Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art explained

Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art
Native Name:	موزه هنرهای معاصر تهران
Native Name Lang:	fa
Map Type:	Iran Tehran
Map Relief:	1
Map Dot Label:	Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art
Location:	Laleh Park Tehran Iran
Type:	Art museum
Director:	Ebad Reza Eslami
Curator:	David Galloway, Kamran Diba
Architect:	Kamran Diba, Nader Ardalan^[1]
Embedded:	Wikidata: yes Zoom: 16 Marker: museum

Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art, (Persian: موزه هنرهای معاصر تهران), also known as TMoCA, is among the largest art museums in Tehran and Iran. It has collections of more than 3,000 items that include 19th and 20th century's world-class European and American paintings, prints, drawings and sculptures. TMoCA also has one of the greatest collections of Iranian modern and contemporary art.

The museum was inaugurated by Empress Farah Pahlavi (Persian: فرح پهلوی), née Farah Diba (دیبا), in 1977, just two years before the 1979 Revolution.^{[2] [3]} TMoCA is considered to have the most valuable collections of modern Western masterpieces outside Europe and North America.^[4]

Background

According to Farah Pahlavi, the former Empress of Iran, the idea for this museum happened when she was in conversation with artist Iran Darroudi during a gallery opening in the 1970s and Darroudi mentioned she wished there was a place to show work more permanently. The Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art museum was supposed to be a place to show contemporary and modern Iranian artist alongside other international artists doing similar work.

The museum was designed by Iranian architect and cousin of the queen, Kamran Diba, who employed elements from traditional Persian architecture of Yazd, Kashan and other desert towns.^[5] Diba collaborated with architect Nader Ardalan during the design phase. It was built adjacent to Farah Park, renamed Laleh Park after the Islamic revolution, and was inaugurated in 1977.^[6] The building itself can be regarded as an example of contemporary art, in a style of an underground New York Guggenheim Museum. Most of the museum area is located underground with a circular walkway that spirals downwards with galleries branching outwards.^[7] Western sculptures by artists such as Ernst, Giacometti, Magritte and Moore can be found in the museum's gardens.^[8]

The selection of the art was done under Farah Pahlavi and the budget was from the National Iranian Oil Company. Pahlavi personally met many of the artists whose work was part of the museum collection, including the Western artists Marc Chagall, Salvador Dalí, Henry Moore, Paul Jenkins, Arnaldo Pomodoro. Some people involved in the process of selecting art were the Americans, Donna Stein and David Galloway, and Kamran Diba, the architect and director of the museum, and Karimpasha Bahadori, who was the Chief of Staff of the cabinet.^[9]

After the Iranian Revolution in 1979, the Western art was stored away in the museum's vault until 1999 when the first post-revolution exhibition was held of western art showing artists such as David Hockney, Roy Lichtenstein, Robert Rauschenberg and Andy Warhol.^[7] Now pieces of the Western art collection are shown for a few weeks every year but due to the current conservative nature of the Iranian establishment, most pieces will never be shown.^[7]

It is considered to have the most valuable collection of Western modern art outside Europe and the United States, a collection largely assembled by founding curators David Galloway and Donna Stein under the patronage of Farah Pahlavi.^[10] It is said that there is approximately £2.5 billion worth of modern art held at the museum.^[11] The museum hosts a revolving program of exhibitions and occasionally organizes exhibitions by local artists.

Collection curator Donna Stein later wrote a memoir, The Empress and I: How an Ancient Empire Collected, Rejected and Rediscovered Modern Art (2021), because she felt she was not properly credited for her role in curating this collection.

Politics

In 1977, the Empress of Iran, Farah Pahlavi, purchased expensive Western artwork, in order to open this contemporary art museum. This museum was a controversial act, because the country's social and economic inequalities were rising and the government at the time was acting as a dictatorship and not tolerating the rising opponents, a few years later the Iranian Revolution took place. A few art pieces did not survive the revolution including a public statue by Bahman Mohasses deemed un-Islamic and a 1977 Warhol painting, a portrait of Farah Pahlavi.^[12]

Le Monde art critic André Fermigier wrote an article in 1977 called "A museum for whom and for what?", "questioning the link between an Iranian child and a Picasso or a Pollock".^[13] And Farah Pahlavi responded to this criticism, noting that Iranians can understand modern art, not all Iranians were living in remote villages, and this issue with modern art was not unlike one that had existed in France.

