Communist Party of India explained

Party Name:Communist Party of India
Abbreviation:CPI
Party Flag:CPI-banner.svg
Party Logo:Communist Party of India Symbol.png
General Secretary:D. Raja
Ppchairman:Vacant
Loksabha Leader:K. Subbarayan
Rajyasabha Leader:Binoy Viswam
Foundation: (disputed)
Headquarters:Ajoy Bhavan
15, Indrajit Gupta Marg, New Delhi, Delhi, India
Eci:State Party[1]
Position:Left-wing[2] to far-left[3]
Students:All India Students' Federation
Youth:All India Youth Federation
Women:National Federation of Indian Women
Labour:
Peasants:All India Kisan Sabha
Membership: 650,000 (2022)[4] [5]
Colours: Red
State Seats Name:State legislatures
State2 Seats: (Bihar)

The Communist Party of India (CPI) is the oldest communist party in India. The CPI was founded in modern-day Kanpur on 26 December 1925.[6] [7] [8]

Although the CPI considers its formation date as 1925, the Communist Party of India (Marxist), which split from CPI in 1964, is of the view that CPI was founded on 17 October 1920. There is a disagreement between the two parties on this topic.[9]

Currently, it has two members in Lok Sabha and two members in Rajya Sabha. In addition, it has 22 MLAs across four states and one MLC in Bihar. It has the current ECI status of a state party in Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Manipur.[10]

CPI was heavily involved in resistance to British colonisation, the fight against the caste system and for land reform.[11] Between 1921 and 1933, many Communist leaders were arrested and imprisoned. In 1934, the British colonial administration banned the Communist Party and its affiliated trade union and peasant organisations, making membership a criminal offence.[12] The Communist Party continued its activities clandestinely, despite the repression. Between 1946 and 1951, it structured the peasant revolt in Telangana and organised guerrilla warfare against the feudal lords. CPI was the main opposition party in India during the 1950s to 1960s.[13]

CPI was part of the ruling United Front government from 1996 to 1998 and had two ministers under Devegowda and Gujral Ministry. Left Front gave outside support to VP Singh government (1989–90) and UPA government (2004–2009). The Left Front governed West Bengal for 34 years (1977–2011) and Tripura for 25 years (1993–2018).[14]

As of December 2023, the CPI is a part of the state government in Kerala led by LDF. CPI have four Cabinet Ministers and a Deputy Speaker in Kerala. In Tamil Nadu, it is in power with SPA coalition led by DMK. In Telangana, it is in alliance with the INC.[15]

CPI, along with the Left Front, is part of the INDIA bloc formed to defeat the incumbent BJP-led right-wing NDA government in 2024 General elections.[16]

History

Formation

The Communist Party of India was formed on 26 December 1925 at the first Party Conference in Kanpur, which was then known as Cawnpore. Its founders included M. N. Roy, his wife Evelyn Trent, Abani Mukherji, and M. P. T. Acharya.[17] S. V. Ghate was the first General Secretary of CPI. There were many communist groups formed by Indians with the help of foreigners in different parts of the world, Tashkent group of Contacts were made with Anushilan and Jugantar the groups in Bengal, and small communist groups were formed in Bombay (led by S. A. Dange), Madras (led by Singaravelu), United Provinces (led by Shaukat Usmani), Punjab, Sindh (led by Ghulam Hussain) and Bengal (led by Muzaffar Ahmed).

There is a dispute on the year of formation of CPI. The Communist Party of India (Marxist) which split from CPI in 1964, considers 17 October 1920 as the founding day of Communist Party of India. On this day, M. N. Roy, Evelyn Trent-Roy, Abani Mukherji, Rosa Fitingov, Mohd. Ali, Mohd. Shafiq, and M. P. T. Acharya met in Tashkent to form the communist movement in India. Though 1920 and 1925 both dates are insignificant, because on both of these occasions, the CPI did not adopt a "Party Constitution", which was a foremost prerequisite required to be considered for the membership of the Communist International. The CPI considers 1925 as their founding day, but CPI(M) thinks 1920 as the year, when communist movement in India was founded. There is a technical dispute between both parties on this issue.

