In 2022, Musk agreed to a proposal on Twitter that "users with more than 10,000 miles on FSD Beta should be given the option to turn off the steering wheel nag",[252] saying the system would be updated in January 2023.[253] [254] In April, Musk confirmed the nag was being reduced gradually.[255] That June, a hacker discovered that FSD Beta had an undocumented mode which disables all driver monitoring.[256] The NHTSA wrote a letter to Tesla under the authority of EA 22-002 on July 26, noting the new mode "could lead to greater driver inattention and failure of the driver to properly supervise Autopilot". The letter was attached a Special Order requesting when the software was updated with the hidden mode, detailed steps or conditions required to unlock that mode, and the reasons why Tesla issued the updates.[257] Tesla responded by August 25;[258] the response was considered confidential and no public version is available.[259]

A "nag elimination" module sold as an aftermarket accessory automatically adjusts the volume from the steering wheel, which is registered as steering wheel input, allowing drivers to take their hands off the wheel. Anecdotal evidence has shown the module is effective only for Tesla vehicles sold in the United States and Canada, leading to speculation the driver monitoring software is different by region.[260]

Detecting stationary vehicles at speed

Autopilot may not detect stationary vehicles; the manual states: "Traffic-Aware Cruise Control cannot detect all objects and may not brake/decelerate for stationary vehicles, especially in situations when you are driving over and a vehicle you are following moves out of your driving path and a stationary vehicle or object is in front of you instead."[261] This has led to numerous crashes with stopped emergency vehicles.[262] [263] [264] [265]

Dangerous and unexpected behavior

In a 2019 Bloomberg survey, hundreds of Tesla owners reported dangerous behaviors with Autopilot, such as phantom braking, veering out of lane, or failing to stop for road hazards.[266] Autopilot users have also reported the software crashing and turning off suddenly, collisions with off ramp barriers, radar failures, unexpected swerving, tailgating, and uneven speed changes.[267]

Ars Technica notes that the brake system tends to initiate later than some drivers expect.[268] One driver claimed that Tesla's Autopilot failed to brake, resulting in collisions, but Tesla pointed out that the driver deactivated the cruise control of the car prior to the crash.[269] The automatic emergency braking (AEB) system also initiates sooner than some drivers expect due to a software error, which led to a recall in 2021 for false activation of the AEB system.[270]

Ars Technica also noted that while lane changes may be semi-automatic (if Autopilot is on, and the vehicle detects slow moving cars or if it is required to stay on route, the car may automatically change lanes without any driver input), the driver must show the car that he or she is paying attention by touching the steering wheel before the car makes the change.[271] In 2019, Consumer Reports noted that Tesla's automatic lane-change feature is "far less competent than a human driver".[272]

Data collection and privacy

Most late-model vehicles, including Teslas, are equipped with event data recorders which collect approximately five seconds of data to aid crash investigations, including speed, acceleration, brake use, steering input, and driver assistance feature status; Tesla vehicles permanently record this data as "gateway log" files onto a microSD card in the Media Control Unit, at a rate of approximately 5 times per second (hertz or Hz). Gateway log files are uploaded to Tesla when the vehicle connects to a Wi-Fi network.[273]

The Autopilot computer stores images (for all vehicles) and video (for model year 2016 and later vehicles) along with driving data similar to that captured in gateway log files at a higher temporal resolution (up to 50 Hz) and uploads these to Tesla periodically. These "snapshots" are deleted locally after being uploaded. Tesla has been silent about its data retention policies. Snapshot data always are captured when the vehicle crashes (defined as deploying the airbags) and are uploaded via a 4G cellular network. Snapshots sometimes also are captured for other events defined by Tesla.

Even when Autopilot is not actively providing steering, throttle, and brake controls, 2016 and later model year Teslas operate Autopilot in "Shadow Mode".[274] When the control inputs generated by the shadow mode Autopilot do not match those of the human driver, the vehicle may record a snapshot to assist in training the system, after which the data may be reviewed by the Autopilot team.[275] As explained by Karpathy, Tesla can deploy additional software "detectors" triggered by specific situations identified by snapshot data, which then upload camera and other data to Tesla when similar situations are detected. These data are used to revise the existing detectors.

For Teslas built after mid-2017, the Autopilot computer also records "trail" data, including the car's route as determined by GPS "breadcrumbs" for the entire trip. A trip starts when the vehicle shifts from Park to Drive, and ends when shifted back to Park. Trail data also includes vehicle speed, road type used, and Autopilot status. Like the snapshots, these trail data are deleted locally after being uploaded to Tesla. The trail data are meant to be anonymized by stripping the vehicle identification number (VIN) and assigning a temporary identifier, but the same temporary identifier can be assigned to a single vehicle for several weeks.[276]

Under Tesla's privacy policies,[277] the company does not sell customer and vehicle data, but may share the data with government entities. The Mozilla Foundation ranked Tesla as the worst of 25 car brands, receiving sub-standard scores on all of the foundation's privacy and security criteria.[278] [279]

Tesla Vision relies on the "Autopilot labeling team",[280] who view short video clips recorded by vehicle cameras and sent to Tesla, and who label visible signs and objects, training the machine vision interpreter.[281] [282]

Data labeling was first handled by a non-profit outsourcing company named Samasource, which initially provided 20 workers in Nairobi, Kenya. The Nairobi team grew to 400 workers by 2016, but Karpathy later stated the "quality [of their work] was not amazing" and Tesla began hiring employees for data labeling in San Mateo, California instead.[283]

In April 2023, it was revealed that San Mateo labeling employees had shared clips internally among themselves, including recordings of privately-owned areas such as garages, as well as crashes, road-rage incidents, and meme videos annotated with "amusing captions or commentary". Former Tesla employees described the San Mateo office atmosphere as "free-wheeling" and noted "people who got promoted to lead positions shared a lot of these funny [clips] and gained notoriety for being funny." In one case, the submersible Lotus Esprit prop featured in the James Bond film The Spy Who Loved Me, which had been purchased by Elon Musk in 2013 and stored in his garage, was recorded and shared by labeling team members. Because sharing these clips was apparently for entertainment and not related to Autopilot training, Carlo Plitz, a data privacy lawyer, noted "it would be difficult to find a legal justification" for doing so. After the San Mateo office was closed in June 2022, the labeling team moved to Buffalo, New York, where Tesla has a total of 675 employees, hundreds of whom are labelers.

Regulatory and legal actions

Regulation

In 2015, a spokesman for the NHTSA said that "any autonomous vehicle would need to meet applicable federal motor vehicle safety standards" and the NHTSA "will have the appropriate policies and regulations in place to ensure the safety of this type of vehicles".[284] On February 1, 2021, Robert Sumwalt, chair of the NTSB, wrote a letter to NHTSA regarding that agency's "Framework for Automated Driving System Safety", which had been published for comment in December 2020.[285] [286] In the letter, Sumwalt recommended that NHTSA include user monitoring as part of the safety framework and reiterated that "Tesla's lack of appropriate safeguards and NHTSA's inaction" to act on the NTSB's recommendation "that NHTSA develop a method to verify that manufacturers of vehicles equipped with Level 2 incorporate system safeguards that limit the use of automated vehicle control systems to the conditions for which they were designed" was a contributing cause to a fatal crash of a vehicle in Delray Beach, Florida in 2019.

NHTSA announced Standing General Order (SGO) 2021-01 on June 29, 2021. Under this General Order, manufacturers and operators of vehicles equipped with advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS, SAE J3016 Level 2) or automated driving systems (ADS, SAE Level 3 or higher) are required to report crashes. An amended order was issued and became effective on August 12, 2021.[287] Reporting is limited to crashes where the ADAS or ADS was engaged within 30 seconds prior to the crash that involve an injury that requires hospitalization, a fatality, a vehicle being towed from the scene, an air bag deployment, or involving a "vulnerable road user" (e.g., pedestrian or bicyclist); these crashes are required to be reported to NHTSA within one calendar day, and an updated report is required within 10 calendar days.[288] On August 16, 2021, after reports of 17 injuries and one death in car crashes involving emergency vehicles, the US auto safety regulators opened a formal safety probe (PE 21-020) into Tesla's driver assistance system Autopilot.[289]

Initial data from SGO 2021-01 were released in June 2022; 12 manufacturers reported 392 crashes involving ADAS (Level 2) between July 2021 and May 15, 2022. Of those 392 crashes, 273 were Tesla vehicles, out of approximately 830,000 Tesla vehicles equipped with ADAS. Honda had the next highest total, with 90 crashes reported out of approximately 6 million Honda vehicles equipped with ADAS.[290] The NHTSA said Tesla's numbers may appear high because it has real-time crash reports, whereas other automakers do not, so their crash reports may be delivered more slowly or not reported at all.[291] Collectively, five people were killed and six more were seriously hurt in the 392 ADAS crashes that were reported. According to updated data, by June 2023, Tesla drivers using Autopilot had been involved in 736 crashes and 17 fatalities cumulatively since 2019; 11 fatalities had occurred since May 2022.[292] [293]

SGO 2021-01 also applied to manufacturers of vehicles equipped with ADS (Levels 3 through 5); 25 ADS manufacturers reported 130 crashes in total from the initial data release in June 2022, led by Waymo (62), Transdev Alternative Services (34), and Cruise LLC (23). In most cases, these crashes involved the ADS vehicle being struck from the rear; only one serious injury was reported, and 108 of the 130 crashes resulted in no injury.

Court cases

See also: List of lawsuits involving Tesla, Inc.. Tesla's Autopilot was the subject of a class action suit brought in 2017 that claimed the second-generation Enhanced Autopilot system was "dangerously defective".[294] The suit was settled in 2018; owners who in 2016 and 2017 paid to equip their cars with the updated Autopilot software were compensated between $20 and $280 for the delay in implementing Autopilot 2.0.[295]

In 2020, a German court ruled in a lawsuit brought in 2019 by that Tesla had violated advertising regulations with its marketing of Autopilot.[296] [297] [298] Upon appeal, that decision was reversed in 2021 by a higher court under the condition that Tesla clarify the capabilities of Autopilot on its website.[299] [300]

In July 2022, a German court awarded a plaintiff most of the that she had paid for a Model X, based in part on a technical report that demonstrated Autopilot did not reliably recognize obstacles and would unnecessarily activate its brakes, which could cause a "massive hazard" in cities; Tesla's lawyers argued unsuccessfully that Autopilot was not designed for city traffic.[301]

In September 2022, a class action lawsuit was filed in the U.S. District Court (Northern California) alleging that "for years, Tesla has deceptively and misleading marketed its ADAS technology as autonomous driving technology under various names, including 'Autopilot,' 'Enhanced Autopilot,' and 'Full Self-Driving Capability, adding that Tesla represented "that it was perpetually on the cusp of perfecting that technology and finally fulfilling its promise of producing a fully self-driving car", while "Tesla knew for years its statements regarding its ADAS technology were deceptive and misleading, but the company made them anyway."[302] [303] Tesla filed a motion in November 2022 to dismiss the case, defending the company's actions as "mere failure to realize a long-term, aspirational goal [of a fully self-driving car] [and] not fraud", basing the motion on the private arbitration clause in the purchasing contract signed by each buyer.[304] [305]

A second class action lawsuit was filed in the same court by Tesla shareholders in late February 2023.[306] The complaint alleges the defendants "had significantly overstated the efficacy, viability, and safety of [Tesla's] Autopilot and FSD technologies" and those same systems "created a serious risk of accident and injury", which "subjected Tesla to an increased risk of regulatory and governmental scrutiny and enforcement action", linking multiple specific accidents to documented decreases in share prices.[307]

In April 2023, Tesla was found not liable in a lawsuit filed in 2020 by a driver who sued for damages after she claimed the Autopilot system guided her Tesla Model S into a curb, resulting in an airbag deployment and facial injuries.[308] Jurors explained in post-trial interviews that "Autopilot never confessed to be self pilot. It's not a self-driving car ... [Tesla] were adamant about a driver needing to always be aware."[309]

