Technicolor Specials (Warner Bros. series) explained

Technicolor Special was a common term used for Hollywood studio produced color short films of the 1930s and 1940s that did not belong to a specified series (as marketed in the trade periodicals).

With the Warner Brothers studio, the key word "special" was applied to those color live-action shorts that ran two reels or roughly 20 minutes in length. Those running longer were dubbed Warner Featurettes. Other series names used occasionally were "Technicolor Broadway Brevities" (briefly in the '30s[1]) and "Technicolor Miniatures" (for a pair of ballet performances filmed in 1941[2]).

Overview

Warner Brothers distinguished their two-reel Technicolor Specials from their many shorter color films, running under ten minutes (or one reel) in length. These included the animated Merrie Melodies and later Looney Tunes, Vitaphone Varieties (in color from 1929–30), E. M. Newman "Colortours", Vitaphone Color Parade, Sports Parade, Technicolor Adventures and Scope Gems, the last series occasionally running longer but distinguished by its use of CinemaScope.

Combined, the studio was able to supply theater owners with enough color short subjects practically on a weekly or bi-weekly basis by the end of the thirties. In fact, only one or two feature films needed to be shot annually in color during the years 1940–47 since there was more than enough presented as "extras" before the main feature attraction.[3] At a time when the studio stopped making features in color, four back-to-back two-reel musicals (over 70 minutes' worth) were made in Burbank, California in the autumn of 1933, with Eddie Cline supervising almost as if he was making a feature film.[4]

1934's Service with a Smile was the first shot in the full Technicolor. Previously a more primitive 2-strip system was used. Two decades later, these were processed under the studio's own Warnercolor system and occasionally dubbed "Warnercolor Specials".

The studio was particularly successful with some recreations of American history during the years 1936–1940, the first being Song of a Nation with Donald Woods playing Francis Scott Key. These kept the costume and set design departments busy and provided major stars like Claude Rains alternative projects to exercise, develop or diversify their acting skills between features. Another sub-series dramatized young men and women (again played by actors on the studio payroll) involved in the different military branches. Such titles as Service with the Colors helped prepare movie-goers for the inevitable conflict overseas and encouraged enlistment. Both series provided enough stock footage for later history lessons like March on America! (stretching from the pilgrim landing on Plymouth Rock through the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor) and My Country 'Tis of Thee (reusing much of the same footage, but continuing through the war years thanks to recent additions like Beachhead to Berlin).

Likewise, the ambitious mini-musicals of the thirties allowed similar recycling for a trio of forties titles: Musical Movieland, Movieland Magic and Hollywood Wonderland. These only required a "framing scene" with a tour guide showing Hollywood visitors films in production. The production numbers shown were lifted from earlier shorts like Swingtime in the Movies.[5]

By 1942, an increasing number of these were documentary and travelogue subjects. Among the most notable from the post-war crop were a pair of prestigious India travelogues, Soap Box Derby (the first of many trips to the mini-car races in Ohio), Down the Nile (showcasing Egypt post-war), Jungle Terror (covering Hassoldt Davis and his wife's Amazon adventure), The Seeing Eye (covering the Morristown, New Jersey training of dogs for the handicapped), Winter Paradise (John Jay's ski adventure down the Austrian slopes), Thar She Blows! (aboard a whaling ship) and some well-liked scenic tours of Europe filmed by André de la Varre. Edgar Bergen appeared in a comic-travelogue Charlie McCarthy and Mortimer Snerd in Sweden; its director Larry Lansburgh supplied a number of outdoor and animal interest documentary shorts for both Warner Bros. and Walt Disney in the fifties including some Oscar winners.

The later documentaries also benefited greatly from energetic narration (i.e. Marvin Miller also voiced popular radio shows and animated cartoons of the period) and orchestra scores that only a major film studio could provide. Not surprisingly, they continued to do well annually at awards time, with Warner Brothers eventually surpassing Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in the number of short subject Academy Awards and nominations. Making the Motion Picture Herald lists of top ten money making shorts in 1944-45,[6] the best titles enjoyed a second life as reissues in theaters along with Warner's newer features and shorts, from the mid-'40s through 1967.

