Tea Party protests explained

Tea Party protests
Partof:response to government social and fiscal policies
Date:Predominately 2009–2010
Place:United States
Causes:Government spending and red tape, national debt, taxation, social liberalism
Status:Ended
Goals:Government adherence to the Constitution, reduce taxation, reduce spending and waste, social conservatism
Methods:

The Tea Party protests were a series of protests throughout the United States that began in early 2009. The protests were part of the larger political Tea Party movement.[1] Most Tea Party activities have since been focused on opposing efforts of the Obama administration, and on recruiting, nominating, and supporting candidates for state and national elections.[2] [3] The name "Tea Party" is a reference to the Boston Tea Party, whose principal aim was to protest taxation without representation.[4] [5] Tea Party protests evoked images, slogans and themes from the American Revolution, such as tri-corner hats and yellow Gadsden "Don't Tread on Me" flags.[6] [7] The letters T-E-A have been used by some protesters to form the backronym "Taxed Enough Already".[8]

Commentators promoted Tax Day events on various blogs, Twitter, and Facebook, while the Fox News Channel regularly featured televised programming leading into and promoting various protest activities.[9] Reaction to the tea parties included counter-protests expressing support for the Obama administration, and dismissive or mocking media coverage of both the events and their promoters.[10]

List of events

Among other events, protests were held on:

History

See also: Taxation history of the United States. The theme of the Boston Tea Party, an iconic event of American history, has long been used by anti-tax protesters with libertarian and conservative viewpoints.[16] [17] [18] [19] [20] It was part of Tax Day protests held throughout the 1990s and earlier.[21] [22] [23] The libertarian theme of the "tea party" protest has also been used by Republican Congressman Ron Paul and his supporters during fundraising events in the primaries of the 2008 presidential campaign to emphasize fiscal conservatism, which they later claimed laid the groundwork for the modern-day Tea Party movement.[24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] In late 2008, Young Americans for Liberty, with the endorsement of Rep. Paul, organized a protest called the Binghamton Tea Party for January 24 of the following year where participants dressing in Native American costumes and dumping soft drinks into New York's Susquehanna River, as a protest of former NY Governor David Paterson's proposed 18% tax increase on soda.[30] [31] [32] As home mortgage foreclosures increased, and details of the 2009 stimulus legislation became known, more organized protests began to emerge.[33] [34] [35]

"Porkulus" protests and "First Tea Party" claims

The dominant theme seen at some of the earliest anti-stimulus protests was "pork" rather than tea.[36] The term "porkulus" was coined by radio talk-show host Rush Limbaugh on his January 27, 2009, broadcast,[37] in reference to both the 2009 stimulus bill, which had been introduced to the House of Representatives the day before, as well as to pork-barrel spending and earmarks.[38] The term proved very popular with conservative politicians and commentators,[39] who began to unify in opposition against stimulus spending after the 2008 general election.[40]

Competing claims have emerged over which protest was actually the first to organize. According to FreedomWorks state and federal campaigns director Brendan Steinhauser,[41] [42] activist Mary Rakovich[43] was the organizer of a February 10 protest in Fort Myers, Florida, calling it the "first protest of President Obama's administration that we know of. It was the first protest of what became the tea party movement."[44] Rakovich, along with six to ten others, protested outside a townhall meeting featuring President Obama and Florida governor Charlie Crist.[45] Interviewed by a local reporter, Rakovich explained that she "thinks the government is wasting way too much money helping people receive high definition TV signals" and that "Obama promotes socialism, although 'he doesn't call it that'".[45] Regarding the role Freedomworks played in the demonstration, Rakovich acknowledged they were involved "right from the start,"[46] and said that in her 2 hour training session, she was taught how to attract more supporters and was specifically advised not to focus on President Obama.[47]

New York Times journalist Kate Zernike reports that some within the Tea Party credit Seattle blogger and conservative activist Keli Carender with organizing the first Tea Party on February 16, 2009.[48] An article written by Chris Good of The Atlantic credits Carender as "one of the first" Tea Party organizers.[49]

Carendar organized what she called a "Porkulus Protest" on President's Day, a few days before Rick Santelli used the phrase "Tea Party" in what has been characterized as a "rant" broadcast from the floor of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange.[50] [51]

Carender contacted conservative author and Fox News contributor Michelle Malkin in order to gain her support and publicize the event. Malkin promoted the protest in several posts on her blog, saying that "There should be one of these in every town in America", and that she would be supplying the crowd with a meal of pulled pork. The protest was held in Seattle on Presidents Day, 2009.[52] Malkin encouraged her readers to stage similar events in Denver on the following day where President Obama was scheduled to sign the stimulus bill into law.