Additional lawsuits have been filed by the estates of two drivers killed in 2019 while using Autopilot, one in California and one in Florida. In the California case, which had not previously been reported, Tesla has argued the driver had consumed alcohol and it is not clear that Autopilot was engaged;[310] the plaintiff's lawyers alleged that a known defect in the Autopilot system had caused the vehicle to veer off a highway at and strike a palm tree.[311] Tesla prevailed in that case, with the jury voting 9–3 in October 2023 that there was no manufacturing defect.[312] For the Florida case, the judge rejected Tesla's motion to dismiss, concluding that he could not "imagine how some ordinary consumers would not have some belief that the Tesla vehicles were capable of driving themselves hands free",[313] citing "reasonable evidence" demonstrating that Tesla had "engaged in a marketing strategy that painted the products as autonomous" and that Musk's statements "had a significant effect on the belief about the capabilities of the products".[314]

False or misleading advertising

The Center for Auto Safety and Consumer Watchdog wrote to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in 2018, asking them to open an investigation into the marketing of Autopilot. The letter stated "the marketing and advertising practices of Tesla, combined with Elon Musk's public statements, have made it reasonable for Tesla owners to believe, and act on that belief, that a Tesla with Autopilot is an autonomous vehicle capable of 'self-driving.[315] The groups renewed their appeal to the FTC and added the California DMV in 2019,[316] noting that "Tesla continues to be the only automaker to describe its Level 2 vehicles as 'self-driving' and the name of its driver assistance suite of features, Autopilot, connotes full autonomy."[317] U.S. Senators Ed Markey (D-MA) and Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) echoed these concerns to the FTC in 2021.[318]

A 2019 IIHS study showed that the name "Autopilot" causes more drivers to misperceive behaviors such as texting or taking a nap to be safe, versus similar level 2 driver-assistance systems from other car companies.[319] In 2020, UK safety experts called Tesla's Autopilot "especially misleading".[320]

In 2020, usability engineer Dixon published a paper which called Tesla's descriptions of Autopilot and FSD capabilities exaggerated.[321]

In 2021, following more than a dozen Autopilot crashes (some fatal), the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) started a criminal investigation to determine if Tesla misled consumers, investors, and regulators about Autopilot.[322] Tesla confirmed the DOJ had requested Autopilot and FSD-related documents in its 10-K filing for 2022.[323] The Securities and Exchange Commission also opened an independent civil probe into statements made by Tesla and its executives about Autopilot.[324] [325]

In July 2022, the California DMV filed two complaints with the state Office of Administrative Hearings that alleged Tesla "made or disseminated statements that are untrue or misleading, and not based on facts" relating to both "Autopilot and Full Self-Driving technologies".[326] [327] [328] In August 2022, Tesla requested a hearing to present its defense.[329]

In September 2022, California governor Gavin Newsom signed state bill SB 1398,[330] which took effect January 1, 2023 and prohibits any manufacturer or dealer of cars with partial driver automation features from using misleading language to advertise their vehicles as autonomous, such as by naming the system "Full Self-Driving".[331] [332]

NHTSA investigations

According to a document released in June 2021, the NHTSA has initiated at least 30 investigations into Tesla crashes that were believed to involve the use of Autopilot, with some involving fatalities.[333] [334]

In August 2021, the NHTSA Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) opened a preliminary evaluation (PE) designated PE 21-020 and released a list of eleven crashes involving Tesla vehicles striking stationary emergency vehicles; in each instance, NHTSA confirmed that Autopilot or Traffic Aware Cruise Control were active during the approach to the crashes. Of the eleven crashes, seven resulted in seventeen total injuries, and one resulted in one fatality. The scope of the planned evaluation of the Autopilot system specifically addressed the systems used to monitor and enforce driver engagement.[335] In September 2021, NHTSA added a twelfth accident in Orlando from August 2021 to the investigation list.[336]

NHTSA sent a request for information relating to PE 21-020 to Tesla's director of field quality in August 2021. The response was due by October 22, 2021.[337] [338] In September 2021, NHTSA sent a request for information to Tesla and other automobile manufacturers for comparative ADAS data.[339] [340] [341] After Tesla deployed its Emergency Light Detection Update in September 2021, NHTSA sent a follow-up letter to Tesla in October 2021 asking for "a chronology of events, internal investigations, and studies" that led to the deployment of the update,[342] as it potentially addressed a safety defect, which requires a formal recall.[343]

List of crashes in NHTSA ODI Preliminary Evaluation (PE) 21-020
Date City/County State Notes/Refs
CaliforniaTesla struck a stationary fire truck on southbound I-405.[344]
CaliforniaTesla struck a stationary patrol vehicle on Laguna Canyon Road at 11:07 a.m.[345] Later removed from investigation as patrol vehicle was parked out of right-of-way and emergency lights were not active.
ConnecticutTesla struck a stationary police cruiser with its emergency lights flashing on I-95 near exit 15. Driver stated he had been checking on his dog in the back seat.[346]
IndianaTesla struck a stationary fire truck on I-70 near mile marker 38; passenger in Tesla was killed.[347]
MassachusettsTesla struck a stationary patrol vehicle at 10 p.m. on Route 24. Driver stated that Autopilot was engaged.[348]
ArizonaTesla struck a stationary patrol vehicle at 3 a.m. on I-10 near Benson, Arizona.[349]
North CarolinaTesla struck a stationary patrol vehicle on US-64W near the border of Nash and Franklin counties. Driver was watching a movie.[350]
TexasTesla struck a stationary police cruiser at 1:15 a.m. on the Eastex Freeway near East River Road.[351]
MichiganTesla struck a stationary patrol car at 1:10 a.m. on I-96 in Eaton County.[352]
FloridaTesla struck a stationary Florida Department of Transportation road ranger truck at 5:30 a.m. on I-95 near 103rd St.[353]
CaliforniaTesla struck a stationary patrol car at 1:45 a.m. on State Route 56.[354]

In February 2022, NHTSA ODI opened a second preliminary evaluation (PE 22-002) for "phantom braking" in 2021–2022 Tesla Model 3 and Model Y vehicles.[355] PE 22-002 was correlated to the removal of radar hardware from those vehicles in May 2021; at the time PE 22-002 was opened, the NHTSA was not aware of any crashes or injuries resulting from the complaints.[356] According to some complaints, while using Autopilot, "rapid deceleration can occur without warning, at random, and often repeatedly in a single drive cycle." The Washington Post also published an article detailing the surge in complaints to NHTSA over false positives to its automatic emergency-braking system.[357] By May 2022, NHTSA had received 758 reports of unexpected braking when Autopilot was in use and requested that Tesla respond to questions by June 20, 2022.[358] [359]

Also in June 2022, NHTSA ODI upgraded PE 21-020 to an engineering analysis (EA) and designated it as EA 22-002, covering an estimated 830,000 Tesla vehicles sold between 2014 and 2022.[360] Data for PE 21-020 had been supplemented by prior information requests to Tesla (April 19, 2021) and Standing General Order (SGO) 2021-01,[361] issued June 29, 2021[362] and amended on August 5, 2021, which required manufacturers of advanced driving assistance systems to promptly report crashes to NHTSA.[363]

List of crashes added in NHTSA ODI Engineering Analysis (EA) 22-002
Date City/County State Notes/Refs
Texas[364]
South CarolinaInvolved crash attenuator truck
CaliforniaInvolved first responder
FloridaTesla struck a stationary patrol car at 5 a.m. on I-4.[365]
California
California

The investigation was expanded to an engineering analysis after NHTSA reviewed data from 191 crashes involving the use of Autopilot or related ADAS Level 2 technologies (Traffic-Aware Cruise Control, Autosteer, Navigate on Autopilot, or Auto Lane Change). 85 were removed because other drivers were involved or there was insufficient data. It was found that in approximately of the remaining 106 crashes, the driver was not sufficiently responsive to the driving task, and approximately of the 106 resulted from operating Autopilot outside of limited-access highways, or when traction and weather conditions could interfere. Detailed telemetry existed for 43 of the 106 crashes; of these, data from 37 indicated the driver's hands were on the steering wheel in the last second prior to collision.

The Laguna Beach incident identified initially in PE 21-020 was removed from EA 22-002 as it was found "the struck vehicle was parked out of traffic with no lights illuminated." Six incidents were added, making a total of sixteen accidents where a Tesla struck stationary emergency vehicle(s), including the August 2021 incident in Orlando. In these 16 incidents, NHTSA found that a majority resulted in forward collision warnings and approximately half resulted in automatic emergency braking. On average, when video was available, drivers would have been able to see a potential impact eight seconds prior to collision, yet Autopilot would abort control "less than one second prior to the first impact",[366] which may not have been enough time for the driver to assume full control.[367] In addition, the data suggest that Tesla's requirement for Autopilot drivers to have their hands on the wheel at all time may not be sufficient to ensure the driver is paying attention to the driving task.[368] [369]

NHTSA sent a second letter for EA 22-002 to Tesla in August 2022, which included requests for a description of the role of the driver-facing camera, identification of all lawsuits or arbitration resulting from Autopilot use, including complete transcripts of depositions, and "the engineering and safety explanation and evidence for design decisions regarding enforcement of driver engagement / attentiveness".[370] Tesla submitted a response in September. A follow-up letter was submitted in July 2023, asking for current data and updates to the prior response.[371] Starting in October 2023, NHTSA conveyed its preliminary conclusions to Tesla during several meetings, followed by Tesla conducting a voluntary recall on December 5, 2023, to provide an over-the-air software update to "incorporate additional controls and alerts ... to further encourage the driver to adhere to their continuous driving responsibility whenever Autosteer is engaged ... [and providing] additional checks upon engaging Autosteer and while using the feature outside controlled access highways", while not concurring with NHTSA's analysis. When filing its Defect Information Report associated with the December 2023 recall, Tesla concluded that "in certain circumstances, Autopilot's system controls may be insufficient for a driver assistance system that requires constant supervision by a human driver."[372]

EA 22-002 was closed in April 2024.[373] ODI concluded their "analysis of crash data indicates that, prior to [the December 2023 recall], Autopilot's design was not sufficient to maintain drivers' engagement", citing data showing that in 59 of 109 crashes, hazards were visible for at least five seconds prior to the collision. Also ODI added, based on vehicle telemetry, "the warnings provided by Autopilot when Autosteer was engaged did not adequately ensure that drivers maintained their attention on the driving task", showing that in approximately 80% of 135 incidents, braking and/or steering did not occur until less than one second before a collision.[372] A comparison to similar Level 2 ADAS led ODI to conclude "Tesla [is] an industry outlier in its approach to L2 technology by mismatching a weak driver engagement system with Autopilot's permissive operating capabilities".[372]

As a result, ODI immediately opened a second investigation into the effectiveness of the December 2023 recall,[374] noting "concerns [identified] due to post-remedy crash events and results from preliminary NHTSA tests of remedied vehicles. Also, Tesla has stated that a portion of the remedy both requires the owner to opt in and allows a driver to readily reverse it. Tesla has also deployed non-remedy updates to address issues that appear related to ODI's concerns under EA22002."[375]

Recalls

Tesla issued an "Emergency Light Detection Update" for Autopilot in September 2021 which was intended to detect "flashing emergency vehicle lights in low light conditions and then [respond] to said detection with driver alerts and changes to the vehicle speed while Autopilot is engaged", after NHTSA had opened PE 21-020 the previous month. After the update was issued, NHTSA sent a letter to Tesla asking why the update had not been performed under the recall process, as "any manufacturer issuing an over-the-air update that mitigates a defect that poses an unreasonable risk to motor vehicle safety is required to timely file an accompanying recall notice to NHTSA."[376] [377]

Tesla issued a recall of 11,728 vehicles in October 2021 due to a communication error that could lead to false forward-collision warnings or unexpected activations of the automatic emergency braking system. The error had been introduced by the Full Self-Driving beta software version 10.3 over-the-air firmware update, and was reversed by another over-the-air update the same month.[378] The recalled vehicles were reverted to 10.2, then updated to 10.3.1.

