| Temiar | |
| States: | Peninsular Malaysia |
| Date: | 2020 |
| Ref: | e25 |
| Familycolor: | Austro-Asiatic |
| Fam2: | Aslian |
| Fam3: | Senoic |
| Script: | Latin |
| Iso3: | tea |
| Glotto: | temi1246 |
| Glottorefname: | Temiar |
Temiar is a Central Aslian (Mon–Khmer) language spoken in Western Malaysia by the Temiar people. The Temiar are one of the most numerous Aslian-speaking peoples, numbering around 30,000 in 2017.[1]
Etymologically, the word "Temiar" means "edge" or "side". This meaning reflects the way in which Temiars describe themselves as "people of the edge, outside, [i.e. jungle]."[2]
| Close | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close-mid | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | ||
| Open-mid | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | |
| Open | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ |
| Close | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mid | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ | ||
| Open | pronounced as /ink/ pronounced as /ink/ |
| Bilabial | Dental | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosive | voiceless | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | |
| voiced | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | |||
| Nasal | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | |||
| Rhotic | pronounced as /ink/ | ||||||
| Lateral | pronounced as /ink/ | ||||||
| Fricative | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | |||||
| Approximant | pronounced as /ink/ | pronounced as /ink/ | |||||
The noun phrase is (pro)noun initial followed by modifiers and demonstratives or possessor pronouns. Pronouns may not be modified by another pronoun.[3] There are three allomorphic classes of pronouns (stressed unstressed, and bound). Stressed third person pronouns must occur with a demonstrative (and hence only occur as unstressed or as bound morphemes on the demonstrative (e.g. na-doh 'he-here' or ʔun-tu:y 'they-elsewhere.'
| Plural | ||||||
| Inclusive | Exclusive | Inclusive | Exclusive | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pronounced as /ye:ʔ/ | pronounced as /ʔa:r/ | pronounced as /ya:r/ | pronounced as /ʔɛ:ʔ/ | pronounced as /kanɛ:ʔ/ | |
| 2 | pronounced as /ha:ʔ/ | pronounced as /kəʔan/ | pronounced as /ɲɔb/ | |||
| Plural | |||||
| Inclusive | Exclusive | Inclusive | Exclusive | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pronounced as /yeh/ | pronounced as /ʔah/ | pronounced as /yah/ | pronounced as /ʔɛh/ | pronounced as /kanɛh/ |
| 2 | pronounced as /hah/ | pronounced as /kəʔan/ | pronounced as /ɲɔb/ | ||
| 3 | pronounced as /ʔəh/ | ||||