A touring exhibition was planned for autumn 2016 in Berlin, (Germany), consisting of a three-month tour of sixty artworks, half Western and half Iranian. The show was to run for three months in Berlin, then travel to the Maxxi Museum of 21st Century Arts in Rome for display from March through August.^[14] However, the plan had to be postponed because the Iranian authorities had failed to allow the paintings to leave the country, also noting that, since the revolution, these paintings had not been shown in Iran.^[15] Finally, on 27 Dec 2016, a press release by Hermann Parzinger, the President of the organising committee, Berlin's Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation (in German : Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz Berlin), cancelled the exhibition altogether.^{[16] [17]}

In 2017 the TMoCA unexpectedly staged a show in Tehran which included the very works which were selected to travel to Europe: Berlin-Rome Travellers, Selected Works of the Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art.^[18] It can be considered kind of an acte de résistance on the part of the museum director at the time, since, with the advent of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, elected president of Iran in 2005, a harsh conservative wind has, to this day, blown away the relative openness and pragmatism of the Rafsanjani and Khatami eras.

Permanent collection

This is a list of artists featured in the permanent collection at Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art.

• Ansel Easton Adams : Canyon de Chelly ^[19]
• Yaacov Agam : more than 10 oil and acrylic works ^[20]
• Aydin Aghdashloo :^{[21] [22]} Identity: in praise of Sandro Botticelli and other works
• Arman : Vagues après vagues ^[23]
• John Baldessari : several conceptual photographic works ^[24]
• Francis Bacon: a triptych, Two Figures Lying on a Bed With Attendants, 1968 ^,,[25] and Reclining man with sculpture, 1961 ^[26]
• Giacomo Balla : Futurist drawing, Figure in Movement, 1913
• Bernd and Hilla Becher : several photographic works
• Max Beckmann :
• Max Bill : Rhythmus im Raum (Multiplied by Space), red granite, 1947-1948 ^{[27] [28] [29]}
• Georges Braque : painting Guitare, Fruits et Pichet, 1927, and bronze sculpture Hymen, 1939-1957 ^[30]
• Alexander Calder : "The Orange Fish” mobile (aka “Ogunquit"), 1946,^[31] and Prickly Pear stabile, 1964 ^[32]
• Mary Cassatt : drypoint and aquatint print, Peasant Mother and Child, 1895 ^{[33] [34]}
• Marc Chagall : Family With Cock
• Eduardo Chillida : Estela a Pablo Neruda (Homage to Pablo Neruda), 1974
• Christo and Jeanne-Claude : Scale model of "Wrapped Reichstag", 1977
• Edgar Degas : a version of his Dancers
• Willem de Kooning : Light in August, 1946 ^[35]
  • Note : Woman III, 1953, was de-accessioned and traded in 1994 for a rare 16th century Persian manuscript of the Tahmasbi Shahnameh, the Book of Kings, containing precious miniatures ^[36]
• Robert Delaunay : lithograph from the Windows series, related to the painting La Fenêtre, 1912 (Musée de Grenoble) ^[37]
• André Derain: Fauvist painting L'Âge d'or (Golden Age), 1905 ^[38]
• Jim Dine :
• Jean Dubuffet : unknown title
• Marcel Duchamp : study (1911–13) for The Large Glass, 1915 ^{[39] [40]}
• André Dunoyer de Segonzac :
• Don Eddy : Bumper Section XIII, 1970
• James Ensor : Mariage des Masques, 1926
• Max Ernst: Capricorn, 1944 ^[41] and Histoire Naturelle, 1923
• Seyed Mohammad Ehsai :^[42] Calligraphy Painting Toranj? ^[43]
• Parvaneh Etemadi:^[44] Vases, 1977
• Dan Flavin : Untitled, 1967 ^[45]
• William Henry Fox Talbot : photogenic drawing^[46] of a Single Fern, photographic negative print on salted paper, 1836-37^[47]
• Mansour Ghandriz :^[48] Untitled, 1963
• Paul Gauguin : Nature Morte à l’estampe japonaise (Still Life with Head-Shaped Vase and Japanese Woodcut), 1889 ^[49]
• Alberto Giacometti : 1 painting, Portrait of Isaku Yanaihara, 1960 ^[50] and 4 bronze sculptures a.o. Standing Woman I, 1960,^[51] La Cage, 1965-66 ^[52] and Walking Man I, 1956-60 ^[53]
• Gilbert & George : Mental 6, 1976
• Adolph Gottlieb : Black & Black ^[54]
• Marcos Grigorian :^[55] unknown title
• George Grosz : The Unexpected Guest ^[56]