A protest at the Denver Capitol Building was already scheduled to coincide with the bill signing. Malkin reported that it was organized by the conservative advocacy group Americans for Prosperity and spearheaded by the conservative activist group Independence Institute, as well as former Republican representative and presidential candidate Tom Tancredo.[53] [54] [55] Another protest organized by local conservative talk radio station KFYI was held in suburban Phoenix, Arizona, on February 18, and brought 500 protesters.[56] KFYI organized the protest in reaction to Obama's visit to the local high school to hold his first public talk on elements of the stimulus bill.[57] By February 20, Malkin was using her nationally syndicated column in an attempt to present these three protests as a movement to her fellow conservatives, continuing to call for more. "There's something in the air", she wrote, "It's the smell of roasted pork."[58]

Birth of the national Tea Party movement

On February 19, 2009,[39] in a broadcast from the floor of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, CNBC Business News Network editor Rick Santelli loudly criticized the government plan to refinance mortgages as "promoting bad behavior" by "subsidizing losers' mortgages", and raised the possibility of putting together a "Chicago Tea Party in July".[59] [60] A number of the traders and brokers around him cheered on his proposal, to the apparent amusement of the hosts in the studio. It was called "the rant heard round the world".[61] Santelli's remarks "set the fuse to the modern anti-Obama Tea Party movement", according to journalist Lee Fang.[62]

The following day after Santelli's comments from the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, 50 national conservative leaders, including Michael Johns, Amy Kremer and Jenny Beth Martin, participated in a conference call that gave birth to the national Tea Party movement.[63] [64] In response to Santelli, websites such as ChicagoTeaParty.com, registered in August 2008 by Chicago radio producer Zack Christenson, were live within twelve hours.[65] About 10 hours after Santelli's remarks, reTeaParty.com was bought to coordinate Tea Parties scheduled for the 4th of July and within two weeks was reported to be receiving 11,000 visitors a day.[65] However, on the contrary, many scholars are reluctant to label Santelli's remarks the "spark" of the Tea Party considering that a "Tea Party" protest had taken place 3 days before in Seattle, Washington[66] In fact, this had led many opponents of the Tea Party to define this movement as "astroturfed," but it seems as if Santelli's comments did not "fall on deaf ears" considering that, "the top 50 counties in foreclosure rates played host to over 910 Tea Party protests, about one-sixth of the total"[66]

Also on February 19, Young Americans for Liberty NY State Chairman Trevor Leach created a Facebook page called "The Capitalist Chicago Tea Party – Rick's Revolution", in response to Santelli's call for a national Tea Party.[67] [68] According to The Huffington Post, a Facebook page was developed on February 20 calling for Tea Party protests across the country.[69] Eric Odom of the conservative activist group FreedomWorks was one of the group administrators, and it was created by Phil Kerpen from the conservative advocacy organization Americans for Prosperity. Soon, the "Nationwide Chicago Tea Party" protests were coordinated across over 40 different cities for February 27, 2009, establishing the first national modern Tea Party protest.[70] [71]

Protests

Tax day events

April 15, 2009 is said to have been the day that had the largest number of tea party demonstrations reportedly in more than 750 cities.[72] Estimates of protesters and locations varied. The Christian Science Monitor reported on the difficulties of calculating a cumulative turnout and said some estimates state that over half a million Americans participated in the protests, noting, "experts say the counting itself often becomes politicized as authorities, organizers, and attendees often come up with dramatically different counts."[73] [74] Grover Norquist, president of Americans for Tax Reform, estimated that at least 268,000 attended in over 200 cities.[75] Statistician Nate Silver, manager of FiveThirtyEight.com, has said that a cumulative crowd size estimate from credible sources was of 311,460 attendees in 346 cities, which accounted for all capitols and major cities little noticeable or no reliable media coverage in other protests could have contributed to a lower number of attendees and locations.[76] The largest event, in Atlanta, drew between an estimated 7,000 to 15,000 protesters.[76] [77] [78] Some of the gatherings drew only dozens.[73]

On April 15, 2009, a Tea Party protest outside the White House was moved after a box of tea bags was hurled over the White House fence. Police sealed off the area and evacuated some people. The Secret Service brought out a bomb-detecting robot, which determined the package was not a threat.[79] Approximately one thousand people had demonstrated, several waved placards saying "Stop Big Government" and "Taxation is Piracy".[12]

