Talian dialect explained

Talian
Nativename:taliàn
States:Brazil[1] (co-official language in Serafina Corrêa and Flores da Cunha)
Speakers:500,000
Date:no date
Familycolor:Indo-European
Fam2:Italic
Fam3:Latino-Faliscan
Fam4:Latin
Fam5:Romance
Fam6:Italo-Western
Fam7:Western Romance
Fam8:(unclassified)
Fam9:Venetian
Isoexception:dialect
Glotto:tali1266
Glottorefname:Talian (Brazilian Veneto)
Script:Latin alphabet
Ietf:vec-BR
Minority:


Talian (taˈljaŋ/, pronounced as /pt/), or Brazilian Venetian,[2] is a Venetian dialect spoken primarily in the Serra Gaúcha region in the northeast of the state of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. It is also spoken in other parts of Rio Grande do Sul, as well as in parts of Espírito Santo[3] [4] [5] [6] [7] and of Santa Catarina.[8]

Talian is mainly a Venetian dialect mixed with Italian dialects from the Veneto region as well as Lombardy and other Italian regions, influenced by local Portuguese.[9] [10] [11]

History

Italian settlers first began arriving into these regions in a wave of immigration lasting from approximately 1875 to 1914.[12] [13] These settlers were mainly from Veneto, a region in Northern Italy, where Venetian was spoken, but also from Trentino and Friuli-Venezia Giulia.[13] In the south of Brazil these immigrants settled as smallholders in the region of Encosta da Serra. There they created three settlements: Conde D'Eu (now Garibaldi), Dona Isabel (now Bento Gonçalves), and Campo dos Bugres (now Caxias do Sul).[14] As more people arrived, the Italian settlement expanded beyond these localities. Approximately 100,000 immigrants from Northern Italy arrived between 1875 and 1910. As time went by, a uniquely southern Brazilian dialect emerged. Veneto became the basis for Italian-Brazilian regionalism.

Talian has been very much influenced not only by other Italian languages but also Portuguese, the national language of Brazil; this can be seen in the employment of numerous non-Venetian loanwords. It has been estimated that there have been 130 books published in Talian, including works of both poetry and prose.[15]

Similar to Riograndenser Hunsrückisch (hunsriqueano riograndense), the main German dialect spoken by southern Brazilians of German origin, Talian has suffered great deprecation since the 1940s. At that time, president Getúlio Vargas started the so-called Nationalization Campaign to force non-Portuguese speakers of Brazil to "better integrate" into the national mainstream culture. Speaking Talian or German in public, especially in education and press, was forbidden.[16] [17]

Vocabulary

Sample words in Talian[18]
TalianStandard ItalianEnglishVenetian
miio I/me mi
ti / tetuyou (singular)ti
lu / el / elolui heeło
noaltri / noantrinoi wenoialtri / noialtre
voaltri / valtri / voalti voiyou (plural)voialtri / voialtre
lorilorotheyłuri / łore
bambin / putel / fantolinbambinochild putel
fòja / fógia foglialeaffoja / fogia
côa / codacodatailcóa / coda
cavel / cavegio / caigio capellohaircavel / caveło / cavéjo
reciaorecchia earrecia
sufiar / supiaresoffiareto blowsufiar / sbufar
tajar / taiartagliareto cuttajar
pióvapioggiarainpiova
brasilian / brasilierobrasilianoBrazilianbrasilian

Sample text:

The Lord's Prayer in Talian [19]
TalianEnglishVenetian
Pupà nostro che stai nel cielo,Our father which art in heaven,Pare Nostro che te si nei ciei
Santificà sìa el tuo nome,Hallowed be thy name,Sia santificà el to nome;
Vegna a noantri el vostro regno,Thy kingdom come,Vegna el to regno
Sia fata la tua volontà,Thy will be done,Sia fata ła to vołontà
Coss'in tera come nel cielo.on earth, as it is in heaven.In tera così come in ciel.
Dai a noantri el pan de cada giorno,Give us this day our daily bread,Dane anquo el nostro pan quotidiano,
Perdona i nostri pecati,And forgive us our debts,Rimeti a noialtri i nostri debiti,
Come noantri perdonemo a quei che noi ga ofendestoAs we forgive our debtorsCome noialtri i rimetemo ai nostri debitori
E non assar che caschemo in tentassion,And lead us not into temptation,E non sta portarne in tentasion,
Ma liberta noantri de tuto el mal. Amem.But deliver us from evil. Amen.Ma liberane dal maigno. Amen.

