Television in Bangladesh explained

Television is one of the most popular forms of media and information in Bangladesh.[1] It was one of the first countries in South Asia to introduce television on 25 December 1964, in the then East Pakistan under the state-owned television network Pakistan Television Corporation in its capital, Dhaka. After the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, the Dhaka television station of PTV was renamed to Bangladesh Television, which had a monopoly on the country's television industry until 1997, with the launch of ATN Bangla on satellite television. Since then, the number of privately owned television channels saw a tremendous rise in the Bangladeshi television market.

As of 2019, 64% of households in Bangladesh had a television set,[2] with cable television dominating the pay television market there.[3] This is a tremendous increase compared to the data from 1975, when less than 0.2% of Bangladeshi households had a television set.[4]

Bangladesh Television currently serves as the sole television broadcaster provided on terrestrial television,[1] as Ekushey Television, formerly provided on terrestrial from its launch in 2000, was shut down two years later, although it did resume broadcasting later but on satellite television.[5] All television sets in Bangladesh shall be licensed for ownership.[6] Bangladesh has a total of forty television channels currently on the air, thirty-six of which are privately owned. Several television channels were even taken off the air. Pirate television stations have also existed in Bangladesh.[7]

History

Early ages

Television programming in the then East Pakistan was first commenced in 1964, when Pakistan Television established a television station in Dacca, the first after Lahore, and broadcast from the DIT Bhaban on a four-hour basis. On 4 March 1971, PTV's Dacca television station was unofficially renamed "Dhaka Television", and on 23 March, it began showing the flag of Bangladesh and playing the national anthem of Bangladesh and several pro-Bangladesh songs, as a part of the station to join the struggle for independence from Pakistan.[8] After the independence of Bangladesh, the station was immediately renamed Bangladesh Television, subsequently becoming a government-owned entity. In 1975, Bangladesh Television moved its studios and facilities in a newly built headquarters in Rampura.

Bangladesh Television had established fourteen relay terrestrial television stations up to 2003, the first one being in Natore in 1974, which cover up to more than 90% of Bangladesh's territory.[9] Bangladesh Television was the first television station in the region of South Asia to commence full-time color broadcasts on 16 December 1980, as inaugurated by president Ziaur Rahman,[4] [10] followed by Pakistan Television of Pakistan and Doordarshan of India in 1982.[9] As Bangladesh Television was the only television channel available in the country at the time, its viewership and popularity soared.

Rise of satellite television

Satellite television was introduced in Bangladesh in 1992, with over ten foreign channels having presence in the country at the time.[11] Simultaneously, the first cable company (Translinks), affiliated to Star TV, opened in the same year.[12] The first Bengali-language satellite television channel based in Bangladesh, ATN Bangla, was launched in 1997, followed by Channel i in 1999.[13] Satellite television saw a tremendous increase in popularity among Bangladeshis at that period, and thus, Bangladesh Television began to stagnate.

As a privately owned terrestrial television network in Bangladesh did not exist at the time, A.S. Mahmud, along with the UK-based Simon Dring, had plans to establish Ekushey Television in the late 1990s.[14] It was officially launched on 14 April 2000, and quickly gained widespread popularity around Bangladesh.[15] However, the channel was forced to cease all transmissions in 2002, shortly after the BNP government took over,[16] leaving BTV the sole Bangladeshi television network to broadcast on terrestrial television today, even though Ekushey Television did resume broadcasting but on satellite television in 2007. During Ekushey Television's closure, Bangladesh saw a significant increase in privately owned television channels.

NTV was the first among them to be launched in 2003, followed by RTV and Boishakhi Television in 2005, and Channel 1 and Banglavision in 2006. However, several television channels were short-lived and were shut down by the government, such as ATV, TEN, Ruposhi Bangla (not to be confused with the unrelated Indian channel of the same name), Sonar Bangla, and Falguni. In 2009, Jamuna Television began test transmissions, and was later shut down by the BTRC for broadcasting after its license had already been expired, though it would later return to the air in 2014.[17]

In 2007, Bangladesh's first exclusively news channel, CSB News, went on the air, but was later shut down after airing footages of anti-government protests.[18] The number of news channels in Bangladesh, however, tremendously rose, with the launch of ATN News and Independent Television, and test broadcasts of Somoy in 2010, and later its official broadcasts in 2011. It was later decided by the Government of Bangladesh in 2009 to rule Bangladesh Television as the only television broadcaster in Bangladesh to legally broadcast on terrestrial television.[19] On 27 April 2010, Channel 1 was shut down by the BTRC due to illegal activity.[20] On 30 July 2011, Maasranga Television, Bangladesh's first high definition television channel, began operations.[21] On 21 June 2012, Ekattor, Bangladesh's first news channel broadcasting in full HD was launched.

On 6 May 2013, Diganta Television and Islamic TV were obliged to cease all transmissions by the BTRC.[22] On 27 June 2013, ULAB established the first student television station in Bangladesh, ULAB TV.[23] On 2 December 2014, Bangladesh's first music-oriented television channel, Channel 16, was accused by the BTRC of illegally broadcasting via an Israeli satellite and even after its license had already been expired, and left unrenewed, and demanded the channel to shut down.[24] [25] The country's first children's television channel, Duronto TV, was launched on 5 October 2017.[26] In May 2019, BEXIMCO launched Akash DTH, Bangladesh's first DTH satellite television provider.[27] [28] On 2 October 2019, all Bangladeshi television channels began broadcasting via the Bangabandhu-1 satellite.[29]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, both BTV and Sangsad Television broadcast live educational lessons for primary and secondary level students.[30] On 9 November 2020, Bangladesh's first sports-oriented television channel, T Sports, began broadcasting.[31] On 30 July 2021, Nexus Television, Bangladesh's first non-fiction infotainment television channel, began operations.[32] Coinciding the Bangladeshi Victory Day on 16 December 2021, business-related Spice Television began test transmissions.[33] The channel later officially began transmissions on 9 June 2022 as Ekhon.[34] On 30 June 2022, Global Television began transmissions.[35] This was followed by Green TV on 19 May 2023[36] and the first Bangladeshi television channel utilizing AI technology Channel S on 12 June 2024.[37] [38]

After the fall of the Hasina government

During the quota reform protests, the headquarters of Bangladesh Television was subject to an arson attack and was vandalized on 18 July 2024, forcing the network to cease transmissions temporarily,[39] [40] although it resumed transmissions the following day.[41] Shortly after the resignation of prime minister Sheikh Hasina on 5 August 2024, several television channels, primarily ones that are news-oriented, were attacked and vandalized, including Ekattor TV, DBC News, Somoy TV, Independent Television, etc.[42] [43] [44] Later on, eight television channels were forced off the air as a result of the attacks, although they have resumed transmissions over time.[45] On 8 August 2024, Dhaka Reporters Unity demanded immediate reinstation of all unjustly closed media outlets in Bangladesh, which included the television channels shut down under the Awami League government, while condemning the attacks on television channels.[46] On the same day, the defunct Diganta Television was allowed to broadcast again and is slated to return to the air soon.[47]

Digital television in Bangladesh

State-owned Bangladesh Television began test transmissions on digital terrestrial television in Dhaka, Chittagong, and Khulna on 25 January 2011.[48] Bangladesh adopted the DVB-T system for digital television broadcasts in 2014.[49] Licence for DVB-S was provided to RealVU on 2014. But, the service took of around 2019, when it was rebranded to Akash DTH. The service currently holds a monopoly on DTH service in Bangladesh.

On 4 November 2021, as a part of the Digital Bangladesh campaign, the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting urged all cable operators to provide set-top boxes. All satellite television channels in Dhaka and Chittagong were announced to be migrated to digital satellite television by 30 November. It was also announced that by 31 December 2021, all divisional and metropolitan cities of Bangladesh, along with Jessore, Gazipur, Narayanganj, Tangail, and Pabna, will switch over to digital satellite television, but this decision was later delayed by the High Court of Bangladesh.[50] [51] [52]

The government later announced that the installation of set-top boxes to stream television channels will be made obligatory in all divisional and metropolitan areas by 1 June 2022.[53] This decision was postponed again by the High Court for three more months on 31 May 2022.[54] [55]

List of television channels

See main article: List of television stations in Bangladesh. The Government of Bangladesh has permitted 45 local privately owned television channels to broadcast as of 2019,[56] of which 36 channels are currently broadcasting. All of the private television channels in Bangladesh broadcast solely on satellite and cable television, and BTV Dhaka, BTV Chittagong, and Sangsad Television are the only three television channels in the entire country that broadcast on terrestrial television.[57] Bangladesh Television broadcasts nationwide terrestrially via its fourteen relay stations.

State-owned Bangladesh Television, the owner of BTV Dhaka and BTV Chittagong, is the oldest television broadcaster in Bangladesh, having to be founded in 1971. For a brief period of time, Ekushey Television was the first and only privately owned terrestrial channel in the country, and was also the first of its kind in South Asia,[14] until its closure in 2002. Bangladesh has four state-owned television channels, which are BTV Dhaka, BTV Chittagong, BTV World, and Sangsad Television, the country's parliamentary television channel. The network announced to establish six more television stations in the future. In total, there are 40 television channels currently on-air in Bangladesh.

State television channels

Private television channels

Bangladesh has a high number of mixed entertainment television channels, namely ATN Bangla, Channel i, Ekushey Television, NTV, RTV, Boishakhi Television, Bangla TV, Banglavision, My TV, Mohona Television, Deepto TV, Nagorik, and many more. It also has several news channels, which are ATN News, Ekattor, Somoy TV, DBC News, Independent Television, Jamuna Television, News24, and Channel 24. Bangladesh has one television channel dedicated to other specific genres, such as Gaan Bangla for music programming, Duronto TV for children's programming, T Sports for sports programming, Nexus Television for non-fiction programming,[58] and Ekhon for business programming.

Several unlicensed television stations, namely Bengali Movie SK TV, Channel 5, Channel 7, DM TV, Movie Bangla TV, Bangla Music TV, SB TV, Ctg TV, Ananda Bangla TV, CTN TV, and Rang TV, have existed in Bangladesh.[7] [59]

Foreign television in Bangladesh

The first presence of foreign television in Bangladesh occurred in 1992 when Bangladesh Television began relaying CNN and BBC broadcasts. Later, satellite television was introduced in the country, with citizens gaining access to foreign television channels for the first time. Prior to that, wealthy families in Bangladesh illegally had access to foreign television via satellite or cable television smuggled from the country's border with India.[60] Foreign television channels, typically the ones from India, such as Star Plus, Star Jalsha, and Zee Bangla,[61] [62] broadcast in clean feed after being obliged to do so since October 2021.[63] The broadcast of Bangladeshi advertisements in foreign television channels is prohibited according to the Cable Television Network (Regulation) Act of 2006.[64] As of December 2020, the Government of Bangladesh has approved 90 foreign channels to broadcast in the country.[65]

However, there were numerous cases of Bangladesh banning foreign television channels. Several of them were accused of having negative effects on Bangladesh's social and religious values, so they were banned by the government in 2002, but their bans have been lifted over time.[66] [67] Later, on 29 July 2006, all satellite and cable television channels went off air in Bangladesh, but all besides thirteen Indian ones resumed broadcasting over time.[68] In 2007, ten satellite television channels, including FashionTV, were banned in Bangladesh after being accused of airing obscene content.[69] In February 2013, fearing the rise of the Hindi language among children in Bangladesh, the government banned the Indian feeds of Disney Channel and Disney XD, along with Turner-owned Pogo, from broadcasting in the country. They were also accused of doing so without authorization.[70] [71] After the July 2016 Dhaka attack, UAE-based Peace TV and Peace TV Bangla were banned by the Government of Bangladesh.[72]

In 2017, Bangladesh's high court rejected a 2014 proposal to ban three Indian channels, which are the aforementioned Star Jalsha, Star Plus, and Zee Bangla.[73] [74] Due to them broadcasting local Bangladeshi commercials, worth 10 billion BDT, the government imposed a blackout on all channels owned by India-based Zee Entertainment Enterprises in Bangladesh on 2 April 2019, although they would later resume broadcasts there a day later.[75] [76] After failing to resolve their dispute with Jadoo Vision Ltd. and for using various excuses to avoid paying their dues, cable operators have temporarily shut Star India channels in November 2020.[77]

On 2 October 2021, cable operators in Bangladesh imposed a blackout on several foreign television channels that did not provide clean feeds, constituted in a 2006 policy. Cable operators have already been informed about foreign channels without clean feeds in August. However, on 5 October 2021, the foreign channels resumed broadcasting in Bangladesh via clean feeds.[78] [79] [80] Later, eleven of them were temporarily blacked out again for sneakingly airing commercials during breaks.[81] In March 2022, due to the ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine, cable operators in Bangladesh blacked out Russian state-owned RT without notice.[82]

Television providers

Provider OwnerBegan operationsSatellite or cable
Akash DTH[83] BEXIMCO2019(RealVU started in 2014)Satellite
Bengal Digital[84] Bengal Communication Limited2016Cable
Jadoo Digital[85] Digi Jadoo2016Cable
United Communication Services[86] 2003Cable

Internet television

The BTRC only allows licensed internet service providers to broadcast television channels over the internet. In October 2016, the BTRC blocked internet protocol television and video on demand services in Bangladesh, which were gaining popularity among urban people, although the ban was lifted two years later in 2018.[87] [88] In 2019, BDCOM Online Ltd launched the first IPTV service in Bangladesh.[89] The RAB raided the headquarters of the IPTV channel Joyjatra Television on 30 July 2021 after the arrest of Helena Jahangir, the channel's owner, and found no valid documents, and demanded for the channel's shutdown.[90] Prior to their shutdown in September 2021, around 59 IPTV channels have been broadcasting illegally in Bangladesh without valid licenses.[91] [92] Later, in November 2021, fourteen IPTV channels gained approval from the government to broadcast.[93]

List of IPTV channels

Channel nameNotesSource(s)
BNvoice TV
Chdnews24 TV
Deshbandhu TV
FlixsrkTV
HerNet TVThe first women's oriented Bangladeshi IPTV channel; launched on 22 July 2019[94]
Jagaran TVLaunched on 13 June 2021[95]
Jagarani TV
JATVBD
Mati Entertainment TV
Movie Bangla TV
News21bangla TV
Rajdhani TV
Ruposhi Bangla TV
Shobuyprime TV

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Bangladesh Television, Local TV. 15 November 2021. Bangladesh.com.
  2. Web site: Beximco Communications Delivers A New World Of TV Entertainment To Bangladesh. 21 September 2021. 16 February 2022. Forbes.
  3. News: Al Jazeera English Channel on Bangladesh's first-ever DTH platform . 29 July 2019. 27 May 2022. Al Jazeera.
  4. News: The Power of Television. May 2011. 4 June 2022. The Daily Star.
  5. News: Bangladesh's ETV resumes telecast as ban ends. 30 March 2007. 15 November 2021. Reuters.
  6. News: Govt revises television licence fees. 1 March 2014. 1 December 2021. Dhaka Tribune.
  7. News: https://samakal.com/todays-print-edition/tp-khobor/article/1602193664/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A7-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF. bn:অবৈধ টিভি চ্যানেলের রমরমা বাণিজ্য. 17 February 2016. 15 February 2022. Samakal. Mehedi. Rashed.
  8. News: Bangladesh Television in the 70s. Shagor. Faridur Reza. 8 November 2014. 26 May 2022. The Daily Star.
  9. Web site: https://www.techtunes.io/setelite-tv/tune-id/598436. bn:বাংলাদেশে টেলিভিশনের অগ্রযাত্রার কথা. 9 November 2021. Techtunes. Al Faruk. Abdullah. 2 June 2019 . bn.
  10. News: M Abdullah. https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/post-editorial/584820/জিয়ার-গণমাধ্যম-নীতি-ও-দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি. bn:জিয়ার গণমাধ্যম নীতি ও দৃষ্টিভঙ্গি. 29 May 2021. 26 July 2024. Daily Naya Diganta. bn.
  11. Web site: Satellite TV Channel. 15 November 2021. Banglapedia: The National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh.
  12. Book: Imagi-Nations and Borderless Television: Media, Culture and Politics Across Asia . 9 February 2024 . 2005 . 978-0-7619-3395-3 . Thomas . Amos Owen . SAGE Publications .
  13. Web site: About Us. 15 November 2021. Channel i.
  14. Move over BTV. 1 June 1999. Himal Southasian. Chowdhury. Afsan. 15 November 2021.
  15. News: Deepita . Novera . 2006 . From BTV to ETV and beyond: The television revolution . The Daily Star.
  16. News: Blow for Bangladesh TV station. Lawson. Alastair. BBC. 2 July 2002. 26 May 2022.
  17. News: https://opinion.bdnews24.com/bangla/archives/6363. bn:নতুন নতুন টিভি চ্যানেল: অদক্ষতা ও অপরিকল্পনার অভিন্ন কোরাস. Haroon. K M. bdnews24.com . opinion . 11 October 2012. 7 January 2022.
  18. News: Bangladesh news channel off air. 6 September 2007. 29 November 2021. BBC News.
  19. News: https://www.bbc.com/bengali/news/story/2009/04/090427_satv. bn:টেরেস্ট্রিয়াল সুবিধা একমাত্র বিটিভির. 27 April 2009. 20 July 2022. BBC Bangla. bn.
  20. News: Channel 1 shut. 28 April 2010. 27 December 2021. The Daily Star.
  21. News: Maasranga Television goes on air . 2 August 2011. 27 May 2022. The Daily Star.
  22. News: 6 May 2013 . Diganta, Islamic TV taken off air . bdnews24.com.
  23. News: First Campus TV launced at ULAB. 21 July 2013. 1 December 2021. The Daily Star.
  24. News: bn:অবৈধভাবে চলছে চ্যানেল সিক্সটিন. https://www.prothomalo.com/amp/story/bangladesh/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8. Hossain. Mosabber. 29 May 2014. 30 December 2021. Prothom Alo. bn.
  25. News: bn:চ্যানেল সিক্সটিনের নজিরবিহীন প্রতারণা. https://samakal.com/bibidh/article/1412104218/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE. Mehedi. Rashed. 10 December 2014. 7 January 2022. Samakal. bn.
  26. News: First children's TV channel 'Duronto' starts its journey. 6 October 2017. 27 December 2021. Dhaka Tribune.
  27. News: Beximco launches DTH service Akash . 17 May 2019. 20 May 2022. The Daily Star.
  28. News: bn:টিভি দেখার নতুন অভিজ্ঞতা . https://www.prothomalo.com/feature/%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE . 15 July 2019. 20 May 2022. Prothom Alo.
  29. News: bn:বঙ্গবন্ধু স্যাটেলাইটে আজ থেকে সব টিভি চ্যানেলের সম্প্রচার . https://www.ekushey-tv.com/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9C-%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0/80652 . 2 October 2019. 26 May 2022. Ekushey Television.
  30. News: BTV, Sangsad TV to air lessons for secondary level students from Sunday. 28 March 2020. 8 November 2021. Dhaka Tribune.
  31. News: bn:খেলা দেখুন টি-স্পোর্টসে . https://www.kalerkantho.com/print-edition/sports/2020/11/17/976469 . 25 May 2022 . . 17 November 2020 . Bengali.
  32. News: bn:যাত্রা শুরু করল নেক্সাস টেলিভিশন. https://www.thedailystar.net/bangla/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8-244851. The Daily Star. 30 July 2021. 28 May 2022. bn.
  33. News: bn:স্পাইস টিভি পরীক্ষামূলক সম্প্রচার শুরু করছে আজ. https://barta24.com/details/national/147197/the-experimental-broadcast-of-spice-tv-is-starting-today. 17 December 2021. 29 May 2022. Barta24. bn.
  34. News: https://www.jagonews24.com/amp/768630. bn:যাত্রা শুরু করলো দেশের প্রথম ব্যবসাকেন্দ্রিক টিভি ‘এখন’. 10 June 2022. 13 June 2022. Jago News 24. bn.
  35. News: https://www.globaltvbd.com/news-details/35689. bn:পূর্ণাঙ্গ সম্প্রচারে গ্লোবাল টেলিভিশন. 30 June 2022. 30 June 2022. GlobalTVBD. bn.
  36. News: https://www.jagonews24.com/mass-media/news/855667. bn:গ্রিন টিভির যাত্রা শুরু. 19 May 2023. 10 August 2024. Jago News 24. bn.
  37. News: https://channels.com.bd/view-news/377db3d5-bcec-456c-a8e6-d351b5e7669a. bn:'চ্যানেল এস' এর শুভ উদ্বোধন আজ. 12 June 2024. 10 August 2024. Channel S Online. bn.
  38. News: https://samakal.com/bangladesh/article/242323/‘চ্যানেল-এস’-এর-যাত্রা-শুরু. bn:'চ্যানেল এস' এর যাত্রা শুরু. 15 June 2024. 10 August 2024. Samakal. bn.
  39. News: Drury. Flora. Ethirajan. Anbarasan. Bangladesh issues high security alert as deadly protests escalate. 18 July 2024. 10 August 2024. BBC.
  40. News: https://www.prothomalo.com/amp/story/bangladesh/capital/hfektkd7um. bn:বিটিভি ভবনে হামলা, ভাঙচুর–অগ্নিসংযোগ, সম্প্রচার বন্ধ. 18 July 2024. 10 August 2024. Prothom Alo.
  41. News: https://mzamin.com/news.php?news=119895. bn:ফের বিটিভি’র সম্প্রচার চালু. 20 July 2024. 10 August 2024. Manab Zamin.
  42. News: https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/uwwevz0x7e. bn:বেসরকারি একাত্তর, সময়সহ ৫ টেলিভিশন স্টেশনে হামলা. 5 August 2024. 10 August 2024. Prothom Alo. bn.
  43. News: https://bangla.bdnews24.com/bangladesh/b0c0ec957098. bn:একাত্তর টিভি ও ডিবিসি কার্যালয়ে হামলা. 5 August 2024. 10 August 2024. BDNews24. bn.
  44. News: https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/Incident-accident/853439/৩-টিভি-চ্যানেলে-হামলা. bn:৩ টিভি চ্যানেলে হামলা. 5 August 2024. 10 August 2024. Daily Naya Diganta. bn.
  45. News: https://bangla.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/83531/একাত্তর-এটিএনসহ-৬-টিভির-সম্প্রচার-বন্ধ. bn:একাত্তর-এটিএনসহ ৬ টিভির সম্প্রচার বন্ধ. 6 August 2024. 10 August 2024. Dhaka Tribune. bn.
  46. News: DRU calls for immediate reopening of unjustly closed media outlets. 8 August 2024. 10 August 2024. Dhaka Tribune.
  47. News: https://bangla.bdnews24.com/মিডিয়া/653b3c6b525f. bn:ক্ষমতার পালাবদলে ফিরছে সেই দিগন্ত টিভি. 8 August 2024. 10 August 2024. BDNews24. bn.
  48. Web site: BTV At a Glance . 9 November 2021. Bangladesh Television.
  49. Web site: Archived copy . 24 September 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303085444/http://www.apt.int/sites/default/files/Upload-files/SATRC/SAPIV/WGSPEC/SAPIV-WGSPEC02-INP-13_DSO.pptx . 3 March 2016 . live .
  50. News: Govt urges dish cable users to install set top box by November 30. 4 November 2021. 22 December 2021. Dhaka Tribune. https://web.archive.org/web/20211222065153/https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2021/11/04/govt-urges-dish-cable-users-to-install-set-top-box-by-november-30. 22 December 2021.
  51. News: Cable operators in dilemma on switch to digital system by Nov 30. Sultana. Marium. 7 November 2021. 22 December 2021. Dhaka Tribune. https://web.archive.org/web/20211126191925/https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2021/11/07/cable-operators-in-dilemma-on-switch-to-digital-system-by-nov-30. 26 November 2021.
  52. News: HC postpones Govt's decision to set up TV set-top box. 22 November 2021. 12 February 2022. The Business Standard.
  53. News: Set-top box for cable TV mandatory from 1 April. 1 February 2022. 12 February 2022. The Business Standard.
  54. News: bn:‘সেট টপ বক্স’ স্থাপনের সিদ্ধান্তে ফের স্থগিতাদেশ. https://bangla.bdnews24.com/glitz/article2069024.bdnews. 31 May 2022. 1 June 2022. BDNews24. bn.
  55. News: HC grants three more months for converting to digital set-top boxes. 31 May 2022. 1 June 2022. The Business Standard.
  56. News: bn:সম্প্রচারের অপেক্ষায় ১১টি টিভি চ্যানেল . https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%9F-%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%A7%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2 . 18 November 2019. 25 May 2022. Prothom Alo.
  57. News: https://www.banglanews24.com/entertainment/news/bd/901582.details. bn:৫৮তম বর্ষে এইচডি সম্প্রচারে বিটিভি. 25 December 2021. 18 July 2022. Banglanews24.com. bn.
  58. News: bn:আনুষ্ঠানিক সম্প্রচারে নেক্সাস টেলিভিশন . Home . 30 July 2021. 27 May 2022. BanglaNews24.
  59. News: Govt trying to track down unauthorised TV channels . 8 August 2015. 3 April 2022. BDNews24.
  60. News: Chowdhury. Parvez. Television in Bangladesh. 1 December 2011. 12 June 2022. The Daily Star.
  61. News: Why 3 Indian channels' telecast won't be stopped: HC . 19 October 2014. 23 May 2022. The Daily Star.
  62. News: 60pc Bangladeshi women watch 'Star Jalsha' . 17 June 2016. 23 May 2022. The Daily Star.
  63. News: Foreign channels with ads are off air in Bangladesh. Who will clean the feed?. Saad. Saimum. 4 October 2021. 12 January 2022.
  64. News: Govt bans local ads on downlinked foreign TV channels . 13 March 2019. 28 May 2022. Daily Bangladesh.
  65. News: https://www.jugantor.com/todays-paper/last-page/370184/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6-%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A7-%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87. bn:আকাশ তরঙ্গ অবৈধ দখলে. 2 December 2020. 9 June 2022. Jugantor. bn.
  66. News: Bangladesh pulls plug on foreign channels. 19 May 2022. 29 November 2021. BBC.
  67. News: Bangladesh lifts TV ban. 20 May 2002. 29 November 2021. BBC.
  68. News: Bangladesh bans 13 Indian channels . 10 August 2006. 26 May 2022. The Times of India.
  69. News: Bangladesh bans 10 foreign TV channels . 25 April 2007. 26 May 2022. Reuters.
  70. News: Bangladesh bans cartoons to halt Hindi invasion. 15 February 2013. 30 November 2021. Hindustan Times.
  71. News: Govt slaps ban on Hindi-dubbed Doraemon telecast . 14 February 2013. 26 May 2022. BDNews24.
  72. News: Bangladesh to ban Islamic TV channel, Peace TV. 11 July 2016. 29 November 2021. BBC.
  73. News: No restrictions on telecast of Indian TV channels in Bangladesh. 29 January 2017. 28 May 2022. BDNews24.
  74. News: Writ seeking ban on Indian 3 TV channels rejected. 29 January 2017. 28 May 2022. JagoNews24.
  75. News: bn:'জি’ নেটওয়ার্কের সব চ্যানেল বাংলাদেশে বন্ধ . https://www.jugantor.com/national/162382/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%93%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7 . 2 April 2019. 20 May 2022. Jugantor.
  76. News: ZEE TV channels back on air after 24-hour blackout in Bangladesh . 3 April 2019. 20 May 2022. BDNews24.com.
  77. News: Bangladesh cable operators take Star Group channels off air . 5 November 2020. 28 May 2022. BDNews24.
  78. News: Dozens of foreign television stations in Bangladesh go black. Kamruzzaman. Md.. 2 October 2021. 15 November 2021. Anadolu Agency.
  79. News: Everything you wanted to know about clean feed but were afraid to ask. 4 October 2021. 1 December 2021. Dhaka Tribune.
  80. News: Bangladesh resumes broadcast of 24 foreign TV channels. 5 October 2021. 30 November 2021. The Financial Express.
  81. News: https://sangbad.net.bd/news/national/46746/. bn:শুরু হয়ে আবার বন্ধ ১১ বিদেশী চ্যানেলের সম্প্রচার. 6 October 2021. 15 July 2022. The Sangbad. bn.
  82. News: Abdullah. Mamun. https://bangla.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2022/03/10/1646916008214. bn:হঠাৎই বাংলাদেশে রুশ চ্যানেল আরটি’র সম্প্রচার বন্ধ. 10 March 2022. 2 July 2022. Dhaka Tribune. bn.
  83. News: Beximco launches DTH service Akash. 17 May 2019. 16 February 2022. The Daily Star.
  84. News: bn:'বেঙ্গল ডিজিটাল সেট টপ বক্সে'র যাত্রা শুরু. https://www.prothomalo.com/education/science-tech/%E2%80%98%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AA-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E2%80%99%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81. 19 January 2016. 16 February 2022. Prothom Alo.
  85. News: bn:২৫০টিরও বেশি চ্যানেল নিয়ে আসছে 'জাদু ডিজিটাল'. https://www.prothomalo.com/business/%E0%A7%A8%E0%A7%AB%E0%A7%A6%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%93-%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E2%80%98%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E2%80%99. 14 March 2016. 16 February 2022. Prothom Alo.
  86. Web site: About . 27 February 2022. United Communication Services.
  87. News: IPTV services to be blocked . 10 October 2016. 23 May 2022. The Daily Star.
  88. News: IPTV, video on demand available again . 14 December 2018. 23 May 2022. The Daily Star.
  89. News: First IPTV launches. 17 April 2019. 24 December 2021. The Daily Star.
  90. News: RAB: No valid documents for Helena Jahangir's Joyjatra IP TV office. 30 July 2021. 24 December 2021. Dhaka Tribune.
  91. News: BTRC shuts 59 unregistered, illegal IPTVs. 19 September 2021. 24 December 2021. Dhaka Tribune.
  92. News: 59 unlicensed IPTV channels shut down. 20 September 2021. 24 December 2021. The Daily Star.
  93. News: 14 IPTV channels get conditional approval . 8 November 2021. 23 May 2022. The Daily Star.
  94. News: bn:নারী বিষয়ক অনলাইন টিভি 'হারনেট'-এর যাত্রা. https://www.samakal.com/entertainment/article/19072000/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9F-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81. 23 July 2019. 29 May 2022. Samakal. bn.
  95. News: bn:জাগরণ আইপি টিভির যাত্রা. https://www.dhakatimes24.com/2021/06/15/218145/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE. 15 June 2021. 29 May 2022. DhakaTimes24. bn.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Television in Bangladesh".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.