• Javad Hamidi :^[57] Composition ^[58]
• Richard Hamilton :
• Duane Hanson : Boxers aka In Honor of Muhammad Ali, 1970 ^{[59] [60]}
• Noriyuki Haraguchi : Matter and Mind aka Oil Pool
• David Hockney : Untitled
• Edward Hopper :
• Mehdi Hosseini :^[61] Untitled, 1976
• John Hoyland :
• Jasper Johns : Pinion and Passage 2, 1966
• Douglas James Johnson : The Shield of Achilles, 1975 ^[62]
• Donald Judd : Stacks
• Wassily Kandinsky : Tensions Claires, 1937
• Abbas Kiarostami:^[63]
• Franz Kline : Untitled, 1955 ^[64]
• František Kupka :
• Farideh Lashai :^[65] Composition, 1997
• Fernand Léger : Paysage (Landscape), 1913 ^[66]
• Sol LeWitt : Open Cube ^[67]
• Roy Lichtenstein : The Melody Haunts My Reverie, 1965,^[68] Roto Broil, 1961, Brattata, 1962, ^[69] and others ^[70]
• Morris Louis : No.34, 1961
• René Magritte : Le Thérapeute aka The Healer (bronze sculpture), 1967 ^{[71] ,}
• Marino Marini : Horse and Rider (bronze sculpture) ^[72]
• Leyly Matine-Daftary :^[73] Portrait of Nasrin, 1966
• Joan Miró : unknown title
• Amedeo Modigliani : Untitled ^[74]
• Ahmad Mohammadpour :^[75] Calligraphy Painting
• Bahman Mohasses :^{[76] [77]} Tryst, 1964 ^[78] and Untitled, 1975
• Claude Monet : Vue de Giverny, 1886
• Henry Moore: bronze sculptures Two–Pieces Reclining Figure, 1969-70 ^[79] Three–Pieces Reclining Figure, 1968-69 ^[80] and Working Model for Oval with Points, 1968-69 ^[81]
• Giorgio Morandi :
• Noreen Motamed :
• Edvard Munch : Self-portrait, 1895
• Jules Pascin :
• Peter Phillips :
• Pablo Picasso: Baboon and Young (bronze sculpture), Secrets (Confidences) or Inspiration (tapestry) and several paintings a.o. : The Painter and His Model, 1927 and Fenêtre ouverte sur la rue de Penthièvre, 1920 ^[82]
• Faramarz Pilaram :^[83] Calligraphic Painting, 1975
• Camille Pissarro : Houses at Knokke, 1894 ^[84]
• Michelangelo Pistoletto : Green Curtain, 1967
• Jackson Pollock : Mural on Indian Red Ground, 1950 ^[85]
• Arnaldo Pomodoro : Rotante primo sezionale n. 3 (bronze sculpture), 1967-1975 ^[86]
• Maurice Prendergast :
• Robert Rauschenberg : Narcissus Convoy, 1977
• Man Ray : The Last Object, 1932-42 (Dada sculpture)
• Ad Reinhardt : Abstract Painting, 1962
• Pierre-Auguste Renoir : Gabrielle with Open Blouse, 1907 ^[87]
• Shokouh Riazi :^[88] Portrait of Dariush Eskandani ^[89]
• Jean-Paul Riopelle : Baubess 11
• Diego Rivera :
• Henry Peach Robinson : Landing the Catch
• Mark Rothko : No. 2 (Yellow Center), 1954 , Sienna, Orange & Black on Dark Brown, 1962, and another painting similar to the latter
• James Rosenquist :
• Georges Rouault :
• Sterling Ruby :
• Edward Ruscha : Fruits
• Ali Akbar Sadeghi :^[90] Myth & Math, Piano War, 2011 and Unwritten ^[91]
• Behjat Sadr :^[92] Untitled, 1967
• Abolghasem Saidi :^[93] Untitled, 1972
• Sohrab Sepehri :^[94] Trees ^[95]
• Jesus Rafael Soto : Canada
• Robert Smithson : Rock Salt & Mirror ^[96]
• Pierre Soulages : unknown title
• Frank Stella : Sinjerli Variations No 1-5, 1977 ^[97]
• Parviz Tanavoli :^[98] bronze sculptures Sanctified 1, 1976,^[99] Poet and the Lion Bone, 1969,^[100] another sculpture & Shirin and Farhad ^[101]
• Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec : Girl with Lovelock (in French : Fille à l'Accroche-Cœur) ^[102]
• William Turnbull :
• Cy Twombly : Untitled, 1963
• Suzanne Valadon : Untitled (pastel), 1909 ^[103]
• Louis Valtat :
• Kees van Dongen : Trinidad Fernandez, 1907 ^[104]
• Vincent van Gogh : lithograph of Worn Out : At Eternity's Gate, 1882,^[105] formerly in the Nelson Rockefeller Collection ^{[106] [107]}
• Victor Vasarely :
• Mohsen Vaziri-Moghaddam :^[108] Scratches on the Earth, 1963
• Édouard Vuillard : Entrance to the city, 1903 ^[109]
• Andy Warhol : Suicide (Purple Jumping Man), 1965,^[110] The American Indian, 1976, versions of Campbell's Soup Cans, 1968, and several portraits of Mick Jagger, 1975, Marilyn Monroe, 1967, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1966 and 10 versions of Mao Zedong, 1972.^{[111] [112]}
• Tom Wesselmann : Great American Nude
• James McNeill Whistler :
• Fritz Winter :
• Manouchehr Yektai :^[113] Still Life, 1971-72
• Hossein Zenderoudi :^[114] Untitled, 1972
• Jalil Ziapour :^[115] Autumn Leaf or Zeynap Khatoun, 1962 ^[116]