Involvement in independence struggle

During the 1920s and the early 1930s the party was poorly organised, and in practice there were several communist groups working with limited national co-ordination. The government banned all communist activity, which made the task of building a united party difficult. Between 1921 and 1924, there were three conspiracy trials against the communist movement: the Peshawar Conspiracy Cases, the Meerut Conspiracy Case, and the Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy Case. In the first three cases, Russian-trained muhajir communists were put on trial. However, the Cawnpore (now spelt Kanpur) trial had more political impact. On 17 March 1924, Shripad Amrit Dange, M. N. Roy, Muzaffar Ahmad, Nalini Gupta, Shaukat Usmani, Malayapuram Singaravelu, Ghulam Hussain, and R. C. Sharma were charged, in Cawnpore Bolshevik Conspiracy case. The specific pip charge was that they as communists were seeking "to deprive the King Emperor of his sovereignty of British India, by complete separation of India from Britain by a violent revolution." Pages of newspapers daily splashed sensational communist plans and people for the first time learned, on such a large scale, about communism and its doctrines and the aims of the Communist International in India.[18]

Singaravelu Chettiar was released on account of illness. M. N. Roy was in Germany and R. C. Sharma in French Pondichéry, and therefore could not be arrested. Ghulam Hussain confessed that he had received money from the Russians in Kabul and was pardoned. Muzaffar Ahmed, Nalini Gupta, Shaukat Usmani and Dange were sentenced for various terms of imprisonment. This case was responsible for actively introducing communism to a larger Indian audience.[18] Dange was released from prison in 1927. Rahul Dev Pal was a prominent communist leader.

On 26 December 1925, a communist conference was organised in Kanpur.[19] Government authorities estimated that 500 persons took part in the conference. The conference was convened by a man called Satya Bhakta. At the conference Satyabhakta argued for a 'National communism' and against subordination under the Comintern. Being outvoted by the other delegates, Satyabhakta left the conference venue in protest. The conference adopted the name 'Communist Party of India'. Groups such as Labour Kisan Party of Hindustan (LKPH) dissolved into the CPI.[20] The émigré CPI, which probably had little organic character anyway, was effectively substituted by the organisation now operating inside India.

Soon after the 1926 conference of the Workers and Peasants Party of Bengal, the underground CPI directed its members to join the provincial Workers and Peasants Parties. All open communist activities were carried out through Workers and Peasants Parties.[21]

The sixth congress of the Communist International met in 1928. In 1927 the Kuomintang had turned on the Chinese communists, which led to a review of the policy on forming alliances with the national bourgeoisie in the colonial countries. The Colonial theses of the 6th Comintern congress called upon the Indian communists to combat the 'national-reformist leaders' and to 'unmask the national reformism of the Indian National Congress and oppose all phrases of the Swarajists, Gandhists, etc. about passive resistance'.[22] The congress did however differentiate between the character of the Chinese Kuomintang and the Indian Swarajist Party, considering the latter as neither a reliable ally nor a direct enemy. The congress called on the Indian communists to use the contradictions between the national bourgeoisie and the British imperialists.[23] The congress also denounced the WPP. The Tenth Plenum of the executive committee of the Communist International, 3 July 192919 July 1929, directed the Indian communists to break with WPP. When the communists deserted it, the WPP fell apart.[24]

On 20 March 1929, arrests against WPP, CPI and other labour leaders were made in several parts of India, in what became known as the Meerut Conspiracy Case. The communist leadership was now put behind bars. The trial proceedings were to last for four years.[25] [26]

As of 1934, the main centres of activity of CPI were Bombay, Calcutta and Punjab. The party had also begun extending its activities to Madras. A group of Andhra and Tamil students, amongst them P. Sundarayya, were recruited to the CPI by Amir Hyder Khan.[27]

The party was reorganised in 1933, after the communist leaders from the Meerut trials were released. A central committee of the party was set up. In 1934 the party was accepted as the Indian section of the Communist International.[28]

When Indian left-wing elements formed the Congress Socialist Party in 1934, the CPI branded it as Social Fascist.[22]

