Te Tai Tokerau Explained

Te Tai Tokerau
Parl Name:New Zealand House of Representatives
Map2:Te Tai Tokerau electorate, 2014
Map Entity:Te Tai Tokerau
Map Year:2014
Year:1996
Type:Single-member Māori
Party:Te Pāti Māori
Members Label:Current MP
Members:Mariameno Kapa-Kingi
Region:Auckland and Northland

Te Tai Tokerau is a New Zealand parliamentary Māori electorate that was created out of the Northern Maori electorate ahead of the first Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) election in 1996. It was held first by Tau Henare representing New Zealand First for one term, and then Dover Samuels of the Labour Party for two terms. From 2005 to 2014, it was held by MP Hone Harawira. Initially a member of the Māori Party, Harawira resigned from both the party and then Parliament, causing the 2011 by-election. He was returned under the Mana Party banner in July 2011 and confirmed at the November 2011 general election. In the, he was beaten by Labour's Kelvin Davis, ending the representation of the Mana Party in Parliament.

Population centres

Te Tai Tokerau's boundaries are similar to those of the pre-Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) Northern Maori electorate. Te Tai Tokerau was created ahead of the first MMP election in 1996. In the 2002 boundary redistribution, the size of the electorate shrank to make room for an increase in the number of Māori electorates from six to seven.[1] The boundaries were not further altered in the 2007 or 2013/14 redistributions.[2] [3]

Te Tai Tokerau is the northernmost Māori electorate, and covers an area between Cape Reinga in the Far North of the North Island to a boundary cutting through West Auckland. The major population centres are Whangārei, the Bay of Islands and north and west Auckland. The electorate contains all of the Ngāpuhi, Te Aupōuri, Ngāti Kuri, Te Rarawa and Ngāti Kahu tribal areas, and part of Ngāti Whātua's territory (rohe).

Its analogous general electorates are,,,,,,,, most of, part of and some of the islands located within .[4]

History

Northern Maori had been held by the Labour Party since the 1938 election, when longstanding Reform MP Taurekareka Henare was beaten by Labour's Paraire Karaka Paikea.[5] In 1993, after 55 years of his party holding the seat, Labour MP Bruce Gregory was beaten by Henare's great-grandson, Tau Henare, standing for New Zealand First, ending Labour's unbroken hold on the four Māori seats. Henare went on to win Te Tai Tokerau after the switch to MMP, and New Zealand First won all five of the newly drawn Māori electorates.

After a tumultuous parliamentary term which saw all but one of the five New Zealand First Māori MPs defect to other parties, (including Henare himself, who went on to found Mauri Pacific), Labour won all six Māori electorates contested at the 1999 election. In Te Tai Tokerau, Tau Henare was beaten into third place behind the New Zealand First candidate and Dover Samuels, who Henare had beaten three years previous.

However, Labour's losing the five Māori electorates in 1996 showed that the Māori vote was contestable for the first time in five decades, as the new electoral system coupled with the rise of small parties meant that non-Labour candidacy in these seats was more feasible than under First Past the Post.

The New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy of 2004–05 proved to be the catalyst for the second challenge to Labour party domination of the Māori electorates, this time from the Māori Party. At the 2005 election, Samuels and three other Labour Māori MPs lost their seats to Māori Party challengers. In Te Tai Tokerau, the winner was Hone Harawira.[6] [7]

Harawira resigned from the Māori Party in early 2011 and became an independent MP. On 11 May 2011, he resigned from Parliament effective 20 May, seeking a mandate for his new party, the Mana Party.[8] [9] This caused the 25 June 2011 by-election, which was contested by five parties, with the main contenders Harawira, Kelvin Davis (Labour Party) and Solomon Tipene (Māori Party). Harawira retained the electorate with a majority of 1,117,[10] his previous majority being over 6,000.[11] In the 2011 general election some months later, Harawira had a similar majority to Davis.[12]