List of titles

A full list is provided below, arranged by the year of release (but not necessarily the year filmed). Sometimes a date reviewed by The Film Daily or a copyright date is listed.[7] All run 16 to 22 minutes unless otherwise noted. Since Howard Jackson handled the majority of music scores after 1934, only the William Lava solo efforts are indicated.[8] Gordon Hollingshead produced many titles from Moroccan Nights through Thar She Blows. Cedric Francis took over a key producer in charge after Hollingshead's passing in 1952.

1932-1934 (2-strip system)

TitleMajor creditsRelease, copyright or review date
C'est Paree July 23, 1932 (Film Daily review)
Pickin' a Winner (Pick a Winner) August 23, 1932 (preview)
Northern Exposure Roy MackAugust 23, 1932 (preview)
Hey! HeyWesterner Roy MackAugust 23, 1932 (preview)
Tee for Two Roy MackAugust 31, 1932 (Film Daily review)
Pleasure Island Roy Mack
Tom Dugan, Richard Powell, Neely Edwards, Hank Mann, Winona Love & Maxine Lewis
October 3, 1932 (Film Daily review)
'Tis Spring © October 28, 1933
Morocco Nights Eddie Cline (director); Fuzzy Knight, Shirley Ross, Teddy Wolf Orchestra & others January 6, 1934
Girl Trouble Eddie Cline (director); Mitchell & Durant © March 1, 1934
Not Tonight, Josephine Eddie Cline (director); Frank McHugh, Kitty Kelly & others © March 2, 1934
Business Is a Pleasure © March 17, 1934

1930s (full color)