FSD 10.3 also was released with different driving profiles to control vehicle behavior, branded 'Chill', 'Average', and 'Assertive'; the 'Assertive' profile attracted negative coverage in January 2022 for advertising that it "may perform rolling stops" (passing through stop signs at up to 5.6 mph), change lanes frequently, and decrease the following distance.[379] [380] On February 1, after the NHTSA advised Tesla that failing to stop for a stop sign can increase the risk of a crash and threatened "immediate action" for "intentional design choices that are unsafe",[381] Tesla recalled nearly 54,000 vehicles to disable the rolling stop behavior,[382] removing the feature with an over-the-air software update.[383]

On February 16, 2023, Tesla issued a recall notice for all vehicles equipped with the Full Self-Driving beta software, including 2016–23 Model S and X; 2017–23 Model 3; and 2020–23 Model Y, covering 362,758 vehicles in total.[384] NHTSA identified four specific traffic situations in a letter sent to Tesla on January 25,[385] [386] and Tesla voluntarily chose to pursue a recall to address those situations, which include vehicles operating under FSD Beta performing the following inappropriate actions:

  1. Traveling or turning through an intersection on a "stale yellow traffic light"
  2. Not stopping perceptibly at stop signs
  3. Not adjusting speed appropriately in response to posted speed limit signs
  4. Continuing straight while traveling in turn-only lanes

The recall, which covers all versions of FSD Beta, was performed by pushing out a software update in March 2023.