The Mana Party formed a coalition with the Internet Party just prior to the 2014 New Zealand general election. The coalition was registered with the Electoral Commission as the Internet Party and Mana Movement in July 2014, allowing it to contest the party vote.[13] The Internet Party was founded by controversial online millionaire Kim Dotcom, and this strategic coalition resulted in Harawira's main opponent, Labour's Kelvin Davis, getting endorsements from Winston Peters of New Zealand First[14] and the Prime Minister, John Key of the National Party.[15] Even the electorate's candidate for the Māori Party, Te Hira Paenga, reminded voters of the importance of strategic voting.[16] In his fourth challenge in the Te Tai Tokerau electorate, Davis ousted the incumbent Harawira, which ended the representation of the Mana Party in Parliament.[17]

Members of Parliament

Key

width=100ElectionWinner
width=5 bgcolor=Tau Henare
bgcolor=
Dover Samuels
Hone Harawira
bgcolor=
Kelvin Davis
Mariameno Kapa-Kingi

List MPs

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested Te Tai Tokerau. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

width=100ElectionWinner
width=5 bgcolor=Joe Hawke
bgcolor=Dover Samuels
Kelvin Davis1
2014
bgcolor=Kelvin Davis
bgcolor=Hūhana Lyndon
1Kelvin Davis also contested the, and re-entered Parliament on 23 May 2014 following Shane Jones' resignation.

Election results

2011 election

1Swings against both Harawira (Mana Party) and Shortland (Māori Party) are calculated against Harawira's Māori Party vote in

Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 33,797[18]

1996 election

Notes and References

  1. Book: Report of the Representation Commission 2002 . 0-478-20169-9 . Representation Commission . 2 October 2014 . 11 . PDF . 21 March 2002.
  2. Book: Report of the Representation Commission 2007 . 978-0-477-10414-2 . Representation Commission . 2 October 2014 . 11 . PDF . 14 September 2007.
  3. Book: Report of the Representation Commission 2014 . 978-0-477-10414-2 . Representation Commission . 2 October 2014 . 11 . PDF . 4 April 2014.
  4. Web site: Electorate Boundaries . Elections New Zealand . 6 July 2017.
  5. Book: Scholefield, Guy . New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 . Guy Scholefield . 3rd . First ed. published 1913 . 1950 . Govt. Printer . Wellington . 131.
  6. Web site: Hone Harawira . New Zealand Parliament . 3 December 2011.
  7. Web site: Official Count Results – Te Tai Tokerau. Chief Electoral Office, Wellington . 3 December 2011.
  8. Web site: Harawira resigns from Parliament . 11 May 2011 . 11 May 2011.
  9. http://www.elections.org.nz/voting/te-tai-tokerau-by-election/te-tai-tokerau-by-election-results.html
  10. Web site: Official Count Results – Te Tai Tokerau . New Zealand Electoral Commission . 3 December 2011.
  11. Web site: Official Count Results – Te Tai Tokerau . Chief Electoral Office, Wellington . 3 December 2011.
  12. Web site: Official Count Results – Te Tai Tokerau . . 20 September 2014. 20 April 2015.
  13. Web site: Registration of Internet Party and MANA Movement logo . . 24 July 2014 . 8 August 2014.
  14. News: Bennett . Adam . Election 2014: Winston Peters hits out at National after big poll surge . 3 October 2014 . . 21 September 2014.
  15. News: McQuillan. Laura. Key's subtle endorsement for Kelvin Davis. 3 October 2014. Newstalk ZB. 17 September 2014.
  16. News: Davis picking up endorsements . 3 October 2014 . Radio Waatea . 19 September 2014.
  17. News: Smith . Simon . Davis' win a critical blow for Harawira, Internet Mana . 30 September 2014 . . 20 September 2014.
  18. Web site: Enrolment statistics . Electoral Commission . 26 November 2011 . 27 November 2011.