The League Against Gandhism, initially known as the Gandhi Boycott Committee, was a political organisation in Calcutta, founded by the underground Communist Party of India and others to launch militant anti-Imperialist activities. The group took the name 'League Against Gandhism' in 1934.[29]

In connection with the change of policy of the Comintern toward popular front politics, the Indian communists changed their relation to the Indian National Congress. The communists joined the Congress Socialist Party, which worked as the left-wing of Congress. Through joining CSP, the CPI accepted the CSP demand for a Constituent Assembly, which it had denounced two years before. The CPI however analysed that the demand for a Constituent Assembly would not be a substitute for soviets.[30]

In July 1937, clandestine meeting held at Calicut.[31] Five persons were present at the meeting, P. Krishna Pillai, K. Damodaran, E.M.S. Namboodiripad, N. C. Sekhar and S.V. Ghate.The first four were members of the CSP in Kerala. The CPI in Kerala was formed on 31 December 1939 with the Pinarayi Conference.[32] The latter, Ghate, was a CPI Central Committee member, who had arrived from Madras.[33] Contacts between the CSP in Kerala and the CPI had begun in 1935, when P. Sundarayya (CC member of CPI, based in Madras at the time) met with EMS and Krishna Pillai. Sundarayya and Ghate visited Kerala at several times and met with the CSP leaders there. The contacts were facilitated through the national meetings of the Congress, CSP and All India Kisan Sabha.[27]

In 1936–1937, the co-operation between socialists and communists reached its peak. At the 2nd congress of the CSP, held in Meerut in January 1936, a thesis was adopted which declared that there was a need to build 'a united Indian Socialist Party based on Marxism-Leninism'.[34] At the 3rd CSP congress, held in Faizpur, several communists were included into the CSP National Executive Committee.[35]

Two communists, E.M.S. Namboodiripad and Z.A. Ahmed, became All India joint secretaries of CSP. The CPI also had two other members inside the CSP executive.[30]

On the occasion of the 1940 Ramgarh Congress Conference, CPI released a declaration called Proletarian Path, which sought to use the weakened state of the British Empire in the time of war and gave a call for general strike, no-tax, no-rent policies and mobilising for an armed revolutionary uprising. The National Executive of the CSP assembled at Ramgarh took a decision that all communists were expelled from CSP.[36]

In July 1942, the CPI was legalised, as a result of Britain and the Soviet Union becoming allies against Nazi Germany.[37] Communists strengthened their control over the All India Trade Union Congress. At the same time, communists were politically cornered for their opposition to the Quit India Movement.[38] [39]

CPI contested the Provincial Legislative Assembly elections of 1946 on its own. It had candidates in 108 out of 1585 seats, winning in eight seats. In total, the CPI vote counted 666 723, which should be seen with the backdrop that 86% of the adult population of India lacked voting rights. The party had contested three seats in Bengal, and won all of them. One CPI candidate, Somnath Lahiri, was elected to the Constituent Assembly.[40]

The Communist Party of India opposed the partition of India and did not participate in the Independence Day celebrations of 15 August 1947 in protest at the division of the country.[41]

After independence

During the period around and directly following Independence in 1947, the internal situation in the party was chaotic. The party shifted rapidly between left-wing and right-wing positions. In February 1948, at the 2nd Party Congress in Calcutta, B. T. Ranadive (BTR) was elected General Secretary of the party.[42] The conference adopted the 'Programme of Democratic Revolution'. This programme included the first mention of struggle against caste injustice in a CPI document.[43]

In several areas the party led armed struggles against a series of local monarchs that were reluctant to give up their power. Such insurgencies took place in Tripura, Telangana and Kerala.[44] The most important rebellion took place in Telangana, against the Nizam of Hyderabad. The Communists built up a people's army and militia and controlled an area with a population of three million. The rebellion was brutally crushed and the party abandoned the policy of armed struggle. BTR was deposed and denounced as a 'left adventurist'.