Temporary Exhibitions

• List of exhibitions from 1977 to 2011 (in French) ^[117]
• A Manifestation of World Contemporary Art, 7 June 7 — 11 November 2010.^[118]
• Pop Art & Op Art exhibition, 2012.
• Rainbow, a retrospective exhibition of Otto Piene in collaboration with the Nationalgalerie Berlin, 24 Feb 2015 — 25 May 2015.^{[119] [120]}
• Farideh Lashai - Towards the Ineffable, 21 Nov 2015 — 26 Feb 2016, co-curated by Iran’s Faryar Javaherian and Italy’s Germano Celant.^{[121] [122] [123]}
• Wim Delvoye at the Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art, 07 Mar 2016 — 13 May 2016.^[124]
• The Sea Suspended: Arab Modernism from the Barjeel Collection, 08 Nov 2016 — 23 Dec 2016, Barjeel Art Foundation.^[125]
• Berlin-Rome Travellers, Selected Works of the Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art, 07 Mar 2017 — 16 June 2017.
• Tony Cragg: Roots & Stones, 24 Oct 2017 — 12 Jan 2018.^[126]
• Portrait, Still Life, Landscape, 21 Feb — 20 April 2018, curated by Dutch architect Mattijs Visser.^[127]

See also

• International rankings of Iran
• Safir Office Machines Museum
• Modern and contemporary art in Iran