On December 12, 2023, following a 2-year-long investigation by the NHTSA,[387] Tesla issued a wider recall on all vehicles equipped with any version of Autosteer, including 2012–2023 Model S; 2016–2023 Model X; 2017–2023 Model 3; and 2020–2023 Model Y, covering 2,031,220 vehicles in total.[388] The NHTSA concluded that Autosteer's controls were not sufficient to prevent misuse and did not ensure that the drivers maintained "continuous and sustained responsibility for vehicle operation". An over-the air software update was deployed to a subset of vehicles upon the release of the recall notice, with plans to roll it out to the remaining fleet at a later date, which made visual alerts more prominent within the user interface, simplified the process to turn Autosteer on and off, added additional checks when Autosteer is used near intersections or on streets that are not limited-access roads, and disabled Autosteer if the driver repeatedly failed to demonstrate driving responsibility while using the feature. In February 2024, Consumer Reports claimed that its testing of Tesla's Autopilot recall update did not fully address the safety concerns raised by the NHTSA, saying that the recall "addresses minor inconveniences rather than fixing the real problems."[389]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Golson . Jordan . Bohn . Dieter . October 19, 2016 . All new Tesla cars now have hardware for 'full self-driving capabilities' . October 22, 2016 . The Verge.
  2. Web site: Williams . Elliot . March 4, 2019 . Does Tesla's Autosteer Make Cars Less Safe? . March 5, 2019 . Hackaday . en.
  3. Web site: Tesla Vehicle Safety Report . April 29, 2024 . tesla.com . In the 4th quarter [of 2023], we recorded one crash for every 5.39 million miles driven in which drivers were using Autopilot technology. For drivers who were not using Autopilot technology, we recorded one crash for every 1.00 million miles driven. By comparison, the most recent data available from NHTSA and FHWA (from 2022) shows that in the United States there was an automobile crash approximately every 670,000 miles..
  4. News: Shepardson . David . March 18, 2021 . U.S. safety agency reviewing 23 Tesla crashes, three from recent weeks . en . Reuters . May 19, 2021.
  5. Web site: Hawkins . Andrew J. . October 22, 2020 . Tesla's "Full Self-Driving" beta is here, and it looks scary as hell . January 2, 2021 . The Verge . en.
  6. Web site: Mitrache . Vlad . October 26, 2020 . Full Self-Driving Beta Release Is Tesla's Most Irresponsible Move so Far . January 2, 2021 . autoevolution . en.
  7. Web site: July 6, 2016 . Should Tesla be 'beta testing' autopilot if there is a chance someone might die? . January 2, 2021 . The Guardian . en.
  8. Autonomous Vehicle Regulation, Does Tesla's Full Self-Driving Beta Release Comply with Law? . Widen . William H. . Koopman . Philip . 2021-09-27 . en . 3931341.
  9. Web site: Lee . Timothy B. . May 7, 2021 . Tesla Autopilot director contradicts Musk's self-driving timeline . July 22, 2021 . Ars Technica . en-us.
  10. Web site: Torchinsky . Jason . 2023-07-07 . Elon Musk Predicts Level 4 Or 5 Full Self-Driving 'Later This Year' For the Tenth Year In A Row . 2023-07-09 . The Autopian . en-US.
  11. News: Ohnsman. Alan. May 8, 2013. Tesla CEO Talking With Google About 'Autopilot' Systems. Bloomberg. June 28, 2019.
  12. News: Tesla Autopilot . February 23, 2016 . Bradley . Ryan . Technology Review . Massachusetts Institute of Technology . 28 November 2022.
  13. News: Tesla, Mobileye will end Autopilot technology collaboration . King . Danny . July 26, 2016 . Autoblog . 28 November 2022.
  14. News: Tesla makes self-driving tech standard on all cars . Davies . Chris . October 19, 2016 . Slash Gear . 28 November 2022.
  15. News: Tesla is rolling out its Navigate on Autopilot feature . Korosec . Kirsten . October 26, 2018 . TechCrunch . 28 November 2022.
  16. News: Tesla Is Now Beta-Testing 'Full Self Driving' in Real-World Traffic . Ramey . Jay . October 21, 2020 . Autoweek . 28 November 2022.
  17. News: Tesla D is, as expected, an AWD Model S but new autopilot features surprise . Blanco . Sebastian . October 9, 2014 . October 10, 2014 . AutoblogGreen.
  18. Web site: Riding shotgun in Tesla's fastest car ever . October 9, 2014 . October 10, 2014 . Engadget.
  19. News: Tesla Aims to Leapfrog Rivals . White . Joseph B. . October 10, 2014 . . March 21, 2015.
  20. Web site: Dual Motor Model S and Autopilot. October 10, 2014. Tesla. August 23, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191206043434/https://www.tesla.com/blog/dual-motor-model-s-and-autopilot . December 6, 2019 . live . Our goal with the introduction of this new hardware and software is not to enable driverless cars, which are still years away from becoming a reality. Our system is called Autopilot because it's similar to systems that pilots use to increase comfort and safety when conditions are clear. Tesla's Autopilot is a way to relieve drivers of the most boring and potentially dangerous aspects of road travel – but the driver is still responsible for, and ultimately in control of, the car..
  21. News: Tesla, Mobileye Rev Up on Future of Self-Driving Car . Howell . Donna . August 17, 2015 . Investors.com . December 16, 2015.
  22. News: In the wake of a fatal crash, Tesla will quit using Mobileye's chips for Autopilot vision. July 26, 2016 . ReCode . Bhuiyan. Johana . July 26, 2016.
  23. Web site: Mobileye spills the beans: Tesla was dropped because of safety concerns . Gitlin. Jonathan M.. September 15, 2016 . Ars Technica. November 14, 2016.
  24. Web site: Erwin. Blane. August 31, 2020. The Ultimate Guide to Tesla Autopilot. May 31, 2021. Current Automotive. en.
  25. News: Tesla beams down 'autopilot' mode to Model S. Nelson. Gabe . October 14, 2015. Automotive News . October 19, 2015.
  26. News: ELON MUSK: In 2 years your Tesla will be able to drive from New York to LA and find you. Zhang. Benjamin . January 10, 2016 . Automotive News. January 12, 2016.
  27. Web site: Brown. Mike. July 15, 2016. Tesla full self-driving beta: How to sign up now — Musk Reads. May 31, 2021. Inverse. en.
  28. Web site: Betters. Elyse. November 28, 2016. Tesla's heavily upgraded Autopilot will start rolling out in December. May 31, 2021. Pocket-lint. en-gb.
  29. Web site: Randall. Tom. January 19, 2017. Tesla's Autopilot Vindicated With 40% Drop in Crashes. May 31, 2021. Bloomberg.
  30. Web site: Automated Flight Controls . . While the autopilot relieves you from manually manipulating the flight controls, you must maintain vigilance over the system to ensure that it performs the intended functions and the aircraft remains within acceptable parameters of altitudes, airspeeds, and airspace limits. . . February 20, 2014.
  31. Web site: Tesla has now 1.3 billion miles of Autopilot data going into its new self-driving program. November 13, 2016 . Fred. Lambert . Electrek . November 13, 2016.
  32. Web site: All new Tesla cars now have hardware for 'full self-driving capabilities'. Golson. Jordan. October 19, 2016. The Verge. en. December 29, 2019.
  33. News: Tesla's Autopilot 2.0 said to add triple camera system and more radar . Etherington . Darrell . August 11, 2016 . TechCrunch . 29 November 2022.
  34. News: Every New Tesla, Including Model 3, To Get Hardware For Full Autonomy . Perkins . Chris . October 20, 2016 . Road & Track . 29 November 2022.
  35. News: Tesla's Autopilot is supposed to deliver full self-driving, so why does it feel stuck in the past? . Hawkins . Andrew J. . October 24, 2017 . The Verge . 29 November 2022.
  36. Web site: Davies. Chris. December 22, 2016. Tesla Enhanced Autopilot: What 8.1 is (and isn't) and 2016 will bring. May 31, 2021. SlashGear. en-US.
  37. News: Tesla Rolling Out Enhanced Autopilot To All HW2 Vehicles . Ayre . James . January 22, 2017 . Clean Technica . 29 November 2022.
  38. Web site: Tesla enables Autosteer on 'local roads' for new Enhanced Autopilot vehicles . Lambert . Fred . February 15, 2017 . Electrek . February 23, 2017.
  39. Web site: Green Car Congress . 12 September 2016 . Tesla leans on radar for Autopilot in Version 8 software . 23 June 2024 . Green Car Congress.
  40. Web site: Etherington. Darrell. March 29, 2017. Tesla's 8.1 software update brings Autopilot 2.0 cars up to speed. May 31, 2021. TechCrunch. en-US . https://web.archive.org/web/20170329193537/https://techcrunch.com/2017/03/29/teslas-8-1-software-update-brings-autopilot-2-0-cars-up-to-speed/ . March 29, 2017 . live.
  41. Web site: Hawkins. Andrew J.. August 9, 2017. Tesla has been working on a backup plan in case its self-driving promises fail. May 31, 2021. The Verge. en.
  42. News: Tesla releases system update 9, adds Atari games, dash-cam functionality . Stocksdale . Joel . October 5, 2018 . Autoblog . 29 November 2022.
  43. Web site: Introducing Navigate on Autopilot . October 26, 2018 . Tesla . 29 November 2022.
  44. News: No, Elon, the Navigate on Autopilot feature is not 'full self-driving' . Hawkins . Andrew J. . January 30, 2019 . The Verge . 29 November 2022.
  45. News: Tesla's Navigate on Autopilot is like Waze on steroids . Hawkins . Andrew J. . November 6, 2018 . The Verge . 29 November 2022.
  46. News: Tesla's Navigate on Autopilot Shows the Promise and Problems of Self-Driving Cars . Barry . Keith . November 2, 2018 . Consumer Reports . 29 November 2022.
  47. Simonite. Tom. April 24, 2019. Tesla's New Chip Holds the Key to 'Full Self-Driving'. en-us. Wired. July 6, 2020. 1059-1028.
  48. News: Tesla's new Navigate on Autopilot can now change lanes without confirmation . Hyatt . Kyle . April 3, 2019 . Road/Show . CNet . 29 November 2022.
  49. News: Consumer Reports knocks Tesla's Navigate on Autopilot feature . Korosec . Kirsten . May 22, 2019 . TechCrunch . 29 November 2022.
  50. Web site: November 7, 2018. Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Harmonized Technical United Nations Regulations for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and/or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these United Nations Regulations. United Nations.
  51. Web site: Khalid. A.. May 17, 2019. Tesla adjusts Autopilot to comply with new EU regulations. May 31, 2021. Engadget. en-US.
  52. Web site: September 17, 2019. Tesla Autopilot & Lane Change Improvements in Tesla Software V10 – CleanTechnica Review. September 20, 2019. CleanTechnica. en-US.
  53. Web site: Dipert . Brian . 2024-01-31 . Tesla's Relationship With Radar . 2024-06-23 . Edge AI and Vision Alliance . en-US.
  54. Web site: Tesla . 4 October 2022 . Tesla Vision Update: Replacing Ultrasonic Sensors with Tesla Vision . 23 June 2024 . Tesla.
  55. News: Hwang, Jeong-Soo . September 23, 2021 . Samsung to make Tesla's HW 4.0 self-driving auto chip . 15 February 2023 . The Korea Economic Daily.
  56. News: Agatie . Cristian . 18 August 2023 . Hardware 4 Teardown Shows How Tesla Shifted Resources Toward the Autopilot Computer . 15 June 2024 . Auto Evolution.
  57. Web site: Agatie . Cristian . 2024-06-14 . Elon Musk Reveals the First Details About Hardware 5 Autopilot Computer and Sensors . 2024-06-15 . autoevolution . en.
  58. News: Shocking: Tesla Model S/X With HW4 Cannot Handle Full Self-Driving for Now . 6 March 2023 . Cristian . Agatie . Auto Evolution . 16 June 2024.
  59. News: First Days With Tesla Model S Plaid With Hardware 4 . Frank O. . Clark . August 10, 2023 . Clean Technica . 15 June 2024.
  60. Web site: Zlatev . Daniel . March 30, 2024 . Tesla emulates FSD 12 on Hardware 4.0 vehicles as Elon Musk says HW3 cars a priority . June 15, 2024 . Notebookcheck.
  61. Web site: Agatie . Cristian . 2023-06-01 . Tesla Model S/X Cars With Hardware 4 Feature HD Radar Units, Unlike the HW4 Model Y . 2024-06-23 . autoevolution . en.
  62. Web site: Ashraf . Anan . June 21, 2024 . Elon Musk Outlines Tesla Giga Texas Expansion Plans: New Data Center To Have Over 500MW Capacity In Next 18 Months To Power Own And Nvidia AI Hardware - Tesla (NASDAQ:TSLA) . 2024-06-23 . Benzinga . English.
  63. News: Grabar . Henry . 2016-10-20 . Tesla Is Now Selling Cars That One Day Will Be Able to Drive Themselves . en-US . Slate . 2023-07-02 . 1091-2339.
  64. News: Tesla staged Autopilot demo video, says director of software . Clark, Mitchell . January 19, 2023 . The Verge . 20 January 2023.
  65. elonmusk . Elon . Musk . 789019145853513729 . Tesla drives itself (no human input at all) thru urban streets to highway to streets, then finds a parking spot.
  66. elonmusk . Elon . Musk . 799910213851590656 . Longer version of self-driving demo with Paint It Black soundtrack.
  67. News: Tesla releases self-driving demo video that shows what the car sees . Westlake . Adam . November 20, 2016 . Slash Gear . 28 November 2022.
  68. News: Musk Oversaw Video That Exaggerated Tesla's Self-Driving Capabilities . Hull, Dana . O'Kane, Sean . January 19, 2023 . Bloomberg . 20 January 2023.
  69. News: Watch Tesla's New Self-Driving Car System In Action . Brown . Aaron . October 20, 2016 . The Drive . 28 December 2022.
  70. News: Metz . Cade . Boudette . Neal E. . December 6, 2021 . Inside Tesla as Elon Musk Pushed an Unflinching Vision for Self-Driving Cars . December 7, 2021 . The New York Times . NYTimes.com . 0362-4331.