In Manipur, the party became a force to reckon with through the agrarian struggles led by Jananeta Irawat Singh. Singh had joined CPI in 1946.[45] At the 1951 congress of the party, 'People's Democracy' was substituted by 'National Democracy' as the main slogan of the party.[46]

Communist Party was founded in Bihar in 1939. Post independence, communist party achieved success in Bihar (Bihar and Jharkhand). Communist party conducted movements for land reform, trade union movement was at its peak in Bihar in the sixties, seventies and eighties. Achievement of communists in Bihar placed the communist party in the forefront of left movement in India.[47] Bihar produced some of the legendary leaders like Kishan leaders Sahajanand Saraswati and Karyanand Sharma, intellectual giants like Jagannath Sarkar, Yogendra Sharma and Indradeep Sinha, mass leaders like Chandrasekhar Singh and Sunil Mukherjee, Trade Union leaders like Kedar Das and others.[48] In the Mithila region of Bihar Bhogendra Jha led the fight against the Mahants and Zamindars. He later went on the win Parliamentary elections and was MP for seven terms.[49] [50]

In theearly 1950s young communist leadership was uniting textile workers, bank employees and unorganised sector workers to ensure mass support in north India. National leaders like S A Dange, Chandra Rajeswara Rao and P K Vasudevan Nair were encouraging them and supporting the idea despite their differences on the execution. Firebrand Communist leaders like Homi F. Daji, Guru Radha Kishan, H L Parwana, Sarjoo Pandey, Darshan Singh Canadian and Avtaar Singh Malhotra were emerging between the masses and the working class in particular.[51] This was the first leadership of communists that was very close to the masses and people consider them champions of the cause of the workers and the poor.

In 1952, CPI became the first leading opposition party in the 1st Lok Sabha, while the Indian National Congress was in power.[52]

In the 1952 Travancore-Cochin Legislative Assembly election, Communist Party was banned, so it couldn't take part in the election process.[53] In the general elections in 1957, the CPI emerged as the largest opposition party. In 1957, the CPI won the state elections in Kerala. This was the first time that an opposition party won control over an Indian state. E. M. S. Namboodiripad became Chief Minister. At the 1957 international meeting of Communist parties in Moscow, the Chinese Communist Party directed criticism at the CPI for having formed a ministry in Kerala.[54]

Liberation of Dadra-Nagar Haveli

The Communist Party of India, along with its units in Bombay, Maharashtra and Gujarat, decided to start armed operations in the area in the July 1954. Both the areas were liberated by the beginning of August. Communist leaders like Narayan Palekar, Parulekar, Vaz, Rodriguez, Cunha and others emerged as the famous Communist leaders of this movement. Thereafter, the struggle to liberate Daman and Diu was begun by the Communist Party in Gujarat and other forces.[55]

Goa Satyagraha

The countrywide Goa satyagraha of 1955–56 is among the unforgettable pages in the history of freedom struggle, in which the Communists played a major and memorable role. The CPI decided to send batches of satyahrahis since the middle of 1955 to the borders of Goa and even inside. Many were killed, many more others arrested and sent to jails inside Goa and inhumanly treated. Many others were even sent to jails in Portugal and were brutally tortured.The satyagraha was led and conducted by a joint committee known as Goa Vimochan Sahayak Samiti. S.A. Dange, Senapati Bapat, S.G. Sardesai, Nana Patil and several others were among the prominent leaders of the Samiti. Satyagraha began on 10 May 1955, and soon became a countrywide movement.[56]

Ideological differences led to the split in the party in 1964 when two different party conferences were held, one of CPI and one of the Communist Party of India (Marxist).[57]

During the period between 1970 and 1977, CPI was allied with the Congress party. In Kerala, they formed a government together with Congress as part of a coalition known as the United Front, with the CPI-leader C. Achutha Menon as Chief Minister. This government continued governing throughout the emergency period and was responsible for the many acts of repression throughout the period carried out against political opponents in the guise of fighting naxals, manifesting most infamously in the Rajan case. The United Front government also used this opportunity to pursue class struggle by punishing those from the managerial classes, money lenders, bosses with anti-labour stances, ration shopkeepers and truckers engaged in black marketing, under stringent provisions of MISA and DIR.[58]

