Teacup galaxy explained

Teacup galaxy
Constellation Name:Boötes
Epoch:J2000.0
Dist Ly:1100Mly
Size V:0.223' × 0.197'
Z:0.08513
Names:FIRST J143029.9+133912, IRAS F14281+1352, LEDA 1436754, NVSS J143030+133912, SDSS J1430+1339

The Teacup galaxy,[1] also known as the Teacup AGN[2] or SDSS J1430+1339 is a low redshift type 2 quasar,[3] showing an extended loop of ionized gas resembling a handle of a teacup, which was discovered by volunteers of the Galaxy Zoo project and labeled as a Voorwerpje.[4]

Galaxy

The Teacup galaxy is dominated by a bulge and has an asymmetric structure with a shell-like structure and a tidal tail. The shell and tail are signatures of a recent merger of two galaxies.[5] Dust lanes in the system are interpreted as a gas-rich merger.[6] Several candidate star clusters were identified in this galaxy with Hubble Space Telescope images. Observations with the Gran Telescopio Canarias showed that the Teacup Galaxy has a giant reservoir of ionized gas extending up to 111 kpc. The optical/radio bubbles seem to be expanding across this intergalactic medium.[3]

Active galactic nucleus

Early studies of the Teacup AGN suggested that it is fading,[7] although there was no clear evidence.[8] Observations with VLT/SINFONI showed a blueshifted nuclear outflow with a velocity of 1600–1800 km/s.[9] Observations in x-rays with Swift, XMM-Newton and Chandra revealed a powerful, highly obscured active galactic nucleus. This new result suggests that the AGN might not require fading. The quasar has dimmed by only a factor of 25 or less over the past 100,000 years.[10] [11]

Bubbles

One bubble was discovered by Galaxy Zoo volunteers in SDSS images as a 5 kpc loop of ionized gas.[4] The loop is dominated by emission lines, such as hydrogen alpha and doubly ionized oxygen, which gives the loop seen in SDSS images a purple color. The emission of [O II] is extremely strong in the Teacup AGN and the quasar 3C 48 shows a similar [O II]/Hβ ratio.[7]

Follow-up observations with the Very Large Array showed two 10-12 kpc bubbles, one "eastern bubble", consistent with the loop in optical observations and a "western bubble", only visible in radio wavelengths. The study also found a bright emission towards the north-east of the AGN, which is consistent with high-velocity ionized gas (-740 km/s). The bubbles are either created by small-scale radio jets or by quasar winds.[6]

Observations with Chandra revealed a loop in x-ray emission, consistent with the "eastern bubble". The Chandra data also show evidence for hotter gas within the bubble, which may imply that a wind of material is blowing away from the black hole. Such a wind, which was driven by radiation from the quasar, may have created the bubbles found in the Teacup.[10] [11]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Hubble view of green filament in Teacup galaxy. www.spacetelescope.org. en. 2020-01-27.
  2. Teacup AGN. 2020-01-27.
  3. Martin. Montserrat Villar. Lavers. Antonio Cabrera. Humphrey. Andrew. Silva. Marckelson. Almeida. Cristina Ramos. Piqueras. Javier. Emonts. Bjorn. 2018-02-21. A 100 kpc nebula associated with the "Teacup" fading quasar. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 474. 2. 2302–2312. 10.1093/mnras/stx2911. free . 1711.02529. 0035-8711.
  4. Keel. William C.. Chojnowski. S. Drew. Bennert. Vardha N.. Schawinski. Kevin. Lintott. Chris J.. Lynn. Stuart. Pancoast. Anna. Harris. Chelsea. Nierenberg. A. M.. Sonnenfeld. Alessandro. Proctor. Richard. 2012-02-11. The Galaxy Zoo survey for giant AGN-ionized clouds: past and present black hole accretion events. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. en. 420. 1. 878–900. 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.20101.x. 1110.6921 . 2012MNRAS.420..878K . 0035-8711. free.
  5. Keel. William C.. Maksym. W. Peter. Bennert. Vardha N.. Lintott. Chris J.. Chojnowski. S. Drew. Moiseev. Alexei. Smirnova. Aleksandrina. Schawinski. Kevin. Urry. C. Megan. Evans. Daniel A.. Pancoast. Anna. 2015-04-14. HST Imaging of Fading AGN Candidates I: Host-Galaxy Properties and Origin of the Extended Gas. The Astronomical Journal. 149. 5. 155. 10.1088/0004-6256/149/5/155. 1408.5159. 2015AJ....149..155K . 14855152. 1538-3881.
  6. Harrison. C. M.. Thomson. A. P.. Alexander. D. M.. Bauer. F. E.. Edge. A. C.. Hogan. M. T.. Mullaney. J. R.. Swinbank. A. M.. 2015-02-06. Storm in a "Teacup": a radio-quiet quasar with ~10kpc radio-emitting bubbles and extreme gas kinematics. The Astrophysical Journal. 800. 1. 45. 10.1088/0004-637X/800/1/45. 1410.4198. 119219986. 1538-4357.
  7. Gagne. J. P.. Crenshaw. D. M.. Kraemer. S. B.. Schmitt. H. R.. Keel. W. C.. Rafter. S.. Fischer. T. C.. Bennert. V. N.. Schawinski. K.. 2014-08-18. Spatially-Resolved Spectra of the "Teacup" AGN: Tracing the History of a Dying Quasar. The Astrophysical Journal. 792. 1. 72. 10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/72. 1407.1729. 34883241. 1538-4357.
  8. Keel. William C.. Lintott. Chris J.. Maksym. W. Peter. Bennert. Vardha N.. Chojnowski. S. Drew. Moiseev. Alexei. Smirnova. Aleksandrina. Schawinski. Kevin. Sartori. Lia F.. Urry. C. Megan. Pancoast. Anna. 2017-02-01. Fading AGN Candidates: AGN Histories and Outflow Signatures. The Astrophysical Journal. 835. 2. 256. 10.3847/1538-4357/835/2/256. 1612.06006. 2017ApJ...835..256K . 106396364. 1538-4357 . free .
  9. Almeida. Cristina Ramos. López. Javier Piqueras. Villar-Martín. Montserrat. Bessiere. Patricia S.. 2017-09-01. An infrared view of AGN feedback in a type-2 quasar: the case of the Teacup galaxy. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 470. 1. 964–976. 10.1093/mnras/stx1287. free . 1705.07631. 0035-8711.
  10. Lansbury. G. B.. Jarvis. M. E.. Harrison. C. M.. Alexander. D. M.. Del Moro. A.. Edge. A. C.. Mullaney. J. R.. Thomson. A.. 2018-03-19. Storm in a Teacup: X-ray view of an obscured quasar and superbubble. The Astrophysical Journal. 856. 1. L1. 10.3847/2041-8213/aab357. 1803.00009. 2018ApJ...856L...1L . 55431218. 2041-8213 . free .
  11. Web site: Chandra :: Photo Album :: SDSS J1430+1339 :: March 14, 2019. chandra.harvard.edu. 2020-01-27.

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