  71. News: Tesla engineer testifies that 2016 video promoting self-driving was faked . Bellan, Rebecca . January 17, 2023 . TechCrunch . 18 January 2023.
  72. Web site: Hull . Dana . 2024-01-19 . Musk Oversaw Video That Exaggerated Tesla's Self-Driving Capabilities . 2024-01-20 . Bloomberg.
  73. News: Tesla Faked Original Full Self-Driving Video, Former Employees Allege . Evans . Scott . December 6, 2021 . Motor Trend . 28 December 2022.
  74. News: The Car used In Tesla's Promo Video For Autopilot Hit A Barrier During Filming According To A New York Times Story . Torchinsky . Jason . December 7, 2021 . Jalopnik . 28 December 2022.
  75. News: Tesla video promoting self-driving was staged, engineer testifies . Jin, Hyunjoo . January 17, 2023 . Reuters . 18 January 2023.
  76. News: Tesla stopped promoting the 'Full Self-Driving' option for its cars . O'Kane . Sean . October 20, 2018 . The Verge . 29 November 2022.
  77. News: Tesla Brings Back Enhanced Autopilot, Offering Some of FSD's Features for the Low, Low Price of $6K . Ismail . Adam . June 28, 2022 . Jalopnik . 29 November 2022.
  78. News: Tesla brings back Enhanced Autopilot driver assistance . Iliff . Laurence . June 28, 2022 . Automotive News . 29 November 2022 . subscription.
  79. Web site: Lambert. Fred. September 19, 2020. Tesla reintroduces 'Enhanced Autopilot' – offering cheaper alternative to 'Full Self-Driving'. September 19, 2020. Electrek. en-US.
  80. Web site: Stoklosa . Alexander . October 22, 2020 . Tesla Puts "Beta" Version of Full Self-Driving Capability In Hands of Select Few . October 25, 2020 . Motor Trend.
  81. Web site: Stumpf . Rob . October 22, 2020 . Tesla Admits Full Self Driving Beta Could 'Do the Wrong Thing at the Worst Time' . December 23, 2020 . The Drive.
  82. News: Tesla's FSD Beta Expands To 60,000 More Owners In The US And Canada . Mihalascu . Dan . September 21, 2022 . Inside EVs . 29 November 2022.
  83. News: Nedelea . Andrei . November 24, 2022 . Any Tesla Driver Can Now Join Full Self-Driving Beta Regardless Of Safety Score . Inside EVs . 28 November 2022.
  84. Web site: 2024-04-29 . Tesla stock surges on 'watershed' full self-driving approval in China . 2024-05-01 . Yahoo Finance . en-US.
  85. Web site: Golson . Jordan . 2016-10-20 . Tesla's self-driving car hardware will run you $8,000 . 2022-08-05 . The Verge . en.
  86. Web site: Tesla Autopilot – The Ultimate Guide . 2022-10-31 . Find My Electric . en-US.
  87. Web site: Armstrong . Kevin . 2022-09-09 . Tesla FSD cost and price increase history . 2022-10-31 . Not a Tesla App . en.
  88. Web site: Team . Trefis . Dec 13, 2021 . Why Are Tesla's Self Driving Software Sales Slowing Down? . 2022-11-01 . Forbes . en.
  89. Web site: Vijayenthiran . Viknesh . Jan 10, 2022 . Tesla increases price of Full-Self Driving to $12,000 as demand wanes . 2022-08-05 . Motor Authority . en.
  90. Web site: Weber . Harri . 2023-09-01 . Tesla decreases the price of FSD beta to $12,000 . 2024-04-13 . TechCrunch . en-US.
  91. Web site: Hawkins . Andrew J. . 2024-04-12 . Tesla slashes price for monthly Full Self-Driving subscription . 2024-04-13 . The Verge . en.
  92. Web site: April 20, 2024 . Tesla cuts price of Full Self-Driving software by a third to $8,000 . Reuters.
  93. Web site: Gairola . Ananya . April 13, 2024 . Elon Musk's Tesla Slashes Price Of Full Self-Driving Package By Half: '...Now $99/Month' - Tesla (NASDAQ:TSLA) . 2024-04-13 . Benzinga . English.
  94. Web site: Kay . Grace . Tesla owners are angry after paying full price before Elon Musk instituted big discounts. A YouTuber started a petition for free FSD or Supercharging. . 2024-05-26 . Business Insider . en-US.
  95. Web site: Tesla Autopilot and Full Self-Driving explained. Carbuyer.
  96. Web site: EuroNCAP-Assisted Driving 2020 Tesla model-3 datasheet. 2020.
  97. Web site: April 29, 2024 . Tesla stock surges on 'watershed' full self-driving approval in China . May 1, 2024 . Yahoo Finance . en-US.
  98. Web site: Is Tesla's Enhanced Autopilot worth getting?. October 6, 2023. Drive.
  99. Web site: Tesla will ban you from Full Self-Driving beta for two weeks for inattentiveness. January 12, 2023. WhichCar.
  100. Web site: Tesla offering new Enhanced Autopilot option in Australia. June 17, 2022. CarExpert.
  101. Web site: 2019-02-13 . Autopilot and Full Self-Driving Capability . 2022-10-30 . tesla.com . en-us.
  102. Web site: Bleakley . Daniel . 2023-06-22 . Tesla to start building its FSD training supercomputer "Dojo" next month . 2023-07-01 . The Driven . en-US.
  103. Web site: Root . Jack Denton and Al . April 4, 2024 . Tesla Is Losing AI Talent Just as It Needs to Prove It's More Than a Car Maker . 2024-04-13 . www.barrons.com . en-US.
  104. Web site: Lekach. Sasha. April 23, 2019. Elon Musk Thinks Self-driving Cars That Rely On Laser Sensor Are 'Lame'. February 14, 2021. Mashable India. en-in.
  105. Web site: Barnard. Michael. June 20, 2019. If GM/Cruise Is Way Behind Waymo, How Does It Compare To Tesla?. October 23, 2020. CleanTechnica. en-US.
  106. Web site: LeBeau. Phil. May 23, 2019. Autonomous vehicle pioneer doubles down on technology Tesla CEO Elon Musk calls 'freaking stupid'. June 25, 2020. CNBC. en.
  107. Web site: Hawkins. Andrew J.. June 15, 2018. How GM trains human drivers to monitor its autonomous cars. February 14, 2021. The Verge. en.
  108. Web site: Hawkins. Andrew J.. May 9, 2018. Inside the lab where Waymo is building the brains for its driverless cars. February 14, 2021. The Verge. en.
  109. News: Quain. John R.. September 26, 2019. These High-Tech Sensors May Be the Key to Autonomous Cars (Published 2019). en-US. The New York Times. October 25, 2020. 0362-4331.
  110. Web site: Hawkins. Andrew J.. March 4, 2020. Waymo's next-generation self-driving system can 'see' a stop sign 500 meters away. October 25, 2020. The Verge. en.
  111. Web site: Hailing a driverless ride in a Waymo. October 24, 2020. TechCrunch. November 2019. en-US.
  112. Web site: October 12, 2020. Tesla Autopilot Updates & Notes from Elon Musk. October 25, 2020. CleanTechnica. en-US.
  113. Web site: Carmichael. Joe. When Will Elon Musk Announce Tesla's Autopilot 2.0 and a Model 3 HUD?. Inverse. August 23, 2016 .
  114. Web site: McMahon. Jeff. Software Is The Last Obstacle To Fully Autonomous Vehicles, Elon Musk Says. Forbes.
  115. Web site: Musk. Elon. July 31, 2015. The car will learn over time, but there is a min caliber of starting quality.. https://web.archive.org/web/20151110070132/https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/627181831826337793. November 10, 2015. August 6, 2015. Twitter.
  116. Web site: Brown. Mike. Tesla Autopilot just reached a huge halfway point toward full self-driving. October 24, 2020. Inverse. April 23, 2020 . en.
  117. Web site: Tesla Vehicle Deliveries and Autopilot Mileage Statistics. October 25, 2020. Lex Fridman. en-US.
  118. Web site: January 7, 2020. Waymo's autonomous cars have driven 20 million miles on public roads. October 25, 2020. VentureBeat. en-US.
  119. Web site: January 7, 2020. Waymo's autonomous cars have driven 20 million miles on public roads. October 24, 2020. VentureBeat. en-US.
  120. Web site: Agarwal. Yash. September 3, 2019. Tesla develops new chip: has it finally cracked full autonomous driving?. October 24, 2020. DriveTribe. en. November 25, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201125225116/https://drivetribe.com/p/tesla-develops-new-chip-has-it-Ua64gIycTYyUuiAyTPIRmQ.
  121. Web site: Brown. Mike. Tesla Dojo: Why Elon Musk says full self-driving is set for 'quantum leap'. October 24, 2020. Inverse. August 19, 2020 . en.
  122. Web site: Synced. August 19, 2020. Tesla Video Data Processing Supercomputer 'Dojo' – Building a 4D System Aiming at L5 Self-Driving. October 29, 2020. Synced. en-US.
  123. Web site: Waymo presents ChauffeurNet, a neural net designed to copy human driving. October 30, 2020. www.theregister.com. en.
  124. Web site: Rosevear. John. September 19, 2017. What Is Intel Really Supplying to Waymo?. October 30, 2020. The Motley Fool. en.
  125. News: Driverless cars show the limits of today's AI. The Economist. June 14, 2020. 0013-0613.
  126. News: Lambert. Fred. October 20, 2016. Tesla's software timeline for 'Enhanced Autopilot' transition means 'Full Self-Driving Capability' as early as next year. Electrek. October 20, 2016. At "2 to 3 months from now", Tesla expects .. the new software validation for the Autopilot features.
  127. News: Golson. Jordan. Bohn. Dieter. October 19, 2016. All new Tesla cars now have hardware for 'full self-driving capabilities'. The Verge. October 22, 2016.
  128. News: May 1, 2017. Elon Musk on Boring Company, Semi-Truck, Mars – TED Talk [transcript]]. Electrek. May 2, 2017. Chris: The time when someone will be able to buy one of your cars and literally just take the hands of the wheel and go to sleep and wake up and find that they've arrived. How far away is that? To do that safely? Elon: That's about two years..
  129. Web site: Brown. Mike. Elon Musk Doubles Down on Tesla Full Self-Driving for Next Year. February 9, 2019. Inverse. November 2, 2018 . en.
  130. Web site: Tesla says 'Automatic driving on city streets' including responding to traffic lights/stop signs coming this year. Weintraub. Seth. 2019-02-28. Electrek. en-US. 2019-12-29.
  131. Web site: 2019-12-16 . Design Your Model 3 Tesla . 2022-09-18 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191216094233/https://www.tesla.com/model3/design . 2019-12-16 .
  132. Web site: 2020-02-05. Design Your Model 3 Tesla. 2021-01-18. https://web.archive.org/web/20200205163057/https://www.tesla.com/model3/design#autopilot . 2020-02-05 .
  133. Web site: Elon Musk: Full Self Driving May Be 'Feature Complete' But That 'Doesn't Mean Features Are Working Well'. July 7, 2020. Jalopnik. 30 January 2020 . en-us.
  134. Web site: August 15, 2020. Tesla Autopilot Innovation Comes From Team Of ~300 Jedi Engineers – Interview With Elon Musk. August 16, 2020. CleanTechnica. en-US.
  135. Web site: Hyatt. Kyle. January 27, 2021. Elon Musk says Tesla's Full Self-Driving tech will have Level 5 autonomy by the end of 2021. January 29, 2021. Roadshow. en.
  136. Web site: Transcribing. Motley Fool. January 27, 2021. Tesla (TSLA) Q4 2020 Earnings Call Transcript. January 29, 2021. The Motley Fool. en.
  137. Web site: Hawkins. Andrew J.. May 7, 2021. Tesla privately admits Elon Musk has been exaggerating about 'full self-driving'. May 31, 2021. The Verge. en.
  138. Web site: Hart . Robert . Elon Musk Predicts Tesla Self-Driving Cars Will Arrive 'This Year' . 2024-02-18 . Forbes . en.
  139. Web site: 2024-04-11 . Robotaxi regulators say Tesla hasn't contacted them about plans teased by Elon Musk . 2024-05-26 . NBC News . en.
  140. Web site: Hawkins. Andrew J.. October 21, 2020. Tesla's 'Full Self-Driving' software is starting to roll out to select customers. January 26, 2021. The Verge. en.
  141. Web site: Holderith. Peter. Tesla's 'Full Self Driving' Beta Tech Nearly Wrecked This Model 3 Into a Parked Car. October 30, 2020. The Drive. October 27, 2020 .
  142. Web site: Synced. October 28, 2020. Tesla Rolls Out 'Full Self-Driving' Beta; Critics Apply the Brakes. October 30, 2020. Synced. en-US.
  143. Web site: Krisher. Tom. January 28, 2021. Tesla posts 1st annual profit but misses analysts' estimates. January 29, 2021. Chicago Tribune.
  144. Web site: CraftorXYZ . Fred . April 6, 2022 . Tesla Gigafactory interview . April 6, 2022 . YouTube . en-US.
  145. Web site: Lambert. Fred. October 11, 2021. Tesla officially starts its 'wider release' of Full Self-Driving Beta in the US. October 11, 2021. Electrek. en-US.
  146. News: Shepardson. David. November 2, 2021. Tesla recalls nearly 12,000 U.S. vehicles over software communication error. en. Reuters. November 30, 2021.
  147. Web site: Tesla has 150,000 cars using its safety score tool. November 30, 2021. TechCrunch. 21 October 2021. en-US.
  148. Web site: Novet . Lora Kolodny, Jordan . 2022-01-26 . Tesla beats on earnings and revenue, says supply chain issues were 'main limiting factor' . 2022-01-29 . CNBC . en.
  149. Web site: Bellan . Rebecca . 2023-02-22 . What to expect from Tesla's long-awaited FSD version 11 . 2023-02-28 . TechCrunch . en-US.
  150. Web site: 2023-02-17 . Regulators force Tesla to recall 363,000 'Full Self-Driving' vehicles . 2023-02-28 . PBS NewsHour . en-us.
  151. Web site: Stumpf . Rob . 2023-02-27 . Tesla Stops Activating Full Self-Driving Software in New Cars During Recall . 2024-04-04 . The Drive . en.
  152. News: Kierstein, Alex . March 23, 2023 . Tesla Fix Is In After Admitting Full-Self Driving May Cause Crashes, Recalling More Than 360,000 Cars . 7 July 2023 . Motor Trend.
  153. News: Krisher, Tom . July 6, 2023 . Tesla's Autopilot driver-assist system gets closer look as US seeks details on recent changes . 7 July 2023 . AP News.
  154. Web site: NHTSA . April 4, 2024 . Additional Information Regarding EA22002 . NHTSA.gov.
  155. Web site: Gault . Matthew . 2023-08-28 . Elon Musk Stops Self-Driving Tesla From Lurching Into Intersection In Demo, Musk Fans Cheer . 2023-09-02 . Vice . en.
  156. Web site: Agatie . Cristian . 2024-03-20 . Tesla Is Confident FSD Beta V12 Hit a Breakthrough, It's Too Good for Your Own Safety . 2024-03-27 . autoevolution . en.