TitleMajor creditsRelease, copyright or review dateNotes
Service with a Smile Roy MackJuly 25, 1934 (preview) Vitaphone Cavalcade of Musical Comedy Shorts (Warner Archive) DVD
Good Morning, Eve Roy MackAugust 5, 1934 Dames & Vitaphone Cavalcade of Musical Comedy Shorts (Warner Archive) DVD
What, No Men! August 22, 1934 (preview) Nominee for Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film. Vitaphone Cavalcade of Musical Comedy Shorts (Warner Archive) DVD
Show Kids Ralph Staub (director); Arthur Aylesworth, Florence Fair & the Meglin Kiddies January 5, 1935 The Gay Divorcee (Greatest Classic Films Astaire & Rogers 1) DVD
Gypsy Sweetheart Ralph Staub (director); Margaret Dumont, Winifred Shaw, Phillip Reed & Eddie Shubert March 30, 1935 Vitaphone Cavalcade of Musical Comedy Shorts (Warner Archive) DVD
Springtime in Holland Ralph Staub (director); Hobart Cavanaugh, Dorothy Dare, Al Shean & Felix Knight June 22, 1935
Romance of the West August 3, 1935
Reg'lar Kids Ralph Staub (director); Famous Meglin Kiddies October 19, 1935
Okay, José December 7, 1935 Vitaphone Cavalcade of Musical Comedy Shorts (Warner Archive) DVD
Carnival Day January 11, 1936 Vitaphone Cavalcade of Musical Comedy Shorts (Warner Archive) DVD
King of the Islands February 22, 1936 Vitaphone Cavalcade of Musical Comedy Shorts (Warner Archive) DVD
Changing of the Guard May 13, 1936 (preview) Vitaphone Cavalcade of Musical Comedy Shorts (Warner Archive) DVD
Song of a Nation Frank MacDonald (director); Donald Woods, Clare Dodd & Carlyle Moore, Jr. June 12, 1936 (BoxOffice review date)
The Sunday Roundup William Clemens (film director)
Dick Foran, Jane Wyman, Linda Perry & others
July 10, 1936 Vitaphone Cavalcade of Musical Comedy Shorts (Warner Archive) DVD
Echo Mountain October 30, 1936 Vitaphone Cavalcade of Musical Comedy Shorts (Warner Archive) DVD
Give Me Liberty B. Reeves Eason (director); story: Forrest Barnes; John Litel, Robert Warwick, Nedda Harrington & others December 3, 1936 (preview) Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film. The Charge of the Light Brigade (1936 film) DVD
Under Southern Stars Nick Grinde (director); Fred Laurence, Jane Bryan, Fritz Leiber, Sr. & others February 20, 1937 Black Legion (film) DVD
The Romance of Robert Burns April 10, 1937 Hollywood Hotel (film) DVD
A Day at Santa Anita Bobby Connolly (director); Sybil Jason, Marcia Ralston, Matthew Beard, Bette Davis, Ruby Keeler, Al Jolson, Edward G. Robinson, Olivia de Havilland & others May 22, 1937 The Jazz Singer & Each Dawn I Die (Greatest Gangster Films James Cagney) DVD
Romance of Louisiana Crane Wilbur (director); Erville Anderson, Addison Richards & Suzanne Kaaren July 8, 1937 Gold Diggers of 1937 DVD
Little Pioneer Bobby Connolly (director); Sybil Jason, Jane Wyman, Carlyle Moore Jr. & others July 31, 1937
The Littlest Diplomat September 18, 1937 The Life of Emile Zola DVD
The Man Without a Country November 27, 1937 Nominee for Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film. San Quentin (1937 film) DVD
Romance Road Bobby Connolly (director); Walter Cassell, Anne Nagel & others January 26, 1938 The Dawn Patrol (1938 film), The Life of Emile Zola & Vitaphone Cavalcade of Musical Comedy Shorts (Warner Archive) DVD
Out Where the Stars Begin Bobby Connolly (director); Fritz Field, Evelyn Thaw, Armida (actress), Jeffrey Lynn, Pat O'Brien, Ann Sheridan & others May 14, 1938 Angels with Dirty Faces & Vitaphone Cavalcade of Musical Comedy Shorts (Warner Archive) DVD
Sons of the Plains July 30, 1938
Campus Cinderella Noel M. Smith (director); Penny Singleton, Johnnie Davis, Anthony Averill & Oscar O'Shea September 17, 1938 Bringing Up Baby (2-disc) DVD
Declaration of Independence Crane Wilbur (director); Charles Tedford (story); (Ted Osborne), John Litel, Walter Walker, Rosella Towne, Owen King & Richard Bond November 26, 1938 Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film, A Slight Case of Murder DVD
Swingtime in the Movies Crane Wilbur (director); Fritz Feld, Katherine Kane, Jerry Colonna, Humphrey Bogart, George Brent, the Dead End Boys, John Garfield, Priscilla Lane & others December 26, 1938 Nominee for Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film, They Drive by Night (Classic Legends Humphrey Bogart) DVD
Lincoln in the White House William McGann (director); Frank McGlynn, Sr., Dickie Moore, John Harron & others January 13, 1939 (preview) The Old Maid (1939 film) DVD
Sons of Liberty May 20, 1939 Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film, Dodge City (1939 film) DVD
The Right Way June 26, 1939
Quiet, Please Crane Wilbur (director); Fritz Feld, Charles Foy, Larry Williams, Tom Kennedy & Katherine Kane July 1, 1939 Invisible Stripes DVD
The Bill of Rights Crane Wilbur (director); Ted Osborne, Vernon Steele, Moroni Olsen & Leonard Mudie August 19, 1939Allegheny Uprising (John Wayne Collection) DVD
Ride, Cowboy, Ride September 9, 1939
The Monroe Doctrine October 21, 1939 Invisible Stripes DVD
The Royal Rodeo November 25, 1939 The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex DVD
Old Hickory Lewis Seiler (director); story: Owen Crump; Hugh Sothern, Nana Bryant & Victor KilianDecember 23, 1939Dark Victory Blu-ray