Further reading

• Maryam Ekhtiar, Marika Sardar : Modern and Contemporary Art in Iran | Essay | The Metropolitan Museum of Art | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History (metmuseum.org), October 2004
• Kambiz Navai : An Architectural Analysis: The Museum of Contemporary Art, Tehran, Iran, Archnet-IJAR (International Journal of Architectural Research), Volume 4 - Issue 1 - March 2010, pp. 194–207.
• Günther Uecker. Huldigung an Hafez. Homage to Hafez - Bemühungen von/With the efforts of Günther Uecker und/and Ehsan Aghaei, exhibition catalogue, Kunstverlag Till Breckner & Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art, Düsseldorf, 186 p., ISBN 978-3-9394-522-87, 2016 (in German, English, Farsi)
• Mehdi Hasani : A Review of Foreign Works in TMOCA, Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art, 2017.^[128]
• Viola Raikhel-Bolot, Miranda Darling : Iran Modern: The Empress of Art, published by Assouline, 200 p., ISBN 9781614286349, 2018.^[129]
• Donna Stein : The Empress and I: How an Ancient Empire Collected, Rejected and Rediscovered Modern Art, Skira, 280 p., ISBN 9788857244341, 2021.^[130]
• Hamid Dabashi : What is our art doing in their capitals? | Arts and Culture | Al Jazeera, 2021.

Documentary film

• ARD Iran-Correspondent Natalie Amiri : Der verborgene Schatz. Die legendäre Kunstsammlung des Iran (The Hidden Treasure. The Legendary Art Collection of Iran) | Arte, 2017, 55 min. (in German) ^[131]

Interviews

• Shahbanu Farah Pahlavi: the Empress of Iran talks about the legendary collection of modern and contemporary art assembled in the 1970s - Judith Benhamou-Huet Reports, 2019
• How Her Imperial Majesty Queen Farah Pahlavi Built an Art Empire - Vogue Arabia, 2020
• Donna Stein - Podcasts & Video on The Empress and I (donnasteiniran.com)

External links

• Kamran Diba, Artist and Architect
• Iran, Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art photos from the Berlin-Rome Travellers exhibition, April, 2017 | Flickr Album by Sun.Ergos
• Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art - Contemporary Architecture of Iran (caoi.ir)
• TMoCA | Darz, database on Iranian art
• Photography Exhibition Gives Berliners a Rare Look at Tehran’s Legendary Modern Art Collection (artnet.com)
• Shahbanu Farah Pahlavi: the Empress of Iran talks about the legendary collection of modern and contemporary art assembled in the 1970s - Judith Benhamou-Huet Reports (judithbenhamouhuet.com)