  157. Web site: Eckert . Adam . March 27, 2024 . Brad Gerstner Buys Tesla Stock After 'ChatGPT Moment' With Latest FSD Release: 'Feels Like A Human Driving' - Tesla (NASDAQ:TSLA) . 2024-03-28 . Benzinga . English.
  158. Web site: O'Kane . Sean . 2024-03-26 . Tesla is pushing a free one-month trial of its FSD Beta driver-assistance software to US customers . 2024-03-27 . TechCrunch . en-US.
  159. Web site: Teague . Chris . 2024-04-02 . Tesla's FSD Gets a Rebrand and Moves Out of Beta . 2024-04-02 . thetruthaboutcars.com . en.
  160. Web site: 98 Percent of Drivers Who Try Tesla's Full Self-Driving Demo Ditch It After the Trial Period Is Over . 2024-05-26 . Futurism.
  161. Web site: Brown . Mike . August 19, 2020 . Tesla Dojo: Why Elon Musk says full self-driving is set for 'quantum leap' . https://web.archive.org/web/20210225054051/https://www.inverse.com/innovation/tesla-dojo-self-driving-vehicles . February 25, 2021 . September 5, 2021 . Inverse.
  162. Web site: June 22, 2021 . Ahead of 'Dojo,' Tesla Reveals Its Massive Precursor Supercomputer . HPCwire.
  163. News: Jin . Hyunjoo . August 20, 2021 . Musk says Tesla likely to launch humanoid robot prototype next year . . August 20, 2021.
  164. Web site: Shilov . Anton . 2023-08-28 . Tesla's $300 Million AI Cluster Is Going Live Today . 2023-09-03 . Tom's Hardware . en.
  165. Web site: Morgan . Timothy Prickett . 2022-08-24 . Inside Tesla's Innovative And Homegrown "Dojo" AI Supercomputer . 2023-04-11 . The Next Platform . en-US.
  166. Web site: Bellan . Rebecca . Alamalhodaei . Aria . August 20, 2021 . Top four highlights of Elon Musk's Tesla AI Day . August 20, 2021 . techcrunch.com . Techcrunch.
  167. Web site: Novet . Jordan . August 20, 2021 . Tesla unveils chip to train A.I. models inside its data centers . August 20, 2021 . cnbc.com . CNBC.
  168. Web site: Shahan . Zachary . August 19, 2021 . NVIDIA: Tesla's AI-Training Supercomputers Powered By Our GPUs . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210819222333/https://cleantechnica.com/2021/08/19/nvidia-teslas-ai-training-supercomputers-powered-by-us/ . August 19, 2021 . CleanTechnica.
  169. Web site: Lahiri . Anusuya . Elon Musk's Big Bet: Tesla to Ramp Up AI Development with Nvidia's Powerful Chips - NVIDIA (NASDAQ:NVDA), Tesla (NASDAQ:TSLA) . 2024-05-26 . Benzinga . English.
  170. Web site: Lee . Timothy B. . March 7, 2019 . Tesla has a self-driving strategy other companies abandoned years ago . January 2, 2021 . Ars Technica . en-us.
  171. Web site: Monticello . Mike . Tesla's 'Full Self-Driving Capability' Falls Short of Its Name . January 2, 2021 . Consumer Reports . en-US.
  172. Web site: Blanchard . Dave . May 3, 2018 . Tesla: Unsafe at Every Speed? . January 2, 2021 . www.ehstoday.com.
  173. Web site: Hawkins . Andrew J. . April 24, 2019 . It's Elon Musk vs. everyone else in the race for fully driverless cars . April 29, 2020 . The Verge . en.
  174. Web site: July 20, 2020 . Tesla's plan for Level 5 not feasible, experts say . October 30, 2020 . Automotive News . en.
  175. News: Metz . Cade . August 20, 2021 . Tesla Sells 'Full Self-Driving,' but What Is It Really? . en-US . The New York Times . August 20, 2021 . 0362-4331.
  176. Web site: Templeton . Brad . Elon Musk Declares Precision Maps A "Really Bad Idea" -- Here's Why Others Disagree . October 24, 2020 . Forbes . en.
  177. Web site: Abuelsamid . Sam . Shepard . Scott . May 20, 2021 . Guidehouse Insights Names Waymo, Nvidia, Argo AI, and Baidu the Leading Companies Developing Automated Driving Systems (Executive Summary) . May 24, 2021 . Guidehouse Insights.
  178. Web site: It's Elon Musk vs. everyone else in the race for fully driverless cars. Hawkins. Andrew J.. April 24, 2019. The Verge. en. April 29, 2020.
  179. Web site: June 17, 2019 . Elon Musk calls lidar 'stupid,' but most self-driving cars use it. Who's right? . April 30, 2020 . The Mercury News . en-US.
  180. Web site: Cummings . Mary . August 2021 . Safety Implications of Variability in Autonomous Driving Assist Alerting . August 22, 2021 . Duke University Humans and Autonomy Lab.
  181. Web site: Do Tesla FSD Beta Releases Violate Public Road Testing Regulations? . September 30, 2021 . www.jurist.org . September 27, 2021 . en-US.
  182. Web site: September 22, 2017. NTSB Finds Tesla Partly to Blame in Fatal Self-Driving Car Crash.
  183. News: Golson. Jordan. April 27, 2016. Volvo autonomous car engineer calls Tesla's Autopilot a 'wannabe'. The Verge. July 1, 2016.
  184. News: Korosec. Kirsten. December 15, 2015. Elon Musk Says Tesla Vehicles Will Drive Themselves in Two Years. Fortune. July 1, 2016.
  185. Web site: MODEL S OWNER'S MANUAL. Traffic-Aware Cruise Control is primarily intended for driving on dry, straight roads, such as highways and freeways. It should not be used on city streets.. November 7, 2020.
  186. Web site: NTSB Finds Tesla Partly to Blame in Fatal Self-Driving Car Crash. September 22, 2017. "While Tesla explicitly informed Model S owners that Autopilot should only be used on limited-access highways, it did not incorporate protections against its use on other types of roads.".
  187. Web site: MODEL Y OWNER'S MANUAL. Do not use Autosteer on city streets, in construction zones, or in areas where bicyclists or pedestrians may be present.. November 7, 2020.
  188. Web site: Autopilot and Full Self-Driving Capability. February 13, 2019. www.tesla.com.
  189. Web site: Olsen. Patrick. Cadillac Tops Tesla in Consumer Reports' First Ranking of Automated Driving Systems. June 23, 2020. Consumer Reports. October 4, 2018 . en-US.
  190. Web site: Barry. Keith. More Cars Getting GM's Super Cruise Automated Driving Setup. June 25, 2020. Consumer Reports. February 6, 2020 . en-US.
  191. Web site: Silver. David. Tesla Model 3 Autopilot Outperforms Competitors in Lane-Keeping Test. June 25, 2020. Forbes. en.
  192. Web site: Aftermarket Self-Driving Tech vs. Tesla Autopilot, Cadillac Super Cruise. July 25, 2020. www.caranddriver.com. February 10, 2020. en-US.
  193. Web site: Cadillac Super Cruise versus Tesla Autopilot. July 4, 2020. www.digitaltrends.com. June 10, 2020.
  194. Web site: Assisted Driving Gradings Euro NCAP. October 6, 2020. www.euroncap.com. en.
  195. Web site: Monticello . Mike . October 28, 2020 . Cadillac's Super Cruise Outperforms Other Driving Assistance Systems . Consumer Reports.
  196. Web site: Ferlita. Kyle. November 1, 2020. Consumer Reports says Tesla's Autopilot is a distant second to GM's Super Cruise. November 2, 2020. DriveTribe. en. January 13, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220113152516/https://drivetribe.com/p/consumer-reports-says-teslas-autopilot-eu3tThrTST2QYvxA2UInxQ.
  197. Web site: Evans. Scott. February 9, 2021. Cadillac Super Cruise Review: Better Than Tesla's Autopilot. February 9, 2021. MotorTrend.
  198. Web site: Monticello . Mike . January 25, 2023 . Ford's BlueCruise Ousts GM's Super Cruise as CR's Top-Rated Active Driving Assistance System . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20230210054537/https://www.consumerreports.org/cars/car-safety/active-driving-assistance-systems-review-a2103632203/ . February 10, 2023 . 2023-04-29 . Consumer Reports . en-US.
  199. Web site: 2023-10-17 . Ford's BlueCruise Remains CR's Top-Rated Active Driving Assistance System . 2024-03-13 . Consumer Reports . en-US.
  200. News: How Tesla, BMW, Ford, GM and Mercedes driver assist systems compare . Tim . Stevens . December 28, 2023 . TechCrunch . 29 December 2023.
  201. Web site: Hawkins . Andrew J. . 2024-03-12 . A top auto safety group tested 14 partial automated systems — only one passed . 2024-03-13 . The Verge . en.
  202. News: Loveday . Steven . April 29, 2016 . Elon Musk 'The Probability Of Having An Accident Is 50% Lower If You Have Autopilot On' . Inside EVs . April 29, 2016.
  203. Web site: A Tragic Loss . June 30, 2016 . Tesla (corporate blog) . 18 December 2023.
  204. News: Read Tesla's Full Response to 'Fortune' . July 6, 2016 . Fortune . 18 December 2023 . subscription.
  205. News: Tesla's Dubious Claims About Autopilot's Safety Record . Tom . Simonite . July 6, 2016 . Technology Review . 18 December 2023.
  206. News: How safe is Tesla Autopilot? Parsing the statistics (as suggested by Elon Musk) . David . Noland . October 13, 2016 . Green Car Reports . 18 December 2023.
  207. News: Elon Musk Says Autopilot Death 'Not Material' to Tesla Shareholders . Loomis, Carol J. . July 5, 2016 . Fortune . 18 December 2023.
  208. News: January 19, 2017 . Fatal Tesla Autopilot accident investigation ends with no recall ordered . January 19, 2017 . The Verge.
  209. News: January 19, 2017 . PE 16-007. MY2014-2016 Tesla Model S and Model X . June 7, 2017 . NHTSA.
  210. News: Mitchell . Russ . February 15, 2019 . An agency hid Tesla crash data for nearly two years . San Francisco Chronicle . May 17, 2019.
  211. News: NHTSA's Flawed Autopilot Safety Study Unmasked . Niedermeyer, Edward . July 15, 2019 . The Drive . 7 March 2023.
  212. NHTSA's Implausible Safety Claim for Tesla's Autosteer Driver Assistance System . February 8, 2019 . Quality Control Systems Corporation . May 17, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190628005001/http://www.safetyresearch.net/Library/NHTSA_Autosteer_Safety_Claim.pdf . June 28, 2019 .
  213. News: Tesla stopped reporting its Autopilot safety numbers online, Why? . Mitchell, Russ . December 27, 2022 . Los Angeles Times . 7 March 2023 . limited.
  214. News: Tesla fatal crash rate with Autopilot could still be no better than with human drivers . David . Noland . November 16, 2018 . Green Car Reports . 18 December 2023.
  215. Web site: Lambert . Fred . April 22, 2020 . Tesla drops a bunch of new Autopilot data, 3 billion miles and more . April 23, 2020 . Electrek . en-US.
  216. Web site: Lambert . Fred . April 21, 2020 . Tesla releases impressive videos of cars avoiding running over pedestrians . April 23, 2020 . Electrek . en-US.
  217. News: Tesla Safety Report Returns: Autopilot Gets Better And Better . Kane, Mark . January 11, 2023 . InsideEVs . 7 March 2023.
  218. News: Check Out Tesla's FSD Beta Crash Stats: Should We Be Impressed? . Loveday, Steven . March 7, 2023 . InsideEVs . 7 March 2023.
  219. Goodall . Noah J. . 2021-10-26 . A Methodology for Normalizing Safety Statistics of Partially Automated Vehicles . engrXiv . Preprint . en . 10.31224/osf.io/m8j6g . 240033225.
  220. Goodall . Noah . March 2023 . Normalizing crash risk of partially automated vehicles under sparse data . Journal of Transportation Safety & Security . 16 . 1–17 . 10.1080/19439962.2023.2178566. 257295413 .
  221. Web site: September 21, 2021 . New MIT study confirms Tesla's autopilot is indeed unsafe . September 21, 2021 . Screen Shot . en.
  222. Morando . Alberto . Gershon . Pnina . Mehler . Bruce . Reimer . Bryan . October 1, 2021 . A model for naturalistic glance behavior around Tesla Autopilot disengagements . Accident Analysis & Prevention . en . 161 . 106348 . 10.1016/j.aap.2021.106348 . 0001-4575 . 34492560 . free.
  223. Web site: Your Autopilot has arrived . October 14, 2015 . Tesla Motor Company . 15 June 2024.
  224. News: Autopilot Cited in Death of Chinese Tesla Driver . Neal E. . Boudette . September 14, 2016 . The New York Times . 15 June 2024.
  225. Tesla's Autopilot Has Had Its First Deadly Crash . Alex . Davies . June 30, 2016 . Wired . 15 June 2024.
  226. News: Tesla CEO Elon Musk says the autopilot death doesn't matter to investors . Kate . Irby . McClatchy . July 6, 2016 . Lexington Herald-Leader . 15 June 2024.
  227. News: Two Years On, A Father Is Still Fighting Tesla Over Autopilot And His Son's Fatal Crash . Ryan . Felton . February 27, 2018 . Jalopnik . 15 June 2024.
  228. News: White on White: Thoughts on Tesla's Autopilot Fatality . Stephan . Ohr . July 12, 2016 . EE Times . 15 June 2024.
  229. News: Tesla's Musk says new Autopilot likely would have prevented death . Alexandria . Sage . David . Sheparson . September 11, 2016 . Reuters . 15 June 2024.
  230. News: Tesla didn't fix an Autopilot problem for three years, and now another person is dead . Andrew J. . Hawkins . May 17, 2019 . The Verge . 15 June 2024.
  231. News: Tesla Is Ditching Radar in Transition to Camera-Only Autopilot System . Nick . Yekikian . May 25, 2021 . Motor Trend . 16 July 2024.
  232. Web site: Tesla Deaths Dataset . July 22, 2023 . tesladeaths.com.
  233. Web site: Lora . Kolodny . Rob . Wile . 2024-04-26 . Federal regulator finds Tesla Autopilot has 'critical safety gap' linked to hundreds of collisions . 2024-06-15 . CNBC . en.
  234. News: Tesla settles lawsuit over Autopilot crash that killed Apple engineer . Lora . Kolodny . April 8, 2024 . CNBC . 15 June 2024.
  235. Highway Accident Brief: Rear-End Collision Between a Car Operating with Advanced Driver Assistanc Systems and a Stationary Fire Truck, Culver City, California, January 22, 2018 . July 2019 . National Transportation Safety Board . 15 June 2024 . Performance data show that the Tesla followed various lead vehicles in heavy traffic for minutes before the crash. When the last lead vehicle changed lanes—3 to 4 seconds before the crash—revealing the fire truck on the path of the Tesla, the system was unable to immediately detect the hazard and accelerated the Tesla toward the stationary truck. By the time the system detected the stationary vehicle and gave the driver a collision warning—0.49 second before impact—the collision was imminent and the warning was too late, particularly for an inattentive driver..