In the 1980s, CPI opposed the Khalistan movement at Punjab.[59] [60] [61] [62] In 1986, CPI's leader in Punjab and MLA in the Punjabi legislature Darshan Singh Canadian was assassinated by Sikh extremists. Altogether about 200 communist leaders out of which most were Sikhs were killed by Sikh extremists in Punjab.[63] [64]

Present situation

CPI was recognised by the Election Commission of India as a 'National Party'. Until 2022, CPI happened to be the only national political party from India to have contested all the general elections using the same electoral symbol. Owing to a massive defeat in 2019 Indian general election where the party saw its tally reduced to two MPs, the Election Commission of India sent a letter to CPI asking for reasons why its national party status should not be revoked.[65] [66] [67] [68] [69] Due to repeated poor performances in elections, Election Commission of India withdrew its national party status on 10 April 2023.

On the national level, they supported the Indian National Congress-led United Progressive Alliance government along with other parliamentary Left parties, but without taking part in it. Upon attaining power in May 2004, the United Progressive Alliance formulated a programme of action known as the Common Minimum Programme.[70] [71] The Left bases its support to the UPA on strict adherence to it. Provisions of the CMP mentioned to discontinue disinvestment, massive social sector outlays and an independent foreign policy.

On 8 July 2008, the General Secretary of CPI(M), Prakash Karat, announced that the Left was withdrawing its support over the decision by the government to go ahead with the United States-India Peaceful Atomic Energy Cooperation Act. The Left parties combination had been a staunch advocate of not proceeding with this deal citing national interests.[72]

In West Bengal, the CPI participates in the Left Front. It also participated in the state government in Manipur. In Kerala, the party is part of Left Democratic Front. In Tripura the party is a partner of the Left Front, which governed the state until 2018. In Tamil Nadu it is part of the Secular Progressive Alliance and in Bihar it is the part of Mahagathbandhan. It is involved in the Left Democratic Front in Maharashtra. In February 2022, CPI and Congress formed an alliance in Manipur named Manipur Progressive Secular Alliance.[73] [74] The current general secretary of CPI is D. Raja.

Presence in states

As of 2020, the CPI is a part of the state government in Kerala. Pinarayi Vijayan is Chief Minister of Kerala.[75] CPI have four Cabinet Ministers in Kerala. In Tamil Nadu, it is in power with SPA coalition led by M. K. Stalin. The Left Front governed West Bengal for 34 years (1977–2011) and Tripura for 25 years (1993–2018)

State Governments

S.NoState/Govt SinceChief MinisterAllianceCoalition Seats in AssemblyLast election
PortraitNamePartySeatsSince
126 May 2016Pinarayi VijayanCPI(M)6226 May 2016Left Democratic Front6 April 2021
27 May 2021M. K. StalinDMK1337 May 2021Secular Progressive Alliance6 April 2021
3Telangana7 December 2023Revanth ReddyINC757 December 2023INC+30 November 2023
Seats won by CPI in state legislative assemblies
State legislative assemblyLast electionContested
seats
Seats wonAllianceResult
Bihar Legislative Assembly20206Mahagathbandhan[76]
Kerala Legislative Assembly202123Left Democratic Front[77]
Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly20216Secular Progressive Alliance[78]
Telangana Legislative Assembly20231INC+[79]

List of members of parliament

List of Rajya Sabha (Upper House) members

See main article: List of Rajya Sabha members.

No.NameStateDate of appointmentDate of retirement
1P. P. SuneerKerala
2P. Sandosh KumarKerala

List of Lok Sabha (Lower House) members

No.NameConstituencyState
1K. SubbarayanTiruppurTamil Nadu
2Selvaraj VNagapattinamTamil Nadu

Leadership

The 24th Party Congress of Communist Party of India was held from 14 to 18 October 2022 in Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh.[81]