Notes and References

1. Dixon . John Morris . May 1978 . Cultural transplant . Progressive Architecture . Stamford, Connecticut . Reinhold Publishing Company, Inc. . Constructed to designs drawn up ten years ago by Kamran Diba, in association with Nader Ardalan—both young Iranian graduates of U.S. architectural schools—the building looks less dated than one might expect..
2. http://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/art/exhibitions/tehran-museum-of-contemporary-art-the-crown-jewel Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art: The Crown Jewel
3. Web site: Wild nights at the museum: Tehran in the late 70s – DW – 02/17/2017 . 2024-03-24 . dw.com . en.
4. https://www.bloomberg.com/features/2015-tehran-museum-of-contemporary-art/ Iran Has Been Hiding One of the World’s Great Collections of Modern Art
5. Web site: saharchitects . 2019-05-27 . Iconic Architecture: The Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art . 2024-03-24 . Saharchitects . en-US.
6. Book: Arts and Aesthetics in a Globalizing World . Bloomsbury Publishing . Kaur, Raminder . Dave-Mukherji, Parul . 2015 . 304 . 9780857855473.
7. News: The Greatest Museum Never Known . Bloomberg Businessweek . 23 November 2015 . Waldman, Peter . Motevalli, Golnar . 50–55.
8. Web site: Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art . Contemporary Art of Iran.
9. News: Sciolino. Elaine. 2021-03-29. Hired by the Empress of Art at Tehran's Hidden Museum. en-US. The New York Times. 2021-04-07. 0362-4331.
10. http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-museum19sep19,1,5465097.story?page=1&cset=true&ctrack=2&coll=la-headlines-world Iran Keeps Picassos in basement
11. Web site: The art no one sees: Tehran's basement masterpieces. TheGuardian.com. 29 October 2007.
12. Web site: Former queen of Iran on assembling Tehran's art collection. Dehghan. Saeed Kamali. 2012-08-01. the Guardian. en. 2018-06-16.
13. News: Seeing Warhol in Tehran? The Saga of Iran's Modern Art Museum. Vassigh. Alidad. 2017-03-26.
14. News: Berlin Cancels Rare Show of Modern Art from Tehran Museum. Nayeri. Farah. 28 December 2016. The New York Times. 2017-03-26. 0362-4331.
15. News: Iran pulls the plug on Tehran art exhibition in Berlin. Dehghan. Kate Connolly Saeed Kamali. 25 November 2016. The Guardian. 2017-03-26. en-GB. 0261-3077.
16. News: Ayed . Nahlah . Jenzer . Stephanie . 2017-03-07 . The art of diplomacy: Getting Warhol and Picasso out of Tehran - First major show abroad featuring pieces from exceptional collection kept in museum vault cancelled . 2018-06-16 . CBC News . en-US.
17. Web site: Welz . Andrea . 2016-12-29 . Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art . 2024-03-28 . Kunst und Reisen . de-DE.
18. Web site: Andrea . Welz . 2017-03-28 . TMOCA Berlin-Rome Travelers . 2024-03-28 . Kunst und Reisen . de-DE.
19. Web site: 2016-07-26 . Iran Undecided About Exhibition Of Its World-Class Artworks In Europe - Iran Front Page . 2024-04-22 . ifpnews.com . en-US.
20. Web site: Union . Ajax . Exclusive: Secret Iranian Art Collection Features Work from Iconic Israeli Artist Yaacov Agam . Algemeiner.com . 5 August 2012 . 2015-10-06.
21. http://www.grafjo.ir/gonagon/295.html ارزش 2.5میلیارد دلاری گنجینه خارجی موزه هنرهای معاصرتهران+عکس
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24. Web site: Conceptual Photography - Group exhibition at TMoCA Feb 2021 Darz . 2024-03-28 . darz.art . en.
25. https://www.flickr.com/photos/sunergos/34790942506/in/album-72157681026755824/ Left panel
26. https://ifpnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Francis-Bacon-Reclining-man-with-sculpture.jpg Francis-Bacon-Reclining-man-with-sculpture.jpg
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29. Web site: 2018-06-04 . Max Bill: Rhythmus im Raum KUNST@SH Schleswig-Holstein & Hamburg . 2024-03-29 . de-DE.
30. Web site: BROWN . Roland Elliott . 2 March 2017 . Curating the Forgotten Gallery . iranwire.
31. Web site: Ogunquit (1946) . 2024-03-28 . Calder Foundation . en.
32. Web site: Prickly Pear (1964) . 2024-03-28 . Calder Foundation . en.
33. Web site: Scheiwiller . Staci Gem . Press room > Women: A Cultural Review . 2024-04-22 . DONNA STEIN . en.
34. Web site: Podcasts & Video > Art Table Virtual. A conversation between author Donna Stein Korn and art advisor Dorothy Goldeen about "The Empress and I: How an Ancient Empire Collected, Rejected, and Rediscovered Modern Art". . 2024-04-23 . www.donnasteiniran.com . en.