  236. News: Tesla drivers run Autopilot where it's not intended — with deadly consequences . Trisha . Thadani . Faiz . Siddiqui . Rachel . Lerman . Jeremy B. . Merrill . December 10, 2023 . The Washington Post . 15 June 2024 . subscription.
  237. Web site: Shepardson. David. February 25, 2020. Tesla and U.S. Regulators Strongly Criticized Over Role of Autopilot in Crash. US News.
  238. Web site: Muller. Joann. NTSB says lax oversight of Tesla Autopilot is an accident waiting to happen. April 30, 2020. Axios. February 28, 2020 . en.
  239. Web site: NTSB Calls Out Tesla, Apple And NHTSA Over Fatal Autopilot Crashes And Sloppy Regulating. April 30, 2020. Jalopnik. 25 February 2020 . en-us.
  240. Web site: June 29, 2021 . U.S. regulators to more closely monitor advanced driver safety systems . June 29, 2021 . Reuters.
  241. NHTSA Orders Crash Reporting for Vehicles Equipped with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems and Automated Driving Systems . June 29, 2021 . National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . September 22, 2021.
  242. News: Kolodny. Lora. Wile. Rob. April 26, 2024. Federal regulator finds Tesla Autopilot has 'critical safety gap' linked to hundreds of collisions. CNBC. May 15, 2024.
  243. A Sleeping Tesla Driver Highlights Autopilot's Biggest Flaw. en. Wired. May 2, 2020. 1059-1028.
  244. News: Using An Orange to Fool Tesla's Autopilot Is Probably a Really Bad Idea . Lindeman, Tracey . January 16, 2018 . Motherboard . Vice . 13 July 2023.
  245. News: Amazon still sells versions of the dangerous Autopilot Buddy Tesla accessory . Krok, Andrew . Szymkowski, Sean . August 30, 2021 . Road/Show . CNet . 13 July 2023.
  246. News: Tesla mixes warnings and bravado about hands-free driving . Sage, Alexandria . Ingram, David . Reuters . July 1, 2016 . 13 July 2023.
  247. News: NHTSA issues cease and desist for Tesla Autopilot Buddy . Ewing, Steven . June 19, 2018 . Road/Show . CNet . 13 July 2023.
  248. Web site: O'Kane. Sean. May 14, 2018. Tesla rejected more advanced driver monitoring features on its cars. June 11, 2021. The Verge. en.
  249. Web site: Kolodny. Lora. May 28, 2021. Tesla starts using cabin cameras to make sure drivers are paying attention. May 31, 2021. CNBC. en.
  250. Web site: O'Kane. Sean. May 27, 2021. Tesla starts using in-car camera for Autopilot driver monitoring. May 31, 2021. The Verge. en.
  251. Web site: Tesla's Camera-Based Driver Monitoring Fails to Keep Driver Attention on the Road, CR Tests Show. 2021-12-23. Consumer Reports. en-US.
  252. Whole Mars Catalog . 1609094130638139393 . WholeMarsBlog . Users with more than 10,000 miles on FSD Beta should be given the option to turn off the steering wheel nag..
  253. Musk, Elon . 1609313412131037193 . elonmusk . Agreed, update coming in Jan.
  254. News: Tesla To Remove Steering Wheel Nag For Some Full Self-Driving Beta Users . Rivers, Stephen . January 2, 2023 . CarScoops . 13 July 2023.
  255. News: Tesla secret configuration allows select drivers to use Autopilot, FSD without a nag to take the wheel . Kolodny, Lora . June 20, 2023 . CNBC . 13 July 2023.
  256. News: Tesla hacker discovers secret 'Elon Mode' for hands-free Full Self-Driving . Shakir, Umar . June 20, 2023 . The Verge . 13 July 2023.
  257. Web site: EA 22-002 Special Order regarding changes to Tesla's driver monitoring system . Donaldson, John . July 26, 2023 . National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . 1 September 2023.
  258. News: Tesla is allowing no-hands driving with Autopilot for longer periods. US regulators have questions . Krisher, Tom . August 30, 2023 . AP News . 1 September 2023.
  259. Web site: EA 22-022 Notice of Confidential Response to Special Order . August 25, 2023 . National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . 1 September 2023.
  260. News: Tesla Autopilot Cheat Devices Reveal US Cars Have Less Safe Software Than Exports . James . Gilboy . January 29, 2024 . The Drive . 29 January 2024.
  261. Why Tesla's Autopilot Can't See a Stopped Firetruck . Wired . en-us . 1059-1028 . July 15, 2020.
  262. Web site: Steve . January 2, 2020 . Why Do Teslas Crash into Firetrucks and Other Emergency Vehicles? . October 7, 2020 . AutoPilot Review . en-US.
  263. Web site: July 14, 2020 . Tesla on 'Autopilot' hits police vehicle which hits ambulance, driver possibly drunk: police . July 15, 2020 . The Mercury News . en-US.
  264. Web site: Marteka . Peter . Tesla on Autopilot collided Saturday morning with a state police cruiser . July 15, 2020 . courant.com. December 7, 2019 .
  265. Web site: May 29, 2018 . Tesla that crashed into police car was in 'autopilot' mode, California official says . July 15, 2020 . The Guardian . en.
  266. News: Thousands of Tesla Owners Share Their Close Calls With Autopilot. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200104203129/https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2019-tesla-model-3-survey/autopilot.html. January 4, 2020. May 2, 2020. Bloomberg.com. R . Tom . Halford . Dean . Sam . Cedric . Best . Ryan .
  267. Web site: Claburn . Thomas. November 14, 2018. Oi, Elon: You Musk sort out your Autopilot! Tesla loyalists tell of code crashes, near-misses. May 2, 2020. www.theregister.co.uk. en.
  268. Web site: Hutchinson. Lee. May 21, 2016. Cruising with Tesla's Autopilot in Houston traffic. YouTube. May 21, 2016.
  269. News: Gitlin. Jonathan. May 14, 2016. Another driver says Tesla's autopilot failed to brake; Tesla says otherwise. Ars Technica. US. May 22, 2016.
  270. Web site: Tesla recalls nearly 12,000 U.S. vehicles over software communication error . Reuters . November 2, 2021 . CNBC . 13 March 2023.
  271. News: Hutchinson. Lee. June 3, 2016. Four hundred miles with Tesla's autopilot forced me to trust the machine. Ars Technica. US. May 22, 2016.
  272. Web site: Barry. Keith. May 22, 2019. Tesla's Updated Navigate on Autopilot Requires Significant Driver Intervention. January 2, 2021. Consumer Reports. en-US.
  273. News: Harris . Mark . 3 August 2022 . The radical scope of Tesla's data hoard . IEEE Spectrum . dead . 28 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230601065125/https://spectrum.ieee.org/tesla-autopilot-data-scope . June 1, 2023.
  274. Web site: Templeton . Brad . Apr 29, 2019 . Tesla's "Shadow" Testing Offers A Useful Advantage On The Biggest Problem In Robocars . 2023-06-30 . Forbes . en.
  275. News: Tesla's Autopilot depends on a deluge of data . Harris, Mark . 4 August 2022 . IEEE Spectrum . 28 June 2023.
  276. News: Who actually owns Tesla's data? . Harris, Mark . 5 August 2022 . IEEE Spectrum . 28 June 2023.
  277. Web site: Privacy policies: Location Services . Tesla . 28 June 2023.
  278. News: Tesla ranks poorly on protecting customers' data, report finds . Shawna . Chen . Felix . Salmon . September 11, 2023 . Axios . 24 June 2024.
  279. Web site: Weatherbed . Jess . 2023-09-06 . Mozilla study reveals that "modern cars are a privacy nightmare" . 2024-06-26 . The Verge . en.
  280. Web site: February 16, 2023 . In Response to False Allegations . March 23, 2023 . Tesla Motors.
  281. News: Siddiqui, Faiz . March 19, 2023 . How Elon Musk knocked Tesla's 'Full Self-Driving' off course . limited . 23 March 2023 . The Washington Post.
  282. News: Kolodny, Lora . June 28, 2022 . Tesla is cutting about 200 Autopilot jobs and closing office in San Mateo, California . 6 April 2023 . CNBC.
  283. News: Stecklow . Steve . Cunningham . Waylon . Jin . Hyunjoo . April 6, 2023 . Special Report – Tesla workers shared sensitive images recorded by customer cars . 6 April 2023 . Reuters.
  284. News: Aaron M. . Kessler. March 19, 2015. Elon Musk Says Self-Driving Tesla Cars Will Be in the U.S. by Summer. The New York Times. March 20, 2015.
  285. https://www.regulations.gov/comment/NHTSA-2020-0106-0617 . Docket No. DOT-NHTSA-2020-0106 . Sumwalt . Robert L. . February 1, 2021 . Robert L. Sumwalt (U.S. government official) . National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . May 17, 2021.
  286. News: A federal agency warns Tesla tests unfinished driverless tech on its users . Kolodny . Lora . March 12, 2021 . CNBC . May 17, 2021.
  287. Web site: Standing General Order on Crash Reporting for Levels of Driving Automation 2-5 . National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . September 22, 2021.
  288. Web site: First Amended Standing General Order 2021-01: Incident reporting for Automated Driving Systems (ADS) and Level 2 Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) . August 5, 2021 . National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . September 22, 2021.
  289. News: Shepardson . David . Jin . Hyunjoo . August 16, 2021 . U.S. opens formal safety probe into some 765,000 Tesla vehicles . Reuters . August 16, 2021.
  290. News: US report: nearly 400 crashes of automated tech vehicles . Krisher . Tom . June 15, 2022 . AP News . 15 June 2022.
  291. News: October 18, 2022 . 11 more crash deaths are linked to automated-tech vehicles . Tom . Krisher . 2022-11-01 . AP NEWS . en.
  292. News: 17 fatalities, 736 crashes: The shocking toll of Tesla's Autopilot . Siddiqui . Faiz . Merrill . Jeremy B. . June 10, 2023 . The Washington Post . 27 July 2023 . subscription.
  293. News: Report: Tesla Autopilot Involved in 736 Crashes since 2019 . Blanco, Sebastian . June 13, 2013 . Car and Driver . 27 July 2023.
  294. News: Lawsuit labels Tesla Autopilot as 'dangerously defective'. Autoweek. June 8, 2018.
  295. News: Bellon. Tina. Tesla agrees to settle class action over Autopilot billed as 'safer'. en-GB. Reuters. June 8, 2018.
  296. News: 15 July 2020 . Tesla's 'Autopilot' misleading, Germany rules . BBC News . 28 October 2022.
  297. Web site: Shead . Lora Kolodny, Sam . July 14, 2020 . German court rules that Tesla misled consumers on Autopilot and Full Self Driving . August 13, 2021 . CNBC . en.
  298. News: Ewing . Jack . July 14, 2020 . German Court Says Tesla Self-Driving Claims Are Misleading . en-US . The New York Times . July 15, 2020 . 0362-4331.
  299. News: August 16, 2022 . German court lets Tesla ads continue referring to autonomous driving . Reuters . 28 October 2022.
  300. News: Cao . Sissi . September 9, 2022 . Tesla's Claim That Its Cars Are Self-Driving May Cross the Line From Permitted 'Puffery' to False Advertising . Observer . 28 October 2022.
  301. News: July 15, 2022 . Munich court orders Tesla to reimburse customer for Autopilot problems . Reuters . 28 October 2022.
  302. Web site: Briggs A. Matsko v. Tesla, Inc. Case 3:22-cv-05240: Class Action Complaint . September 14, 2022 . United States District Court, Northern District of California . Cotchett, Pitre & McCarthy LLP . 31 October 2022.
  303. News: Tesla is sued by drivers over alleged false Autopilot, Full Self-Driving claims . Stempel . Jonathan . September 14, 2022 . Reuters . limited . 31 October 2022.
  304. News: Tesla says its self-driving technology may be a 'failure' — but not fraud . Mitchell, Russ . December 8, 2022 . Los Angeles Times . 13 March 2023 . subscription.
  305. News: Tesla's Direct Sales Model Helps It Thwart Customer Lawsuits . Ewing, Jack . December 19, 2022 . The New York Times . 13 March 2023.
  306. News: Tesla, Musk sued by shareholders over self-driving safety claims . February 27, 2023 . Jonathan . Stempel . Reuters . limited . 1 March 2023.
  307. Web site: Thomas LaMontagne v. Tesla, Inc., Elon R. Musk, Zachary J. Kirkhorn, and Deepak Ahuja Case 3:23-cv-00869: Class Action Complaint . February 27, 2023 . United States District Court, Northern District of California . Pomerantz LLP . 1 March 2023.
  308. News: Tesla wins bellwether trial over Autopilot car crash . Roy, Abhirup . Levine, Dan . Jin, Hyunjoo . April 22, 2023 . Reuters . 28 September 2023.
  309. News: Exclusive: Tesla's Autopilot never claimed to be self-pilot, juror says . Roy, Abhirup . Levine, Dan . Jin, Hyunjoo . April 22, 2023 . Reuters . 28 September 2023.
  310. News: Focus: Tesla braces for its first trial involving Autopilot fatality . Levine, Dan . Jin, Hyunjoo . August 28, 2023 . Reuters . 28 September 2023.
  311. News: Tesla aware of Autopilot steering malfunction before fatal crash -lawyer . Levine, Dan . Jin, Hyunjoo . October 25, 2023 . Reuters . 31 October 2023.
  312. News: Tesla wins first US Autopilot trial involving fatal crash . Levine, Dan . Jin, Hyunjoo . October 31, 2023 . Reuters . 31 October 2023.
  313. News: Lawsuit blaming Tesla's Autopilot for driver's death can go to trial, judge rules . Spencer, Terry . November 22, 2023 . AP News . 27 November 2023.
  314. News: Judge finds evidence that Tesla, Musk knew about Autopilot defect . Jin, Hyunjoo . Levine, Dan . November 21, 2023 . Reuters . 27 November 2023.
  315. News: 23 May 2018 . Tesla Autopilot: Name deceptive, claim groups . BBC News . 28 October 2022.