Spring and early summer protests

Tea Party rallies continued in various locales around the nation. Many of these events were focused on opposition to state or local taxes and spending, rather than with national issues. Late April saw Tea Parties in Annapolis, Maryland, White Plains, New York,[80] Jackson, Tennessee,[81] and Monroe, Washington.[82] In May, there were six more Tea Party events in Tennessee, New York,[83] Idaho,[84] Ohio,[85] Nevada,[86] and North Carolina.[87] During June 2009, another dozen events were held in North Carolina,[88] California,[89] Rhode Island,[90] Texas,[91] Ohio,[92] Michigan,[93] Montana,[94] Florida,[95] New York,[96] and Washington State.[97] On June 29, 2009, in Nashville, Tennessee, four thousand people rallied against proposed emissions trading (cap and trade) energy in Congress and universal health care.[98]

Independence Day rallies

A number of Tea Party protests were held the weekend of July 4, 2009, coinciding with Independence Day.[99] [100] "The rally followed a national effort that drew thousands of activists to Tea Party events across the country on April 15, 2009, when income taxes are due."[101]

On July 17, 2009, there were additional Tea Party protests around the nation organized by a group called Tea Party Patriots, this time against President Obama's proposed health care overhaul that they labeled socialized medicine.[102]

Taxpayer March on Washington

See main article: Taxpayer March on Washington. On September 12, 2009, Tea Party protests were held in various cities around the nation. In Washington, D.C., Tea Party protests gathered to march from Freedom Plaza to the United States Capitol. Estimates of the number of attendees varied, from "tens of thousands"[103] to "in excess of 75,000".[104] [105] A rally organizer asserted that one local ABC News station had reported attendance of over one million, but he retracted the statement after ABC News denied making any such report.[106]

Using the counts of those in attendance, the march may have been the largest conservative protest ever held in Washington, D.C., as well as the largest demonstration against President Obama's administration to date.[107] [108]

First Tea Party convention

On February 4, 2010, the first Tea Party national convention was held in Nashville, attended by 600 people.[109] The convention received broad media coverage as former GOP vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin was the featured speaker. Some tea partiers condemned the event, questioning the main sponsor, Tea Party Nation, a for-profit group, as well as the several hundred dollar ticket price. The former Alaska governor was criticized[110] [111] for receiving as much as $100,000 to address the convention.[112]

Tactics

The New York Times reported on August 8, 2009, that organizations opposed to the President Obama's health care legislation were urging opponents to be disruptive. It noted that the Tea Party Patriots web site circulated a memo instructing them to "Pack the hall. Yell out and challenge the Rep's statements early. Get him off his prepared script and agenda. Stand up and shout and sit right back down." The memo continued, "The Rep [representative] should be made to feel that a majority, and if not, a significant portion of at least the audience, opposes the socialist agenda of Washington."[113]

Some Tea Party organizers have stated that they look to leftist Saul Alinsky's Rules for Radicals for inspiration. Protesters have also appropriated left-wing imagery; the logo for the March 9/12 on Washington featured a raised fist design that was intended to resemble those used by the pro-labor, anti-war, and black power movements of the 1960s. In addition, the slogan "Keep Your Laws Off My Body", usually associated with pro-choice activists, has been seen on signs at tea parties.[114]

On April 8, 2010, it was announced that the National Tea Party Federation had been set up to publicize the movement, and organizers said it would issue news releases, respond to critics and help get the word out about tea party rallies and initiatives.[115] Tea Party activist Mark Skoda noted the slow response to critics who have charged the protesters with racism, stating: "It took us 72 hours to respond to John Lewis... We're not needing to meet every week. But there will now be a way to have a call to arms to respond to attacks with a crisp and clear message."[115] [116]

Reports of abusive behavior

There have been allegations of racism and abusive behavior by Tea Party protesters.[117] [118] [119]

On March 16, 2010, at a Tea Party protest at the Ohio offices of Rep. Mary Jo Kilroy, a counter-protester with Parkinson's disease was berated by one of the protesters and had dollar bills thrown at him with additional protesters also mocking the individual.[120] The man initially denied the incident, but later apologized for his "shameful" actions.[121]

On March 20, 2010, it was reported that protesters against proposed health care legislation used racial and anti-gay slurs. Gay Congressman Barney Frank was called "homo" and a "faggot several times."[122] [123] [124] Several black lawmakers said demonstrators shouted "the N-word" at them.[125] Congressman André Carson said that as he walked from the Cannon House Office Building with Representative John Lewis and his chief of staff, amid chants of "Kill the bill", he heard the "n-word" about fifteen times coming from several places in the crowd: "One guy, I remember he just rattled it off several times. Then John looks at me and says, 'You know, this reminds me of a different time.'"[122] [126] [127] Congressman Emanuel Cleaver said that, as he walked several yards behind Lewis, he distinctly heard "nigger", and he was also spat upon by a protester while walking up the stairs of the Cannon Building, although whether the spitting was intentional has been questioned.[122] [123] [127]

