Teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 explained

Teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TDGF1 gene.^{[1] [2]} The protein is an extracellular, membrane-bound signaling protein that plays an essential role in embryonic development and tumor growth. Mutations in this gene are associated with forebrain defects. Pseudogenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 2, 3, 6, 8, 19 and X. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.^[3]

Further reading

• Salomon DS, Bianco C, De Santis M . Cripto: a novel epidermal growth factor (EGF)-related peptide in mammary gland development and neoplasia. . BioEssays . 21 . 1 . 61–70 . 1999 . 10070255 . 10.1002/(SICI)1521-1878(199901)21:1<61::AID-BIES8>3.0.CO;2-H . 5873905 .
• Adamson ED, Minchiotti G, Salomon DS . Cripto: a tumor growth factor and more. . J. Cell. Physiol. . 190 . 3 . 267–78 . 2002 . 11857442 . 10.1002/jcp.10072 . 27825953 . free .
• Ciccodicola A, Dono R, Obici S, etal . Molecular characterization of a gene of the 'EGF family' expressed in undifferentiated human NTERA2 teratocarcinoma cells. . EMBO J. . 8 . 7 . 1987–91 . 1989 . 2792079 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03605.x. 401069 .
• Saccone S, Rapisarda A, Motta S, etal . Regional localization of the human EGF-like growth factor CRIPTO gene (TDGF-1) to chromosome 3p21. . Hum. Genet. . 95 . 2 . 229–30 . 1995 . 7860072 . 10.1007/BF00209409 . 25600337 .
• Brandt R, Normanno N, Gullick WJ, etal . Identification and biological characterization of an epidermal growth factor-related protein: cripto-1. . J. Biol. Chem. . 269 . 25 . 17320–8 . 1994 . 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)32557-7 . 8006041 . free .
• Friess H, Yamanaka Y, Büchler M, etal . Cripto, a member of the epidermal growth factor family, is over-expressed in human pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. . Int. J. Cancer . 56 . 5 . 668–74 . 1994 . 8314343 . 10.1002/ijc.2910560511 . 22608834 .
• Panico L, D'Antonio A, Salvatore G, etal . Differential immunohistochemical detection of transforming growth factor alpha, amphiregulin and CRIPTO in human normal and malignant breast tissues. . Int. J. Cancer . 65 . 1 . 51–6 . 1996 . 8543395 . 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19960103)65:1<51::AID-IJC9>3.0.CO;2-0 . free .
• Kannan S, De Santis M, Lohmeyer M, etal . Cripto enhances the tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc and activates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in mammary epithelial cells. . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 6 . 3330–5 . 1997 . 9013573 . 10.1074/jbc.272.6.3330 . free .
• Xu C, Liguori G, Adamson ED, Persico MG . Specific arrest of cardiogenesis in cultured embryonic stem cells lacking Cripto-1. . Dev. Biol. . 196 . 2 . 237–47 . 1998 . 9576836 . 10.1006/dbio.1998.8862 . free .
• Xu C, Liguori G, Persico MG, Adamson ED . Abrogation of the Cripto gene in mouse leads to failure of postgastrulation morphogenesis and lack of differentiation of cardiomyocytes. . Development . 126 . 3 . 483–94 . 1999 . 10.1242/dev.126.3.483 . 9876177 .
• Ebert AD, Wechselberger C, Frank S, etal . Cripto-1 induces phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase-dependent phosphorylation of AKT and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta in human cervical carcinoma cells. . Cancer Res. . 59 . 18 . 4502–5 . 1999 . 10493495 .
• Reissmann E, Jörnvall H, Blokzijl A, etal . The orphan receptor ALK7 and the Activin receptor ALK4 mediate signaling by Nodal proteins during vertebrate development. . Genes Dev. . 15 . 15 . 2010–22 . 2001 . 11485994 . 10.1101/gad.201801 . 312747 .
• Bianco C, Adkins HB, Wechselberger C, etal . Cripto-1 activates nodal- and ALK4-dependent and -independent signaling pathways in mammary epithelial Cells. . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 22 . 8 . 2586–97 . 2002 . 11909953 . 10.1128/MCB.22.8.2586-2597.2002 . 133714 .
• Yan YT, Liu JJ, Luo Y, etal . Dual roles of Cripto as a ligand and coreceptor in the nodal signaling pathway. . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 22 . 13 . 4439–49 . 2002 . 12052855 . 10.1128/MCB.22.13.4439-4449.2002 . 133918 .
• de la Cruz JM, Bamford RN, Burdine RD, etal . A loss-of-function mutation in the CFC domain of TDGF1 is associated with human forebrain defects. . Hum. Genet. . 110 . 5 . 422–8 . 2002 . 12073012 . 10.1007/s00439-002-0709-3 . 39149019 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .

See also

Cripto

Notes and References

1. Dono R, Montuori N, Rocchi M, De Ponti-Zilli L, Ciccodicola A, Persico MG . Isolation and characterization of the CRIPTO autosomal gene and its X-linked related sequence . Am J Hum Genet . 49 . 3 . 555–65 . Oct 1991 . 1882841 . 1683146 .
2. Scognamiglio B, Baldassarre G, Cassano C, Tucci M, Montuori N, Dono R, Lembo G, Barra A, Lago CT, Viglietto G, Rocchi M, Persico MG . Assignment of human teratocarcinoma derived growth factor (TDGF) sequences to chromosomes 2q37, 3q22, 6p25 and 19q13.1 . Cytogenet Cell Genet . 84 . 3–4 . 220–4 . Jul 1999 . 10393436 . 10.1159/000015263 . 539075 .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: TDGF1 teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1.