Aranama language explained
| Aranama |
| Nativename: | Tamique |
| States: | Texas |
| Ethnicity: | Aranama, Tamique |
| Extinct: | late 19th century |
| Familycolor: | American |
| Family: | unclassified |
| Iso3: | xrt |
| Linglist: | xrt |
| Glotto: | aran1265 |
| Glottorefname: | Aranama |
Aranama (Araname), also known as Tamique, is an extinct unclassified language of Texas, USA. It was spoken by the Aranama and Tamique peoples at the Franciscan mission of Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga. It is only known from a two-word phrase from a non-native speaker: himiána tsáyi 'give me water!'.[1] Variations on the name are Taranames, Jaranames ~ Xaranames ~ Charinames, Chaimamé, Hanáma ~ Hanáme.[2]
Known words
In 1884, Albert Gatschet recorded one word and a two-word phrase from "Old Simon," a Tonkawa man who also served as an informant for the Karankawa language, of which a short vocabulary was recorded. According to Old Simon, the words were from a language that he referred to as "Hanáma" (or "Háname"):[3]
- himiyána ‘water’
- Himiána tsýi! ‘Give me water!’
Lexical comparison
Below is a comparison of selected words from Zamponi (2024):[4]
See also
Notes and References
- Swanton. John Reed. 1940. Linguistic material from the tribes of southern Texas and northeastern Mexico. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin. 127. 1–145. 10088/15429.
- Craig H. Roell, "NUESTRA SENORA DEL ESPIRITU SANTO DE ZUNIGA MISSION," Handbook of Texas Online https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/uqn16, accessed July 12, 2012. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
- Book: Mithun, Marianne . Marianne Mithun . Campbell . Lyle . Lyle Campbell . 2017 . Language Isolates of North America . Language Isolates . Routledge Language Family Series . London . Routledge . 193–228 . 10.4324/9781315750026. 9781315750026 .
- Book: Zamponi, Raoul . The Languages and Linguistics of Indigenous North America . Unclassified languages . De Gruyter . 2024 . 978-3-11-071274-2 . 10.1515/9783110712742-061 . 1627–1648 .
- Troike, Rudolph C. 1996. "Sketch of Coahuilteco, a language isolate of Texas". In Ives Goddard (ed.), Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 17: Languages, 644–665. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.
- Swanton, John R. 1940. Linguistic material from the tribes of Southern Texas and Northeastern Mexico. (Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 127). Washington: Government Printing Office.
- Hoijer, Harry; Thomas R. Wier (editor). 2018. Tonkawa texts: a new linguistic edition. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
- Gatschet, Albert S. & John R. Swanton. 1932. Dictionary of the Atakapa language accompanied by text material. (Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 108). Washington: Government Printing Office.
- Grant, Anthony P. 1994. Karankawa linguistic materials. Kansas Working Papers in Linguistics 19(2). 1–56.