Conservative commentator Andrew Breitbart, who wasn't at the protests,[127] said the incidents reported by Cleaver, Lewis and Carson were fabricated as part of a plan to annihilate the Tea Party movement by all means necessary and that they never actually happened. He offered to donate $10,000 to the United Negro College Fund if Lewis could provide audio or video footage of the slurs, or pass a lie detector test. The amount was later raised to $100,000 for "hard evidence".[127] [128] [129] In addition, the National Tea Party Federation sent a letter to the Congressional Black Caucus (CBC) denouncing racism and requesting that the CBC supply any evidence of the alleged events at the protest.[116]

Representative Heath Shuler of North Carolina, who is white, backed up his colleagues, telling the Hendersonville (N.C.) Times-News that he too heard slurs.[127] Richard Trumka, president of the AFL–CIO, corroborated Lewis' version of events during a confrontation with Breitbart at a Harvard Institute of Politics forum by saying, "I watched them spit at people, I watched them call John Lewis the N-word. [...] I witnessed it. I saw it in person. That's real evidence."[130] [131] [132] One of Representative Anthony Weiner's staffers reported a stream of hostile encounters with tea partiers roaming the halls of Congress. In addition to mockery, protesters left a couple of notes behind. According to the New York Daily News, one letter "asked what Rahm Emanuel did with Weiner in the shower", in a reference to the harassment claims against ex-Rep Eric Massa. It was signed with a swastika, the staffer said. The other note called the congressman "Schlomo Weiner".

Kate Zernike, author of Boiling Mad: Inside Tea Party America, has observed, "Rather than explain it as a fringe of the movement, which they plausibly might have, they argued that the ugliness had never happened. Wasn't it suspicious, they asked, that there was no video of spitting or slurs, in an age when everyone's cell phone has a camera? It was difficult, if not disingenuous, for the Tea Party groups to try to disown the behavior."[133] Politicians from both political parties, black conservative activists and columnists have argued that allegations of racism do not reflect the movement as a whole.[134] [135] [136] [137]