1940s

TitleMajor creditsRelease or copyright dateNotes
Teddy, the Rough Rider February 24, 1940 Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film, Knute Rockne, All American DVD
The Singing Dude William C. McGann (director); Dennis Morgan, Lucile Fairbanks & Fuzzy Knight April 5, 1940
Cinderella's Feller June 8, 1940 Virginia City DVD
Pony Express Days (Wild West Days) July 6, 1940 Torrid Zone DVD
Service with the Colors B. Reeves Eason (director); Owen Crump (writer); Robert Armstrong, William Lundigan, William T. Orr, Herbert Anderson & George Hayward August 31, 1940 Nominee for Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film, City for Conquest (Greatest Gangster Films James Cagney) DVD
The Flag of Humanity Jean Negulesco (director); Nana Bryant, Fay Helm, John Hamilton, Ted Osborne & others October 19, 1940 Virginia City (film) DVD
March On, Marines December 14, 1940
Meet the Fleet December 21, 1940All This, and Heaven Too DVD
Wings of Steel April 5, 1941
Here Comes the Cavalry D. Ross Lederman (director); story: Owen Crump (writer); William Justice & Gary Owen June 28, 1941
Carnival of Rhythm Stanley Martin (director); narrator: Knox Manning; Katherine Dunham & her dance troupe August 23, 1941 Available on The Bride Came C.O.D. DVD
The Tanks Are Coming October 4, 1941 Nominee for Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film, Desperate Journey & Objective, Burma! DVD
The Gay Parisian December 26, 1941 "Technicolor Miniature"; Nominee for Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film, The Maltese Falcon DVD
Soldiers in White February 7, 1942 They Died with Their Boots On DVD
Spanish Fiesta May 16, 1942 "Technicolor Miniature" (filmed 1941); In This Our Life DVD
March on America! Owen Crump (writer); narrator: Richard Whorf May 16, 1942 In This Our Life DVD
The Pacific Frontier Frederick Richards (film editor)
narrator: Raine Bennett
May 23, 1942 documentary on Hawaii
The Daughter of Rosie O'Grady Jean Negulesco (director); Patty Hale, Al Shean & Peter Caldwell July 11, 1942
Men of the Sky (Under Those Wings) B. Reeves Eason (director); Owen Crump (writer); Eleanor Parker, Tod Andrews, Don DeFore & Ray Montgomery July 25, 1942 Across the Pacific DVD
A Ship Is Born First Motion Picture UnitOctober 10, 1942
The Fighting Engineers January 2, 1943
Young and Beautiful March 13, 1943
Eagles of the Navy Joe Gosling April 24, 1943 filmed at Pensacola, Florida training facility
Champions Training Champions James Bloodworth (director); music: William Lava; narrator: Lou MarcelleJune 26, 1943 for U.S. Navy
Mountain Fighters B. Reeves Eason (director); narrator: Lou MarcelleAugust 7, 1943 filmed at Camp Hale, Colorado
Women at War Jean Negulesco (director);; music: William Lava; Virginia Christine October 2, 1943 Nominee for Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film, Air Force (film) DVD
Behind the Big Top November 27, 1943 shot in Sarasota, Florida
Task Force December 11, 1943 made for the U.S. Coast Guard
Roaring Guns February 19, 1944 "Santa Fe Trail" series; Rocky Mountain DVD
A Night in Mexico City Augustin Delgado (director); James A. Fitzpatrick (narrator) March 25, 1944
Wells Fargo Days May 1, 1944 "Santa Fe Trail" series; Rocky Mountain DVD