  316. Consumer Watchdog and the Center for Auto Safety Urge DMV, AG, & FTC to Investigate Tesla for Deceptive Practices After Another Autopilot-Related Death . July 25, 2019 . Scow . Adam . Consumer Watchdog . 28 October 2022.
  317. https://www.autosafety.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/CAS-and-CW-Letter-to-FTC-on-Tesla-Deceptive-Advertising-2019-FINAL.pdf. Renewed Request for Investigation of Deceptive and Unfair Practices in Advertising and Marketing of the 'Autopilot' Feature Offered in Tesla Motor Vehicles. Joseph Simons, Chairman, Federal Trade Commission. July 25, 2019. 28 October 2022.
  318. News: Barry . Keith . August 18, 2021 . Senators Call for Investigation of Tesla's Marketing Claims of Its Autopilot and 'Full Self-Driving' Features . Consumer Reports . 28 October 2022.
  319. Web site: New studies highlight driver confusion about automated systems . October 3, 2020 . IIHS-HLDI crash testing and highway safety . en.
  320. Web site: Tesla Autopilot slammed as "especially misleading" by UK safety experts . July 19, 2020 . Auto Express . en.
  321. Dixon . Liza . Autonowashing: The Greenwashing of Vehicle Automation . Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives . May 2020 . 5 . 100113 . 10.1016/j.trip.2020.100113 . free . 2020TrRIP...500113D .
  322. News: Spector, Mike . Levine, Dan . October 26, 2022 . Exclusive: Tesla faces U.S. criminal probe over self-driving claims . Reuters . 28 October 2022 . limited.
  323. News: Tesla tells investors it's being investigated by the Justice Department . Gitlin, Jonathan M. . January 31, 2013 . Ars Technica . 1 February 2023.
  324. News: Michaels, Dave . Elliott, Rebecca . October 27, 2022 . SEC, DOJ Probe Tesla Over Statements About Autopilot Functionality . The Wall Street Journal . subscription . 31 October 2022.
  325. News: Reports: Tesla will face DOJ, SEC scrutiny over self-driving claims . Halvorson . Bengt . October 28, 2022 . Green Car Reports . 31 October 2022.
  326. News: Mitchell . Russ . August 5, 2022 . California DMV accuses Tesla of falsely advertising Autopilot and Full Self-Driving features . Los Angeles Times . subscription . 28 October 2022.
  327. News: Huang, Kalley . Metz, Cade . August 5, 2022 . California Regulator Accuses Tesla of Falsely Advertising Autopilot . The New York Times . subscription . 28 October 2022.
  328. Web site: Kolodny . Lora . California DMV accuses Tesla of deceptive practices in marketing Autopilot and Full Self-Driving options . 2022-08-06 . CNBC . August 5, 2022 . en.
  329. News: Tesla seeks hearing on California regulator Autopilot allegations . Shepardson . David . August 18, 2022 . Reuters . limited . 31 October 2022.
  330. 2021 . 308 . An act to add Section 24011.5 to the Vehicle Code, relating to vehicles . 24011.5(b): A manufacturer or dealer shall not name any partial driving automation feature, or describe any partial driving automation feature in marketing materials, using language that implies or would otherwise lead a reasonable person to believe, that the feature allows the vehicle to function as an autonomous vehicle, as defined in Section 38750, or otherwise has functionality not actually included in the feature. A violation of this subdivision shall be considered a misleading advertisement for the purposes of Section 11713.
    24011.5(c): As used in this section, "partial driving automation feature" has the same meaning as "Level 2 partial driving automation" in the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Standard J3016 (April 2021).. direct URL
  331. News: Cano . Ricardo . 2022-12-22 . New California law effectively bans Tesla from advertising its cars as 'Full Self-Driving' . 2022-12-24 . San Francisco Chronicle . en-US.
  332. News: New Law Bans Elon Musk's Tesla From Advertising as 'Full Self-Driving' . Hurler . Kevin . 27 December 2022 . Gizmodo . 27 December 2022.
  333. Web site: PlainSite :: Documents :: NHTSA Special Crash Investigations ADAS / ADS Case Spreadsheet. June 23, 2021. www.plainsite.org.
  334. Web site: June 17, 2021. U.S. safety agency probes 10 Tesla crash deaths since 2016. June 23, 2021. Reuters.
  335. Web site: NHTSA ODI Document, PE 21-020 . August 19, 2021 . NHTSA.gov.
  336. News: U.S. identifies 12th Tesla Autopilot car crash involving emergency vehicle . Shepardson . David . September 1, 2021 . Reuters . September 21, 2021.
  337. Web site: NHTSA Preliminary Evaluation 21-020: Notification of evaluation and request for information . Magno . Gregory . August 31, 2021 . September 21, 2021.
  338. News: US asks Tesla how Autopilot responds to emergency vehicles . Krisher . Tom . September 1, 2021 . AP News . September 21, 2021.
  339. Web site: NHTSA Preliminary Evaluation 21-020: Notification of evaluation and request for information (BMW) . Magno . Gregory . September 13, 2021 . December 7, 2021.
  340. Web site: NHTSA Preliminary Evaluation 21-020: Notification of evaluation and request for information (Ford) . Magno . Gregory . September 13, 2021 . December 7, 2021.
  341. Web site: NHTSA Preliminary Evaluation 21-020: Notification of evaluation and request for information (Toyota) . Magno . Gregory . September 13, 2021 . December 7, 2021.
  342. Web site: NHTSA Preliminary Evaluation 21-020: Notification of evaluation and request for information . Magno . Gregory . October 12, 2021 . December 7, 2021.
  343. News: US regulators seek answers from Tesla over lack of recall . Krisher . Tom . October 13, 2021 . AP News . 13 June 2022.
  344. News: NTSB: Autopilot flaw, driver inattention caused Tesla crash . Krisher . Tom . September 4, 2019 . AP News . September 21, 2021.
  345. News: Tesla in Autopilot mode crashes into police vehicle in Laguna Beach . Fausto . Alma . May 29, 2018 . OC Register . September 21, 2021.
  346. News: State Police: cruiser struck by Tesla 3 in 'autopilot' mode . Flood . Bill . December 7, 2019 . Fox 61 News . September 21, 2021.
  347. News: Woman dead, man seriously injured after crashing into Cloverdale fire truck . December 29, 2019 . Fox 59 Indianapolis . September 21, 2021.
  348. News: Police: Tesla That Hit Mass. State Trooper's Vehicle Was In Autopilot . Kath . Ryan . June 30, 2020 . NBC 10 Boston . September 21, 2021.
  349. News: Tesla on autopilot crashes into DPS patrol car on I-10 . Minkler . Alana . July 14, 2020 . Arizona Republic . September 21, 2021.
  350. News: Tesla driver crashes into cop car while watching movie on autopilot, NC officials say . Jasper . Simone . August 26, 2020 . The News & Observer . Charlotte, North Carolina . September 21, 2021.
  351. News: 5 deputy constables injured in crash during Montgomery County traffic stop . February 27, 2021 . ABC 13 News (KTRK) . September 21, 2021.
  352. News: Tesla on autopilot crashes into Michigan trooper's patrol car . Associated Press . March 17, 2021 . Detroit Free Press . September 21, 2021.
  353. News: 3 injured after Tesla crashes into road ranger along I-95 . Pires . Raphael . May 19, 2021 . 7 News WSVN . September 21, 2021.
  354. News: Tesla driver, who allegedly put the car on autopilot, slams into CHP car on closed freeway . Price . Steve . July 12, 2021 . CBS 8 San Diego . September 21, 2021.
  355. Web site: Alkondon . Ajit . February 16, 2022 . Unexpected Brake Activation, ODI PE 22-002 . 3 June 2022 . United States Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
  356. News: Tesla Investigated over Phantom Braking—416,000 Cars Involved . Blanco . Sebastian . February 19, 2022 . Car and Driver . 3 June 2022.
  357. News: Tesla drivers report a surge in 'phantom braking'. en-US. Washington Post. 2022-02-02. 0190-8286.
  358. Information Request, Preliminary Evaluation PE 22-002 . May 4, 2022 . Magno . Gregory . U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Office of Defects Investigation . 9 June 2022.
  359. News: U.S. NHTSA asks Tesla to respond by June 20 in brake activation probe . Shepardson . David . June 3, 2022 . Reuters . 3 June 2022.
  360. ODI Resume, EA 22-002 . June 8, 2022 . Posada . Steven . U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Office of Defects Investigation . 9 June 2022.
  361. Web site: Standing General Order on Crash Reporting For incidents involving ADS and Level 2 ADAS . United States Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . 15 June 2022.
  362. In re: Standing General Order 2021-01 Incident Reporting for Automated Driving Systems (ADS) and Level 2 Advanced Driver Assistance Systems . United States Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . June 29, 2021 . 13 June 2022.
  363. In re: First Amended Standing General Order 2021-01 Incident Reporting for Automated Driving Systems (ADS) and Level 2 Advanced Driver Assistance Systems . United States Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . August 5, 2021 . 13 June 2022.
  364. Web site: Standing General Order on Crash Reporting For incidents involving ADS and Level 2 ADAS: Level 2 ADAS incident report data . 25 November 2022 . National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . CSV.
  365. News: Tesla in 'auto pilot' mode hits patrol car, another vehicle on I-4, troopers say . Argueta, Brenda . Didlake, Brian . August 28, 2021 . Click Orlando . September 21, 2021.
  366. News: 830,000 Teslas with Autopilot under NHTSA Investigation, Recall Possible . Blanco . Sebastian . June 11, 2022 . Car and Driver . 13 June 2022.
  367. News: Elon Musk's regulatory woes mount as U.S. moves closer to recalling Tesla's self-driving software . Hetzner . Christiaan . June 10, 2022 . Fortune . 13 June 2022.
  368. News: NHTSA deepens its probe into Tesla collisions with stationary emergency vehicles . Moon . Mariella . June 10, 2022 . engadget . 13 June 2022.
  369. News: Teslas with Autopliot a step closer to recall after wrecks . Krisher . Tom . June 9, 2022 . AP News . 13 June 2022.
  370. EA 22-002, Updated and Additional Information Request . August 18, 2022 . Ridella . Stephen . U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Office of Defects Investigation . 25 July 2023.
  371. EA 22-002, Current Data Request . July 3, 2023 . Topka . Tanya . U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Office of Defects Investigation . 25 July 2023.
  372. Additional Information Regarding EA22002 . April 25, 2024 . U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Office of Defects Investigation . 29 April 2024.
  373. News: Tesla Autopilot investigation closed after feds find 13 fatal crashes related to misuse . Sean . O'Kane . April 26, 2024 . TechCrunch . 29 April 2024.
  374. News: Tesla's Autopilot is under investigation again following 'recall' software update . Jess . Weatherbed . April 26, 2024 . The Verge . 29 April 2024.
  375. ODI resume, Investigation RQ24009, prompted by 23V838 . Alexa . Ardron . April 25, 2024 . U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Office of Defects Investigation . 29 April 2024.
  376. Web site: Letter to Eddie Gates, Director, Field Quality . October 12, 2021 . Magno, Gregory . National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . 13 March 2023.
  377. News: US regulators seek answers from Tesla over lack of recall . Krisher, Tom . October 13, 2021 . AP News . 13 March 2023.
  378. Web site: Part 573 Safety Recall Report 21V-846 . December 22, 2021 . United States Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . 3 June 2022.
  379. 1480218411162550273 . DavidZipper . January 9, 2022 . Zipper . David . I guess "Road Rage Mode" didn't fit on the screen.
  380. News: Tesla's 'Full Self-Driving' beta has an 'assertive' driving mode that 'may perform rolling stops' . Roth . Emma . January 9, 2022 . The Verge . 1 February 2022.
  381. Web site: McFarland . Matt . Tesla recalls all 53,822 vehicles with its 'full self-driving' feature . CNN.com . February 2022 . CNN . 2 February 2022.
  382. News: February 1, 2022 . Tesla recalls nearly 54,000 cars because self-driving software runs stop signs . CBS News . AP . 1 February 2022.
  383. Web site: Mihalascu . Dan . Feb 3, 2022 . Tesla FSD Beta 10.10 Release Notes Confirm "Rolling Stop" Removal . 2022-08-06 . InsideEVs . en.
  384. News: Lawler, Richard . February 16, 2023 . Tesla recalls 362,758 vehicles with Full Self-Driving beta for 'crash risk . 16 February 2023 . The Verge.
  385. Part 573 Safety Recall Report . 23V-085 . February 15, 2023 . National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . 16 February 2023.
  386. Web site: Full Self-Driving Software May Cause Crash . February 16, 2023 . National Highway Traffic Safety Administration . 16 February 2023.
  387. News: Krisher . Tom . Tesla recalls nearly all vehicles sold in US to fix system that monitors drivers using Autopilot . 13 December 2023 . AP News . Associated Press . 13 December 2023 . en.
  388. Part 573 Safety Recall Report. 23V-838. 12 December 2023. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 13 December 2023.
  389. News: 2024-04-26 . Tesla Autopilot feature was involved in 13 fatal crashes, US regulator says . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240426194636/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/apr/26/tesla-autopilot-fatal-crash . 2024-04-26 . 2024-04-27 . . en-GB . 0261-3077.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Tesla Autopilot".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.