35. Web site: Light in August, Willem de Kooning by Roberto Morgenthaler . 2024-03-29 . Fine Art America . en.
36. Web site: Melikian . Souren . 4 June 2005 . Rare heirlooms of Iranian history . The New York Times.
37. Web site: Musée de Grenoble - La Fenêtre, 1912 . 2024-04-23 . www.navigart.fr.
38. Book: Suzanne Pagé . André Derain : le peintre du "trouble moderne" . Paris Musées . 1994 . 978-2-87900-176-0 . Paris . fr . André Derain : The painter of the "Modern Trouble" . exhibition catalogue : Musée d'art moderne de la Ville de Paris, 18 Nov 1994 - 19 March 1995.
39. Web site: Huet . Judith Benhamou . 2018-07-05 . Tehran: how to keep hope alive through art. Journey to the land of the mullahs where there’s a very active art scene . 2024-03-29 . Judith Benhamou-Huet Reports . en-GB.
40. Web site: Shahgholi . Hazel . 2021-04-04 . Donna Stein: The American curator who assembled a treasure trove of international art now gathering dust in Tehran amNewYork . 2024-04-22 . www.amny.com . en-US.
41. http://www.tmoca.com/section14/page12.aspx?lang=Fa Max Ernst, Capricorn
42. Web site: Mohammad Ehsai Darz . 2024-03-29 . darz.art.
43. Web site: Rene Wanner's Poster Page / The 5th Annual International Typography Poster as Asma-ul Husna . 2024-03-29 . www.posterpage.ch.
44. Web site: Parvaneh Etemadi Darz . 2024-03-28 . darz.art.
45. Web site: Minimalism and Conceptual Art - Group exhibition at TMoCA Jun 2022 Darz . 2024-03-28 . darz.art . en.
46. Web site: Talbot's Processes - Photographic Processes Series - Chapter 3 of 12 . 2024-04-23 . www.youtube.com.
47. Photogenic drawing of a Single Fern, page from the Album di disegni fotogenici (1839-1840) by William Henry Fox Talbot British & (likely) Sebastiano Tassinari (metmuseum.org)
48. Web site: Mansour Ghandriz Darz . 2024-03-29 . darz.art.
49. Web site: Paul Gauguin . 2015-10-06.
50. https://ifpnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Isaku-Yanaihara.jpg Isaku-Yanaihara.jpg
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52. Web site: Giacometti . Fondation . Fondation Giacometti - La Cage . 2024-04-22 . www.fondation-giacometti.fr . fr.
53. http://www.tmoca.com/section14/page14.aspx?lang=Fa Alberto Giacometti, Walking Man 1
54. Web site: Black and Black, Adolf Gottlieb by Roberto Morgenthaler . 2024-03-29 . Pixels . en.
55. Web site: Marcos Grigorian Darz . 2024-03-29 . darz.art.
56. https://ifpnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/George-Grosz-The-unexpected-guest.jpg George-Grosz-The-unexpected-guest.jpg
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58. Web site: Artworks Javad Hamidi Artists . 2024-03-29 . ArtChart . en.
59. Web site: Why the former empress of Iran collected Western art – DW – 01/13/2017 . 2024-03-24 . dw.com . en.
60. Web site: Hyperrealism: From Image to Reality - Group exhibition at TMoCA May 2023 Darz . 2024-03-28 . darz.art . en.
61. Web site: Mehdi Hosseini Darz . 2024-03-28 . darz.art.
62. https://ifpnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Douglas-J.-Johnson-The-shield-of-achilles.jpg Douglas-J.-Johnson-The-shield-of-achilles.jpg
63. https://www.moma.org/calendar/exhibitions/4879 Abbas Kiarostami: Image Maker
64. Web site: Warhol, Pollock, Rothko on rare display in Tehran . 2024-03-29 . Middle East Eye . en.
65. Web site: Farideh Lashai Darz . 2024-03-28 . darz.art.
66. https://ifpnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Fernand-Le%CC%81ger-Paysage-landscape.jpg Fernand-Léger-Paysage-landscape.jpg
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68. Web site: The $3bn art collection hidden in vaults . 2024-03-24 . www.bbc.com.
69. https://ifpnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Roy-Lichtenstein-Brattata.jpg Roy-Lichtenstein-Brattata.jpg
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71. http://www.tmoca.com/section14/page13.aspx?lang=Fa René Magritte, The Therapeutae
72. Web site: نام اثر: اسب و سوارکار . 2014-12-10 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141211015359/http://www.tmoca.com/section14/page11.aspx?lang=Fa . 11 December 2014 . dmy-all .
73. Web site: Leyly Matine Daftary Darz . 2024-03-28 . darz.art.
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