Coenraad Jacob Temminck Explained

Coenraad Jacob Temminck
Birth Date:	31 March 1778
Birth Place:	Amsterdam, Dutch Republic
Death Place:	Lisse, Netherlands
Citizenship:	Netherlands
Fields:	Zoology
Workplaces:	National Natural History Museum at Leiden
Notable Students:	Hermann Schlegel
Author Abbrev Zoo:	Temminck

Coenraad Jacob Temminck (in Dutch; Flemish pronounced as /ˈkunraːt ˈjaːkɔp ˈtɛmɪŋk/;^[1] 31 March 1778  – 30 January 1858) was a Dutch patrician, zoologist and museum director.^[2]

Biography

Coenraad Jacob Temminck was born on 31 March 1778 in Amsterdam in the Dutch Republic. From his father, Jacob Temminck, who was treasurer of the Dutch East India Company with links to numerous travellers and collectors, he inherited a large collection of bird specimens. His father was a good friend of Francois Levaillant who also guided Coenraad.

Temminck's Manuel d'ornithologie, ou Tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe (1815) was the standard work on European birds for many years. He was also the author of Histoire naturelle générale des Pigeons et des Gallinacées (1813–1817), Nouveau Recueil de Planches coloriées d'Oiseaux (1820–1839), and contributed to the mammalian sections of Philipp Franz von Siebold's Fauna japonica (1844–1850).

Temminck was the first director of the National Museum of Natural History in Leiden from 1820 until now. In 1824, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society.^[3] In 1831, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. In 1836 he became member of the Royal Institute, predecessor of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.^[4]

Works

Temminck, in collaboration with Heinrich Kuhl, is the author of descriptions of parrots, including the rosella Platycercus icterotis.^[5] A tailless mutant of a junglefowl Gallus lafayettii was described in 1807 by Temminck, which in 1868 the English naturalist Charles Darwin incorrectly denied existed.^[6] Another junglefowl, described in 1813 by Temminck as Gallus giganteus was, he believed, one of six wild ancestral species of domestic fowl; Darwin, however, demonstrated that the latter has a single (monophyletic) origin.^[7]

Species named after Temminck

A large number of animals were named for Temminck in the 19th century. Among those still in use are:^[8]

• Sharks:
  • Broadfin shark Lamiopsis temminckii
• Fishes
  • Ancistrus temminckii (an armoured suckermouth catfish)
  • Dark chub Zacco temminckii (a carp)
  • Nipponocypris temminckii (a cyprinid)
  • Samoan silverside Hypoatherina temminckii
  • The Longnose Pipefish Syngnathus temminckii Kaup, 1856
  • Oilfish Rovetus temminckii (synonym)
  • Goldribbon soapfish Aulacocephalus temminckii
  • Ditrema temminckii (a surfperch)
  • Thread-fin fairy-wrasse Cirrhilabrus temminckii
  • Kissing gourami Helostoma temminckii
• Reptiles:^[9]
  • Macrochelys temminckii (alligator snapping turtle)
  • Tytthoscincus temmincki (a skink)
• Birds:
  • Temminck's cormorant Phalacrocorax capillatus
  • Temminck's tragopan Tragopan temminckii
  • Bekisar G. varius × G. gallus "Gallus temminckii"
  • Temminck's courser Cursorius temminckii
  • Temminck's stint Calidris temminckii
  • Malaysian eared nightjar Eurostopodus temminckii
  • Purple-winged roller Coracias temminckii
  • Temminck's hornbill Penelopides exarhatus
  • Ochre-collared piculet Picumnus temminckii
  • Sulawesi pygmy woodpecker Dendrocopos temminckii
  • Temminck's fruit-dove Ptilinopus porphyreus
  • Cerulean cuckooshrike Coracina temminckii
  • Australian logrunner Orthonyx temminckii
  • Temminck's sunbird Aethopyga temminckii
  • Temminck's lark Eremophila bilopha
  • Temminck's babbler Pellorneum pyrrhogenys
  • Temminck's seedeater Sporophila falcirostris
  • Blue whistling thrush subspecies Myophonus caeruleus temminckii
  • Javan sunbird subspecies Aethopyga mystacalis temminckii
  • Black sparrowhawk subspecies Accipiter melanoleucus temminckii
• Mammals:
  • Temminck's mole Mogera wogura
  • Temminck's flying fox Pteropus temminckii
  • Temminck's tailless fruit bat Megaerops ecaudatus
  • Dwarf dog-faced bat Molossops temminckii
  • Temminck's trident bat Aselliscus tricuspidatus
  • Temminck's mysterious bat Nycticeius aenobarbus
  • Temminck's pangolin Smutsia temminckii
  • Temminck's golden cat Catopuma temminckii
  • Southern right whale Hunterus temminckii (a synonym)
  • Temminck's mouse Mus musculoides
  • Temminck's striped mouse Hybomys trivirgatus
  • Temminck's giant squirrel Epixerus ebii
  • Temminck's flying squirrel Petinomys setosus
  • Temminck's red colobus Pilocolobus badius temminckii (subspecies)