Winner's Circle A. Pam Blumenthal & Van Campen Heilner (prodfucers); André de la Varre (director); narrator: Roger Q. Denny May 6, 1944 profiles Kentucky thoroughbreds
Trial By Trigger William C. McGann (director); Robert Shayne, Cheryl Walker, Warner Anderson, Ralph Dunn & Henry Sharp May 27, 1944 "Santa Fe Trail" series; Rocky Mountain DVD
Devil Boats A. Pam Blumenthal & André de la Varre (producers); Arnold Albert (director); music: William Lava; Warren Douglas July 22, 1944 demonstrates the production of PT boats.
Musical Movieland September 9, 1944 Night and Day DVD
Trailin' West October 1, 1944 "Santa Fe Trail" series
Let's Go Fishing André de la Varre (director) October 21, 1944
Beachhead to Berlin December 16, 1944 color footage of D-Day
Coney Island Honeymoon Arnold Albert (director); Warren Douglas & Angela Greene June 16, 1945 (© December 19, 1944)
America the Beautiful August 4, 1945
Orders from Tokyo narrator: David Griffin August 18, 1945 filmed in the Philippines
Frontier Days Jack Scholl (director); Robert Shayne, Dorothy Malone & Rory Mallnson October 20, 1945 San Antonio (film) DVD
Hawaiian Memories John D. Craig (director) © December 27, 1945
The Forest Commandos Van Campen Heilner (producer); André de la Varre (director); music: Rex Dunn January 19, 1946 filmed in Ontario
Movieland Magic March 9, 1946Deception (1946 film) DVD
Gem of the Ocean April 13, 1946 visits wartime Guam
South of Monterrey © June 30, 1946 Mexico travelogue.
Down Singapore Way Deane H. Dickason; music: Rex Dunn July 20, 1946 tour of East Indies (Indonesia)
Men of Tomorrow August 24, 1946 (© December 31, 1945); about the Boy Scouts
Sunset in the Pacific © December 20, 1946 wartime camermen are profiled
A Boy and His Dog December 24, 1946 (preview) Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film
Saddle Up! Luis Osorno Barona (director) March 1, 1947 covers horse sports in Mexico
Hollywood Wonderland Jack Scholl (director) August 9, 1947 (filmed April 1946); Tycoon DVD
A Day at the Fair August 30, 1947 Covers the 1946 centennial state fair of Des Moines, Iowa where the film premiered[9]
Romance and Dance August 30, 1947 features various dances of Mexico
King of the Carnival September 11, 1947 covers a carnival in Topeka, Kansas including Carl J. Sedlmayr's Royal American Show.
Power Behind the Nation October 11, 1947 History of American industry. Business Screen states that Carl Dudley co-produced[10]
Soap Box Derby October 18, 1947 Akron, Ohio mini-car races.
Celebration Days © December 29, 1947 covers Minneapolis Aquatennial
Calgary Stampede May 29, 1948 covers Stampede Week in Calgary, Alberta. Nominee for Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film, The Adventures of Don Juan DVD
The Man from New Orleans September 4, 1948 profiles artist William Spratling
My Own United States October 16, 1948
Cradle of the Republic © December 20, 1948 Overview of the New England states
Princely India Owen Crump (director/writer); music: William Lava; narrator: Lou MarcelleDecember 25, 1948 India travelogue
Heart of Paris March 12, 1949
Drums of India April 15, 1949
Down the Nile July 30, 1949 Egyptian travelogue
Jungle Terror November 5, 1949 covers a 1947-48 trip through French Guiana, additional unused footage can be found in the Smithsonian Archives.
Snow Carnival December 17, 1949