Current status

Talian has historically been spoken mainly in the southern Brazilian states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and Paraná, as well as in Espírito Santo.[3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Nowadays, there are approximately 3 million people of Italian ancestry in Rio Grande do Sul, about 30% of the local population, and approximately 1.7 million people in Espírito Santo, which accounts for 65% of the local population.[20] According to some estimates, there are up to one million Italian descendants; Ethnologue reported 4,000,000 Italian descendants in the year 2006, but these numbers do not reflect absolutely the number of Talian speakers. During the "Estado Novo" period of the government of Getúlio Vargas, the use of Talian was declared illegal.[21] As a result of the traumas of Vargas' policies, there is, even to this day, a stigma attached to speaking these languages.

In 2009, the legislative assemblies of the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina approved laws declaring the Talian dialect to be an integral part of the historical heritage of their respective states.[22] [23] In 2009, the city of Serafina Corrêa, in Rio Grande do Sul, elected Talian as co-official language, alongside Portuguese.[24] [25] Finally, in 2014 Talian was declared to be part of the cultural heritage of Brazil (Língua e referência cultural brasileira) by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage.

In 2015 Serafina Corrêa received the title of national capital of Talian.[26] In 2019 Nova Erechim was recognized as the capital of Talian in Santa Catarina.[27] In 2021, Governor Ratinho Júnior sanctioned state law 20,757, which makes the municipality of Colombo the capital of Talian in Paraná.[28] [29] [30]

Newspapers in the Talian-speaking region feature articles written in the language. There are some radio programs broadcast in Talian.

Municipalities in Brazil that have co-official Talian language

Brazilian states with Talian as linguistic heritage officially approved statewide

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Subsídios para o reconhecimento do Talian . Tonial . Honório . 26 June 2009 . Instituto de Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Política Linguística (IPOL) . pt . Subsidies for the recognition of Talian . https://web.archive.org/web/20120127132553/http://www.ipol.org.br/ler.php?cod=597 . 27 January 2012 . 21 August 2011.
  2. Web site: Lingua portoghese e cultura brasiliana . guide.supereva.it . it . Portuguese language and Brazilian culture.
  3. Web site: Talian Brasil – Intervista con casal Benjamim Falqueto – Venda Nova del Imigrante – ES. https://web.archive.org/web/20141201205414/http://www.camaravni.es.gov.br/video_exibe.asp?id_video=49. dead. 2014-12-01.
  4. Web site: I dessendenti taliani che parla el talian Venda Nova do Imigrante – Espírito Santo – Brasil. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20141129125051/http://talian.net.br/vidio/taliani-che-parla-talian-venda-nova-do-imigrante-es. 2014-11-29.
  5. Web site: Chico Zandonadi, Radialista del talian – Ràdio FMZ, Venda Nova do Imigrante – ES. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20141129022910/http://www.talianbrasil.com.br/chico-zandonadi-venda-nova-do-imigrante-es/. 2014-11-29.
  6. Web site: Dialeto falado por imigrantes italianos é reconhecido como patrimônio nacional.
  7. Web site: Brasil Talian documentado em filme.
  8. Andreola . Alice . Being Italian in Brazil – cultural maintenance after the 1880–1920 immigration wave . 2015 . Master's . Universität Bielefeld . 18.
  9. Guzzo . Natália Brambatti . 2023 . Brazilian Veneto (Talian) . Journal of the International Phonetic Association . en . 53 . 3 . 1167–1181 . 10.1017/S002510032200010X . 0025-1003.
  10. Guzzo . