Teide Observatory Explained

Teide Observatory (Spanish; Castilian: '''Observatorio del Teide'''), IAU code 954, is an astronomical observatory on Mount Teide at 2390m (7,840feet), located on Tenerife, Spain. It has been operated by the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias since its inauguration in 1964. It became one of the first major international observatories, attracting telescopes from different countries around the world because of the good astronomical seeing conditions. Later, the emphasis for optical telescopes shifted more towards Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on La Palma.

Telescopes

Solar telescopes

• Solar Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT): 70 cm diameter. Operated by the Kiepenheuer Institute of Solar Physics, Freiburg (Germany). Installed in 1989.
• Télescope Heliographique pour l'Etude du Magnétisme et des Instabilités Solaries (THEMIS) Solar Telescope: 90 cm diameter, built 1996, operated by France and Italy.^{[1] [2]}
• GREGOR Solar Telescope

1.5 m, operated by a German consortium. In operation since May 2012.^[3]

• A node of the Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network (BiSON), operated by the University of Birmingham, UK.
• One of six sites of the GONG network operated by the NSO Integrated Synoptic Program (NISP), United States.

Nocturnal telescopes

• Carlos Sánchez Infrared Telescope (TCS): 152 cm diameter installed by the UK in 1971
• Mons reflecting telescope: 50 cm diameter, operated by the University of Mons (Belgium), built in 1972.^[4]
• IAC-80 Telescope: 80 cm IAC telescope, installed in 1991.
• OGS Telescope: 1 m European Space Agency optical ground station for satellite communications, built in 1998.
• STARE Telescope: 10 cm Stellar Astrophysics & Research on Exoplanets. Used by the Trans-Atlantic Exoplanet Survey.
• Bradford Robotic Telescope: 35 cm Telescope for educational use.
• STELLA Telescopes (STELLA I and STELLA II) robotic telescopes: 120 cm STELLA is an abbreviation of STELLar Activity, operated by Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics (AIP) with the collaboration of the IAC, put in operation 2006.
• SLOOH: US robotic telescopes, built in 2004.
• SPECULOOS Northern Observatory (SNO): 1-meter telescopes, one telescope (Artemis) completed in June 2019
• PIRATE: (Physics Innovations Robotic Astronomical Telescope Explorer) used remotely by the open university for masters in astronomy
• COAST: (COmpletely Autonomous Survey Telescope) used remotely by the open university as part of a free course called “astronomy with an online telescope”
• Two-meter Twin Telescope (TTT): robotic telescopes of 80cm TTT1 y TTT2 and 2 meters TTT3 y TTT4. TTT is a project of Light Bridges in collaboration with IAC.(Spain). 2022.

Radio telescopes for cosmic microwave background astronomy

• The 33 GHz interferometer
• The COSMOSOMAS Experiment (10 and 15 GHz)
• The Very Small Array (VSA: 14-element interferometer at 30 GHz)
• QUIJOTE CMB Experiment
• GroundBIRD

Other buildings on the site

The observatory has a visitors' centre and a residencia (hostel) for astronomers. Brian May helped construct a building there to study interplanetary dust.

List of discovered minor planets

The Minor Planet Center credits the discovery of several minor planets directly to the observatory.

important;
	18 March 1998
	3 March 1998
	6 March 1998

important;
	3 April 1998
	9 March 1998
	12 August 2002

Discovery of the first brown dwarf star

In 1995, Rafael Rebolo López, María Rosa Zapatero-Osorio and Eduardo L. Martín published their discovery of Teide-1, which they found through optical observations using the 0.8 meter telescope at Teide Observatory.^[5]

Climate

The position where the observatory is situated has a mediterranean climate (Köppen Csb), with average temperature features reminiscent of southern England. This renders in warm summers that averages around 23C with light frosts being possible and sometimes happening in winter. Extremes are moderated by its marine features, which combined with the altitude keeps temperatures below 30C even during heat waves, and in spite of the altitude the marine features are strong enough to prevent severe frosts. Sunshine levels, as typical of the nearby lowland arid climates, are high throughout the year. Many alpine areas at further distance from the equator are above the tree line at this elevation, but Teide is far above even any subarctic temperatures due to its position on the 28th parallel north.

Astroclimate and seeing

The useful observing time is given as 78% and the median FWHM seeing from DIMM measurements is given as 0.76" and 0.70" at two sites near the Carlos Sánchez Telescope.^[6]

See also

• Astronomical seeing
• Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory
• European Extremely Large Telescope
• Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
• La Silla Observatory
• Llano de Chajnantor Observatory
  • Mount Teide
• Paranal Observatory
• Pico Viejo
• Roque de los Muchachos Observatory
• Teide National Park
• Very Large Telescope

References

• 10.1007/BFb0022394 . The European observatory at the Canary Islands . 1985 . Rayrole . J. . 233 . 32–50. Muller. R.. High Resolution in Solar Physics. Lecture Notes in Physics. 1985LNP...233...32R . 3-540-15678-X .

External links

• Observatorio del Teide website
• Discover the Teide Observatory at worldflicks.org

Notes and References

1. http://www.themis.iac.es/ THEMIS Website
2. https://doi.org/10.1016/0083-6656(85)90077-7 THEMIS Instrument Paper
3. http://www.kis.uni-freiburg.de/index.php?id=163&L=1 GREGOR Website at KIS, Freiburg
4. Construction of a small spectrograph for stellar spectroscopy and its use on some brighter stars . 1993JBAA..103...11A . David Airey . Journal of the British Astronomical Association . 1993 . 103 . 11–18.
5. Web site: 25th anniversary of the discovery of the first brown dwarf .
6. Vernin. J. . etal . 2002. Site-testing Results at the Teide Observatory. ASPC. 266. 454. 2002ASPC..266..454V .