See also

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. http://usconservatives.about.com/od/glossaryterms/a/Tea-Party.htm "Tea Party definition," About.com, January 28, 2016
  2. News: Brian Lockhart . GOP chair welcomes tea party . NewsTimes . August 21, 2011 . August 10, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151023022754/http://www.newstimes.com/local/article/GOP-chair-welcomes-tea-party-2134030.php . October 23, 2015 . live .
  3. Web site: News Archive 01. Florida Tea Party. https://web.archive.org/web/20100831105556/http://www.floridateaparty.us/news-archive/01.php. August 31, 2010. dead. November 11, 2016.
  4. News: Tea Party Convention Gives Boost to Newcomer Politicians. FOXNews.com. February 5, 2010. February 23, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100209212848/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2010/02/05/tea-party-convention-gives-boost-aspiring-elected-officials/. February 9, 2010. live.
  5. Thomas, Townshend Duties, 246.
  6. News: Michael . Oneal . Janet Hook . Anti-Obama rebellion poses risk for the GOP . April 16, 2009 . . April 21, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101104100210/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/chi-tax-day_thuapr16,0,2440162.story . November 4, 2010 . dead .
  7. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,509445,00.html Taxpayers Strike Back With 'Tea Parties'
  8. News: The Politico. T.E.A. = Taxed Enough Already. Anne Schroeder Mullins. April 8, 2009. June 17, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20100424030633/http://www.politico.com/blogs/anneschroeder/0409/TEA__Taxed_Enough_Already.html. April 24, 2010. live.
  9. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0409/21275.html Fox teas up a tempest
  10. News: Demonstrators decry bailouts, taxes at Tax Day tea parties. June 16, 2009. Aaron. Burgin. Press Enterprise. https://web.archive.org/web/20090419162330/http://www.pe.com/localnews/inland/stories/PE_News_Local_S_protest16.4024876.html. April 19, 2009. live.
  11. Web site: Houston Joins Other Cities Nationwide in Tea Party Protest. Katharine Shilcutt Gleave. Houstonist. July 21, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20110712223407/http://houstonist.com/2009/02/26/tea_parties_coordinated_nationwide.php. July 12, 2011. dead.
  12. News: Anti-Obama 'tea party' protests mark US tax day. April 15, 2009. June 16, 2009. AFP. https://web.archive.org/web/20090419105652/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iVPKNWGZDbu2Xzq4C14mhJqCdXwQ. April 19, 2009. dead.
  13. Web site: Fourth of July – Independence Day Tea Party Celebrations / Protests – July 4, 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20100704094918/http://www.surgeusa.org/actions/july4.htm. July 4, 2010. July 19, 2010. mdy-all.
  14. News: Tea partiers descend on Capitol Hill. Allen. Jonathan. November 5, 2009. Politico. July 21, 2010. Meredith Shiner. https://web.archive.org/web/20100606044312/http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1109/29183.html. June 6, 2010. live.
  15. Web site: Tea Party Activists Make Last Stand Against Health Care Vote. Fox News. March 20, 2010. November 11, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20151018031824/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2010/03/20/tea-party-activists-make-stand-health-care-vote/. October 18, 2015. live.
  16. Web site: Daily News - Google News Archive Search. November 11, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160702032156/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tv4hAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dUcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4622,1455570&hl=en. July 2, 2016. live.
  17. Web site: State Republicans call for anti-tax 'tea party'.
  18. Web site: NewsBank for Statesman. November 11, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20170419103839/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=AASB&p_theme=aasb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EAD8C7A6C6DACF2&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. April 19, 2017. live.
  19. Web site: The Victoria Advocate - Google News Archive Search. November 11, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20170123080606/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=esYcAAAAIBAJ&sjid=51kEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7010,4383884&hl=en. January 23, 2017. live.
  20. Web site: Miami Herald: Search Results. November 11, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20170123080845/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=MH&s_site=miami&p_multi=MH&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EB344E5F94DCCDC&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. January 23, 2017. live.
  21. Web site: Boca Raton News - Google News Archive Search. November 11, 2016. https://archive.today/20120714222215/http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=mtoPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=y4wDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5866,3315450. July 14, 2012. live.
  22. Web site: Boston Tea Party is protest template . UPI.com . April 20, 2008 . April 27, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101001195010/http://www.upi.com/Odd_News/2008/04/20/Boston-Tea-Party-is-protest-template/UPI-96411208726823 . October 1, 2010 . live .
  23. Web site: 'The Rachel Maddow Show' for Tuesday, April 14 – Rachel Maddow show- NBC News . NBC News . April 15, 2009 . April 27, 2010 .
  24. Web site: Tea Party 07 – Ron Paul for President Mass Donation Day . August 10, 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090901022339/http://www.teaparty07.com/ . September 1, 2009 .
  25. News: Ron Paul's tea party for dollars – 2008 Presidential Campaign Blog – Political Intelligence . Boston.com . December 16, 2007 . April 27, 2010 . James F. . Smith . https://web.archive.org/web/20121025063623/http://www.boston.com/news/politics/politicalintelligence/2007/12/ron_pauls_tea_p.html . October 25, 2012 . live .