1950s

TitleMajor creditsRelease or copyright dateNotes
Women of Tomorrow March 15, 1950 (© December 31, 1949); covers Girl Scouts of the USA
Danger Is My Business Ross Allen (herpetologist)April 8, 1950 visiting the Everglades with a professional reptile handler
Wish You Were Here July 29, 1950 tour of Florida
Charlie McCarthy and Mortimer Snerd in Sweden September 27, 1950
My Country 'Tis of Thee December 26, 1950 Nominee for Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film. Captain Horatio Hornblower R.N. DVD
The Wanderer's Return December 23, 1950 Tour of the new Israel
The Neighbor Next Door March 17, 1951 Tour of Canada
Stranger in the Lighthouse May 5, 1951 Tale of a girl and a seal
Enchanted Islands August 4, 1951 Hawaii
Winter Sports (Winter Wonders) September 8, 1951 Ski reel
The Seeing Eye December 14, 1951 Nominee for Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film. A canine view of the New Jersey seeing eye dog institute
Land of the Trembling Earth January 26, 1952 covers Georgia's Okefenokee Swamp
Land of Everyday Miracles March 8, 1952 American inventions and institutions
No Pets Allowed Crane Wilbur (director); Warren Douglas, Fay Bainter & others May 31, 1952
Open Up That Golden Gate Owen Crump (writer); music: William Lava; narrator: Lou MarcelleJuly 19, 1952 San Francisco travelogue
Killers of the Swamp September 6, 1952 Everglades alligator, rattlesnake and bobcat
Cruise of the Zaca December 6, 1952 Travels with the Zaca along Pacific and in Jamaica in 1946-47. The Adventures of Robin Hood (2-disc) DVD
Thar She Blows! December 25, 1952 (preview) Five months on a whaling vessel traveling Antarctic waters. Nominee for Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film
Under the Little Big Top April 25, 1953 filmed in Sarasota, Florida
America for Me Jerry Fairbanks (producer); Albert Kelly (director); Ellen Drew, Meg Randall & John Archer May 30, 1953
Where the Trade Winds Play July 4, 1953 Tour of Polynesia, Tahiti
Gone Fishin' September 12, 1953
North of the Sahara November 7, 1953 Tour of Tunisia & Morocco
Don't Forget to Write December 5, 1953 Tour of England
Winter Paradise (Alpine Safari) December 26, 1953
Hold Your Horses March 13, 1954 horse breeding in Argentina
Continental Holiday April 9, 1954 European tour utilizing clips from past shorts
Silver Lightning Edgar Queeny (director); narrator: Paul Prentiss July 17, 1954 fishing reel
Who's Who in the Zoo André de la Varre (director) August 21, 1954 US and European zoos
Mariners Ahoy! Ray Jewell (director); Owen Crump (writer) September 6, 1954 girls sail the Yankee with Commander Irving M. Johnson.
In Fourteen Hundred and Ninety-two October 9, 1954 covers Puerto Rico, Haiti, Jamaica & the Dominican Republic
Where Winter Is King December 4, 1954 Austria winter sports
Beauty and the Bull December 20, 1954 features bullfighter Bette Ford in Mexico. Nominee for Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film
The Mississippi Traveler Carl Dudley (producer); Richard Goldstone (director); March 5, 1955 journey along the river
Wave of the Flag Carl Dudley (producer); Richard Goldstone (director) May 14, 1955 touring national monuments to American wars
The Adventures of Alexander Selkirk Jackson Winter (director); June 18, 1955 story of a real life Robinson Crusoe
Uranium Fever Tom McGowan (director); narrator: Vic Perrin July 16, 1955
Festival Days August 13, 1955 shots of Germany, Austria and Italy
The Golden Tomorrow November 5, 1955 Venezuela
They Seek Adventure © January 7, 1956
Out of the Desert February 4, 1956 covers Egypt
Copters and Cows March 2, 1956 cattle ranching by helicopter in Vernon, Texas
The Wonders of Araby June 2, 1956 Tour of the Middle East.
Miracle in the Caribbean August 25, 1956 Puerto Rico
Playtime Pals October 27, 1956 (9 minutes) Children and sports worldwide
Howdy, Partner! November 1956 Las Vegas
Pearls of the Pacific © March 2, 1957
I'll Be Doggone! March 16, 1957 (9 minutes) Covers European dog shows

See also

Links

References

Notes and References

  1. BoxOffice. August 25, 1936 (p.46), April 17, 1937 (p. 42) use “Broadway Brevities”, January 8, 1938 (p 71) use “Technicolor Special”
  2. BoxOffice. March 14, 1942 (p. 103) also uses “Technicolor Special”
  3. Finler, Joel W. The Hollywood Story. 2003. Wallflower Press. p. 294-296, 369
  4. Liebman, Roy. Vitaphone Films – A Catalogue of the Features and Shorts. 2003. McFarland & Company, p. 104
  5. Maltin, Leonard. The Great Movie Shorts. 1972. Bonanza Books, p. 26
  6. 1965 International Motion Picture Almanac. 1964. Quigley Publishing Company. pp. 86-88A
  7. Motion Pictures 1912-1939 Catalog of Copyright Entries. 1951. Library of Congress
  8. McCarty, Clifford. Film Composers in America: A Filmography, 1911-1970. 2000. Oxford University Press
  9. https://books.google.com/books?id=VAwEAAAAMBAJ&q=A+Day+at+the+Fair+1947+warner+des+moines Billboard magazine, September 6, 1947, p. 68
  10. https://archive.org/details/businesss1947creenma8and91948rich/page/n61 Business Screen. February 1, 1947 (p. 55)
  11. https://books.google.com/books?id=flgEAAAAMBAJ Ski Heritage Journal, Vol. 8, No. 2, Spring/Summer 1996, p. 19