General Secretary

National Secretariat

  1. D. Raja
  2. Amarjeet Kaur
  3. K. Narayana
  4. Bhalchandra Kango
  5. Pallab Sen Gupta
  6. Binoy Viswam
  7. Syed Azeez Pasha
  8. Nagendra Nath Ojha
  9. Rama Krushna Panda
  10. Annie Raja[82]
  11. Girish Chandra Sharma[83]

List of General secretaries and Chairmen of CPI

Article XXXII of the party constitution says:

"The tenure of the General Secretary and Deputy General Secretary, if any, and State Secretaries is limited to two consecutive terms—a term being of not less than two years. In exceptional cases, the unit concerned may decide by three-fourth majority through secret ballot to allow two more terms. In case such a motion is adopted that comrade also can contest in the election along with other candidates. As regards the tenure of the office-bearers at district and lower levels, the state councils will frame rules where necessary."[84]

General secretaries and Chairmen[85] [86] [87] [88] [89]

! Number !! Photo !! Name !! Tenure

1st1925–1933
2nd1933–1935
3rd1936–1948
4th1948–1950
5th1950–1951, 1964–1990
6th1951–1962
Chairman1962–1981
7th1962–1964
8th1990–1996
9th1996–2012
10th2012–2019
11th2019–Incumbent

Party Congress

Party Congress [90] [91] [92] [93] [94] [95] [96] [97] [98] [99] [100] [101] [102] [103] [104] ! Party Congress !! Year !! Place
Founding Conference 1925 December 25 – 28 Cawnpore
1st 1943 May 23–1 June Bombay
1948 February 28–6 March Calcutta
3rd1953 December 27 – 1954 January 4Madurai
4th1956 April 19 – 29 Palghat
5th1958 April 6 – 13 Amritsar
6th1961 April 7 – 16 Vijayawada
7th1964 December 13 – 23Bombay
8th1968 February 7 – 15Patna
9th1971 October 3 – 10 Cochin
10th1975 January 27–2 FebruaryVijayawada
11th1978 March 31–7 AprilBathinda
12th1982 March 22 – 28 Varanasi
13th1986 March 2 – 17Patna
14th1989 March 6 – 12Calcutta
15th1992 April 10 – 16Hyderabad
16th1995 October 7 – 11Delhi
17th 1998 September 14 – 19Chennai
18th 2002 March 26 – 31Thiruvananthapuram
19th 2005 March 29–3 AprilChandigarh
20th 2008 March 23 – 27Hyderabad
21st 2012 March 27 – 31Patna
22nd 2015 March 25 – 29Puducherry
23rd 2018 April 25 – 29Kollam
24th 2022 October 14 – 18Vijayawada

Principal mass organisations

In Tripura, the Ganamukti Parishad is a major mass organisation amongst the Tripuri peoples of the state.

Former chief ministers

Former chief ministers[105] [106] [107] ! Photo !! Name !! Tenure !! State
(1957 1959)Kerala
(1969 1970; 1970 1977)
(1978 1979)