Bibliography

• Catalogue systématique du cabinet d’ornithologie et de la collection de quadrumanes, avec une courte description des oiseaux non-décrits. Sepps, Amsterdam 1807.
• Histoire naturelle générale des pigeons et des gallinacés. Sepps, Amsterdam 1808–15.
• Manuel d'ornithologie  ou  Tableau systématique des oiseaux qui se trouvent en Europe. Sepps & Dufour, Amsterdam, Paris 1815–40.
• Observations sur la classification méthodique des oiseaux et remarques sur l'analyse d'une nouvelle ornithologie élémentaire. Dufour, Amsterdam, Paris 1817.
• Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux, pour servir de suite et de complément aux planches enluminées de Buffon. Dufour & d'Ocagne, Paris 1821.
• Atlas des oiseaux d'Europe, pour servir de complément au Manuel d'ornithologie de M. Temminck. Belin, Paris 1826–42.
• Monographies de mammalogie. Dufour & d'Ocagne, Paris, Leiden 1827–41.
• Nouveau recueil de planches coloriées d'oiseaux. Levrault, Paris 1838.
• Iconographie ornithologique ou nouveau recueil général de planches peintes d'oiseaux Paris, 1845–1849.
• Coup-d'oeil général sur les possessions néerlandaises dans l'Inde archipélagique. Arnz, Leiden 1846–49.
• Esquisses zoologiques sur la côte de Guiné ... le partie, les mammifères. Brill, Leiden 1853.
• Las Posesiones holandesas en el Archipiélago de la India. Manila 1855.

Taxon described by him

• See

External links

Primary works

• Fauna Japonica (1833)
• Iconographie ornithologique ou nouveau recueil général de planches peintes d'oiseaux (1845-1849)
• Esquisses zoologiques sur la côte de Guiné ... le partie, les mammifères (1853)

Secondary works

• Erwin Stresemann, Analyse von C. J. Temmincks "Catalogue systématique" (1807), Zoologische Mededelingen Vol. 31, 1953, p. 319–331
• A.J.P. Raat, Alexander von Humboldt and Coenraad Jacob Temminck, Zoologische Bijdragen, Vol. 21, 1976, p. 19–38

Notes and References

1. First two words in isolation: in Dutch; Flemish pronounced as /ˈkunraːt ˈjaːkɔp/.
2. Gasso Miracle, M.E. 2008 The significance of Temminck's work on biogeography: Early nineteenth century natural history in Leiden, the Netherlands. Journal of the History of Biology 41(4):677–716
3. Web site: APS Member History. 6 April 2021. search.amphilsoc.org.
4. Web site: Coenraad Jacob Temminck (1778–1858) . Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences . 17 July 2015.
5. Web site: Species: Platycercus (Violania) icterotis [complete] ]. . . 28 October 2018 . en . Taxonomic Decision for Subspecies Arrangement: Condon, H.T. 1975..
6. 10.25226/bboc.v137i4.2017.a3. On Temminck's tailless Ceylon Junglefowl, and how Darwin denied their existence. 2017. Grouw. Hein van. Dekkers. Wim. Rookmaaker. Kees. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 137. 4. 261–271. 135206709. free. 10141/622616. free.
7. van Grouw. Hein. Dekkers. Wim. 21 September 2020. Temminck's Gallus giganteus; a gigantic obstacle to Darwin's theory of domesticated fowl origin?. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 140. 3. 10.25226/bboc.v140i3.2020.a5. 221823963. 0007-1595. free. 10141/622888. free.
8. Web site: Grayson. Mike. A ZOOLOGICAL "WHO WAS WHO". docs.google.com. 24 December 2016. https://archive.today/20161224201812/https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=em9vaGlzdG9yeS5jby51a3xiYXJ0bGV0dF9zb2NpZXR5fGd4OjJlOGUxNjE1MTM5NWJiZDY. 24 December 2016. 14. dead.
9. Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. . ("Temminck", p. 263).