  26. Web site: Statement on Ron Paul and "Tax Day Tea Parties" . Businesswire.com . April 15, 2009 . April 27, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100412171825/http://www.businesswire.com/portal/site/google/?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20090415005738&newsLang=en . April 12, 2010 . live .
  27. News: Ron Paul raises millions in today's Boston Tea Party event – The Boston Globe . Boston.com . December 16, 2007 . April 27, 2010 . Michael . Levenson . https://web.archive.org/web/20100701084546/http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2007/12/16/ron_paul_raises_millions_in_todays_boston_tea_party_event/ . July 1, 2010 . live .
  28. Web site: Associated Press . Paul supporters hold Tea Party re-enactment in Boston . BostonHerald.com . December 17, 2007 . April 27, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101101203516/http://www.bostonherald.com/news/us_politics/view.bg?articleid=1051232 . November 1, 2010 . live .
  29. The Southern Avenger, Host: Jack Hunter, Station: 1250 AM WTMA, Charleston, South Carolina, Date: February 15, 2010, Interview with Ron Paul
  30. Jeff Frazee, "YAL Tax Protest", Young Americans for Liberty, January 28, 2009.
  31. Neil St. Clair, "A 'tea party' to protest Patersons taxes", Your News Now, January 24, 2009.
  32. News: Binghamton Tea Party. November 10, 2016. WBNG-TV. January 24, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20161111060716/http://www.wbng.com/closings/38276839.html. November 11, 2016. dead. mdy-all.
  33. Web site: Archived copy . March 6, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110714090906/http://www.middletoninv.com/fedup/Fed%20Up%20USA%20press%20release%20July%2031.pdf . July 14, 2011 . dead .
  34. Web site: JEANNINE AVERSA AP Economics Writer . Washington offers no relief for savers . Readingeagle.com . April 27, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090210141817/http://www.readingeagle.com/article.aspx?id=102758 . February 10, 2009 .
  35. News: Homebuyer Helper . Foxnews.com . April 27, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924151807/http://www.foxnews.com/search-results/m/21856284/homebuyer-helper.htm . September 24, 2015 . live .
  36. Web site: FreedomWorks' Long History Of Teabagging . https://web.archive.org/web/20090915180449/http://tpmdc.talkingpointsmemo.com/2009/04/freedomworks-long-history-of-teabagging.php . September 15, 2009 . April 19, 2009 . March 4, 2010 . "but they didn't have an explicitly tea-based theme. If they had a theme of any kind it was "pork" and government waste." . dead . mdy-all .
  37. News: Tom Kuntz . Idea of the Day: 'Porkulus' . February 8, 2009 . February 8, 2009 . The New York Times . https://web.archive.org/web/20090211123705/http://ideas.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/02/08/porkulus/ . February 11, 2009 . live .
  38. Web site: Ronald D. Utt . Is Pork Barrel Spending Ready to Explode? The Anatomy of an Earmark . The Heritage Foundation . November 10, 2004 . November 10, 2004 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20041113041412/http://www.heritage.org/Research/Budget/wm608.cfm . November 13, 2004 . mdy-all .
  39. News: The Movement – The Rise of Tea Party Activism. Ben McGrath. The New Yorker. February 1, 2010. March 6, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100130112704/http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2010/02/01/100201fa_fact_mcgrath/?currentPage=2. January 30, 2010. live.
  40. Web site: FreedomWorks' Long History Of Teabagging . April 19, 2009 . March 4, 2010 . but they didn't have an explicitly tea-based theme. If they had a theme of any kind it was 'pork' and government waste. . https://web.archive.org/web/20090915180449/http://tpmdc.talkingpointsmemo.com/2009/04/freedomworks-long-history-of-teabagging.php . September 15, 2009 . live .
  41. Web site: Members Protest President Obama in Fort Myers . https://web.archive.org/web/20090210122432/http://www.freedomworks.org/press-releases/freedomworks-members-protest-president-obama-in-fo . dead . February 10, 2009 . FreedomWorks . October 18, 2009 .
  42. Web site: Steinhauser . Brendan . Cape Coral Tea Party is ON! . https://web.archive.org/web/20090401203928/http://www.freedomworks.org/blog/bstein80/cape-coral-tea-party-is-on . dead . April 1, 2009 . FreedomWorks . March 29, 2009 . October 18, 2009 .
  43. Web site: Steinhauser . Brendan . plans to protest Obama in Fort Myers, Florida Tuesday! . https://web.archive.org/web/20090209212406/http://www.freedomworks.org/blog/bstein80/freedomworks-plans-to-protest-obama-in-fort-myers- . dead . February 9, 2009 . FreedomWorks . February 9, 2009 . October 18, 2009 .
  44. News: One year later: Crist-Obama Fort Myers stimulus rally fueled Rubio campaign, pre-Santelli tea party protest . George Bennett . Palm Beach Post . February 10, 2010 . March 6, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101125151116/http://www.postonpolitics.com/tag/mary-rakovich/ . November 25, 2010 . dead .
  45. Web site: Those outside Harborside in Fort Myers had plenty to see, say . https://archive.today/20121227181128/http://www.news-press.com/article/20090211/OBAMA/90210068 . dead . December 27, 2012 . The News-Press . February 11, 2009 . April 26, 2009 .
  46. Web site: Beutler . Brian . FreedomWorks' Long History Of Teabagging | TPMDC . Tpmdc.talkingpointsmemo.com . April 14, 2009 . April 27, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090915180449/http://tpmdc.talkingpointsmemo.com/2009/04/freedomworks-long-history-of-teabagging.php . September 15, 2009 . live .
  47. Web site: Woman's year-ago protest launched tea party movement in Florida . Palmbeachpost.com . April 27, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100420202151/http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/state/womans-year-ago-protest-launched-tea-party-movement-224494.html . April 20, 2010 . live .