Notable leaders

General election results

Year! style="width:15%; background:#f00; color:white;"
Total Lok Sabha constituenciesSeats won / contestedChange in seatsTotal votesPercentage of votesChange in vote %
First1951−52489 New 3,487,401 3.29% New[108]
Second1957494 11 10,754,075 8.92% 5.63%[109]
Third1962494 2 11,450,037 9.94% 1.02%[110]
Fourth1967520 6 7,458,396 5.11% 4.83%[111]
Fifth1971518 6,933,627 4.73% 0.38%[112]
Sixth1977542 16 5,322,088 2.82% 1.91%[113]
Seventh1980529 (542*) 3 4,927,342 2.49% 0.33%[114]
Eighth1984541 4 6,733,117 2.70% 0.21%[115] [116]
Ninth1989529 6 7,734,697 2.57% 0.13%[117]
Tenth1991534 2 6,898,340 2.48% 0.09%[118] [119]
Eleventh1996543 2 6,582,263 1.97% 0.51%[120]
Twelfth1998543 3 6,429,569 1.75% 0.22%[121]
Thirteenth1999543 5 5,395,119 1.48% 0.27%[122]
Fourteenth2004543 6 5,484,111 1.41% 0.07%[123]
Fifteenth2009543 6 5,951,888 1.43% 0.02%[124]
Sixteenth2014543 3 4,327,298 0.78% 0.65%[125]
Seventeenth2019543 13,576,1840.58%
0.20%
[126] [127]
Eighteenth20245433,132,6830.49%
0.09%
[128] [129]
State No. of candidates 2019 No. of elected 2019 No. of candidates 2014 No. of elected 2014 No. of candidates 2009 No. of elected 2009 Total no. of seats in the state
2 0 1 0 2 0 (25)(2014)/42(2009)
0 0 0 0 0 0 2
2 0 1 0 3 0 14
2 0 2 0 7 0 40
1 0 2 0 1 0 11
0 0 2 0 2 0 2
10 1 0 1 0 26
1 0 2 0 1 0 10
00 0 0 0 0 4
00 0 0 1 0 6
30 3 0 3 0 14
10 3 0 1 0 28
40 4 1 4 0 20
40 5 0 3 0 29
20 4 0 3 0 48
10 1 0 1 0 2
00 1 0 1 0 2
00 0 0 0 0 1
00 0 0 0 0 1
10 4 0 1 1 21
20 5 0 2 0 13
30 3 0 2 0 25
00 0 0 0 0 1
22 8 0 3 1 39
00 0 0 0 0 2
20 17
120 8 0 9 0 80
00 1 0 1 0 5
30 3 0 3 2 42
Union Territories:
00 0 0 0 0 1
00 0 0 0 0 1
00 0 0 0 0 1
00 0 0 0 0 1
Delhi 00 1 0 1 0 7
1[130] 0 1 0 0 0 1
00 1 0 0 0 1
Total: 50 2 67 1 56 4 543
[126] [127] [131] [132]

State Legislative assembly results

YearStateTotal
assembly seats
Seats won /
Seats contested
Change
in seats
VotesVote %Change in
vote %
2023Telangana119180,3360.340.07
Chhattisgarh906,5940.04
2022Uttar Pradesh40364,0110.07% 0.09%
Uttarakhand702,3250.04%
Manipur601,0320.06% 0.68%
Himachal Pradesh686270.01% 0.03%
Punjab1177,4400.05%
Gujarat1822,6880.01% 0.01%
Rowspan=52021Assam12627,2900.84% 0.14%
Kerala140 21,579,2357.58% 0.54%
Puducherry307,5220.90% 0.2%
Tamil Nadu234 2504,5371.09% 0.3%
West Bengal294 1118,6550.20% 1.25%
2020Bihar243 2349,4890.83% 0.57%
Rowspan=42019Andhra Pradesh17534,7460.11%
Jharkhand8168,5890.46% 0.43%
Maharashtra28835,1880.06% 0.07%
Odisha14729,2350.12% 0.39%
2018Chhattisgarh9048,2550.34% 0.32%
Rajasthan20042,8200.12% 0.06%
Tripura60 119,3520.82% 0.85%

Results from the Election Commission of India website. Results do not deal with partitions of states, defections and by-elections during the mandate period.

See also

Further reading

Primary sources

Notes and References

  1. Web site: NCP, TMC and CPI lose national party status, AAP earns coveted tag Dated 10.04.2023. India Today. 10 April 2023. India. 2013. 10 April 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230410142934/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/election-commission-withdraws-national-party-status-of-tmc-cpi-2358245-2023-04-10. live.
    • Web site: Manipur: CPI State Secretary, Blogger Arrested over CAA Protests . . 24 December 2019 . 25 December 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191225152639/https://thewire.in/rights/manipur-arrests-cpi-secretary-caa-protests . live .
    • News: India's election results were more than a 'Modi wave' . . 31 May 2019 . 31 May 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190531123638/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/05/31/indias-election-results-were-more-than-modi-wave/ . live .
    • Book: Klaus Voll, Doreen Beierlein . Rising India – Europe's Partner?: Foreign and Security Policy, Politics, Economics, Human Rights and Social Issues, Media, Civil Society and Intercultural Dimensions . . Mosaic Books. 2006 . 387 . 978-3-899-98098-1 .
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