  48. News: Zernike . Kate . Unlikely Activist Who Got to the Tea Party Early . . February 27, 2010 . April 27, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100419001130/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/28/us/politics/28keli.html/ . April 19, 2010 . live .
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  52. Web site: KIRO Tv . VIDEO: Dozens Gather At "Porkulus" Protest . February 16, 2009 . March 29, 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090425205726/http://www.kirotv.com/video/18727718/index.html . April 25, 2009 . mdy-all .
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  56. Web site: Gary Grado . Sonu Munshi . Hayley Ringle . More than 500 protest Obama's arrival . February 18, 2009 . April 2, 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090315052030/http://www.eastvalleytribune.com/story/135640 . March 15, 2009 .
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  75. https://web.archive.org/web/20090419113458/http://firstread.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2009/04/16/1895636.aspx "Tea Party Attendance 268,000+"
  76. Web site: Tea Party Nonpartisan Attendance Estimates: Now 300,000+. April 16, 2009. June 16, 2009. FiveThirtyEight. https://web.archive.org/web/20090701104454/http://www.fivethirtyeight.com/2009/04/tea-party-nonpartisan-attendance.html. July 1, 2009. live.
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  79. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/5160655/Tea-parties-take-place-across-US-against-tax-increases.html Tea parties' take place across US against tax increases"
  80. Web site: Tea party rally held in White Plains. westchester.news12.com. en. 2020-02-19.
  81. http://google.com/search?q=cache:miEurO8zZ1cJ:www.jacksonsun.com/article/20090425/NEWS01/904250311+%22Tea+Party+draws+hundreds%22+april+25&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us&client=safari Tea Party draws hundreds
  82. Web site: Tea Party supporters protest taxes in Monroe - HeraldNet.com - Everett and Snohomish County news. April 25, 2009. November 11, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160414050418/http://www.heraldnet.com/article/20090426/NEWS01/704269890. April 14, 2016. live.
  83. Web site: Hundreds attend rally downtown . WIVB-TV . May 9, 2009 . June 29, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090514005944/http://www.wivb.com/dpp/news/Hundreds_attend_rally_downtown_20090509 . May 14, 2009 . live .
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  85. Web site: Tea Party 'grass-roots politics at its best' . Dayton Daily News . May 29, 2009 . June 29, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160127093900/http://mobile.journal-news.com/rss.jsp?rssid=12387431&item=http%3a%2f%2fwww.journal-news.com%2fmobile-article-rss.do%3fsource%3d140149&cid=12387321 . January 27, 2016 . live .
  86. Web site: Gov. Gibbons joins tax opponents at rally . Reno Gazette-Journal . May 29, 2009 . June 29, 2009 .
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  90. Web site: Protesters prepare to parade through State House . The Providence Journal . June 10, 2009 . June 29, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100209065147/http://newsblog.projo.com/2009/06/tea-party-prote.html . February 9, 2010 . dead . mdy-all .
  91. Web site: 600 protest Pelosi in Houston . Politico . June 15, 2009 . June 30, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090618102031/http://www.politico.com/blogs/glennthrush/0609/600_protest_Pelosi_in_Houston.html . June 18, 2009 . live .
  92. Web site: Flag Day Attracts Patriotism, Political Activism . WLWT-TV . June 14, 2009 . June 29, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110716225545/http://www.wlwt.com/news/19750209/detail.html . July 16, 2011 . dead . mdy-all .
  93. Web site: Fair Tax plan wins big at convention . Detroit Free Press . June 14, 2009 . June 29, 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090617061008/http://www.freep.com/article/20090614/NEWS15/906140540/Fair+Tax+plan+wins+big+at+convention+ . June 17, 2009 .
  94. Web site: Ravalli Co. 'Tea Party' organizers deliver petitions . KPAX . June 16, 2009 . June 29, 2009 .
  95. Web site: Tea Party: 'Give me liberty, not debt' . Bradenton Herald . June 29, 2009 . June 29, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20091019185603/http://www.bradenton.com/847/story/1540693.html . October 19, 2009 . dead . mdy-all .
  96. Web site: Tea Party part II . Troy Record . June 16, 2009 . June 29, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120220121440/http://www.troyrecord.com/articles/2009/06/17/news/doc4a38fc1ae9eed243312894.txt . February 20, 2012 . live .
  97. http://www.theolympian.com/southsound/story/894731.html TEA Party steeped in messages
  98. Web site: Thousands Protest Obama Policies In Nashville . WTVF . June 29, 2009 . June 29, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090703211542/http://www.newschannel5.com/global/story.asp?s=10614208 . July 3, 2009 . dead .
  99. Web site: Teachout . Woden . "The Tea Party in Politics: Why the Event in Boston Harbor Keeps on Appealing to Conservatives", History News Network, June 29, 2009 . Hnn.us . October 18, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090703195801/http://hnn.us/articles/94858.html . July 3, 2009 . live .
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  102. Web site: Tea Parties Protest Health Care Bill . WXIA-TV . July 17, 2009 . July 20, 2009 .
  103. News: Tea Party Express Takes Washington By Storm . September 12, 2009 . Fox News . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090914153750/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/09/12/tea-party-express-arrives-march-washington-protest-government-spending/ . September 14, 2009 .
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  105. News: Georgians lead protest at Taxpayer March on Washington . Keefe . Bob . September 12, 2009 . . ajc.com . September 13, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090922184206/http://www.ajc.com/news/georgians-lead-protest-at-137117.html?imw=Y . September 22, 2009 . live .
  106. Web site: ABC News Was Misquoted on Crowd Size. September 12, 2009. ABC News. September 14, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090915193225/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/protest-crowd-size-estimate-falsely-attributed-abc-news/story?id=8558055. September 15, 2009. live.
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  110. News: . Latest tea party target: Its own convention . Reuters . January 29, 2010 . April 27, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100311205638/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE60S5S320100129 . March 11, 2010 . live .
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  115. News: Tea parties form a federation, but don't call them organized . Kathleen Hennessey . April 8, 2010 . Los Angeles Times . April 26, 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100820185223/http://articles.latimes.com/2010/apr/08/nation/la-na-tea-federation9-2010apr09 . August 20, 2010 . live .
  116. Web site: Letter to the Congressional Black Caucus from Tea Party Federation: Please Provide Evidence of Cannon N-Word Incident, National Tea Party Federation, April 24, 2010. June 4, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130121075350/http://www.thenationalteapartyfederation.com/uploads/NTPF_Letter_to_CBC.pdf. January 21, 2013. live.
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  118. Web site: 'N-Word' Sign Dogs Would-Be Tea Party Leader. David Weigel. January 4, 2010. Washington Independent. March 21, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100323142442/http://washingtonindependent.com/73036/n-word-sign-dogs-would-be-tea-party-leader. March 23, 2010. dead. mdy-all.
  119. News: Cat Slithers Out of Bag. Michael Tomasky. March 21, 2010. Guardian News. London. December 13, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160313055557/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/michaeltomasky/2010/mar/21/tea-party-movement-n-word-and-f-word. March 13, 2016. live.
  120. http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/local/2010/03/24/dollar-bill-throw.html Health-reform rally heckler says he's sorry and scared
  121. http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20001186-503544.html Tea Party Protestor Sorry for Mocking Man With Parkinson's Disease
  122. News: Racist epithets fly at tea party health protest. McClatchy News. HeraldNet.com. March 20, 2010. April 14, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100324052858/http://heraldnet.com/article/20100320/NEWS02/100329990. March 24, 2010. live.
  123. News: Allegations of spitting and slurs at Capitol protest merit more reporting . April 11, 2010 . Washington Post . April 14, 2010 . Andrew . Alexander . https://web.archive.org/web/20100608080713/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/09/AR2010040903716.html . June 8, 2010 . live .
  124. http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2010/03/20/protesters-hurl-slurs-and-spit-at-democrats/?fbid=WWi7WiVV_lP Protesters hurl slurs and spit at Democrats
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  126. News: AUDIO: Origin of Rep. Carson's racism accusation toward health care protesters. April 6, 2010. The Washington Times. July 18, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130503193109/http://www.washingtontimes.com/weblogs/watercooler/2010/apr/06/audio-rep-carson-first-peddles-out-racism-story-re/. May 3, 2013. live.
  127. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/04/13/politics/main6390592.shtml Tea Party, Dems Row Over N-Word Video "Evidence"
  128. https://web.archive.org/web/20120302143429/http://bigjournalism.com/abreitbart/2010/04/02/barack-obamas-helter-skelter-insane-clown-posse-alinsky-planes-to-deconstruct-america/ Andrew Breitbart, Big Journalism, April 2, 2010
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  130. http://mediamatters.org/video/2010/04/08/afl-cios-trumka-knocks-down-breitbarts-denials/162914 AFL-CIO's Trumka knocks down Breitbart's denials of racism at Tea Party protest
  131. http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2010/4/8/trumka-workers-labor-movement/ AFL-CIO President Stresses Important of Labor Movement
  132. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/04/08/afl-cio-head-vs-andrew-br_n_531018.html AFL-CIO Head vs. Andrew Breitbart On Tea Party Racism, Alleged Labor Attacks
  133. Boiling Mad: Inside Tea Party America; Kate Zernike; Macmillan Publishers; November 2010; pp. 138–39.
  134. News: Tea party not a racist movement, Biden says . July 19, 2010 . Associated Press . NBC News . November 11, 2011 .
  135. News: Herman Cain: I prove Tea Party isn't racist . May 31, 2011 . CBS News . November 11, 2011 . Brian . Montopoli . https://web.archive.org/web/20110906060631/http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20067671-503544.html . September 6, 2011 . live .
  136. News: Black Political Activists: Tea Party 'Not Racist' . August 4, 2010 . Fox News . November 11, 2011 . Jake . Gibson . https://web.archive.org/web/20111206194413/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2010/08/04/black-political-activists-tea-party-racist/ . December 6, 2011 . live .
  137. News: Tea Party: Not racist, just wary of government's reach . The Herald Sun . November 11, 2011 . Robert . McCartney . https://web.archive.org/web/20120403032017/http://www.heraldsun.com/view/full_story/7125472/article-Tea-Party--Not-racist--just-wary-of-government-s-reach . April 3, 2012 . dead . mdy-all .

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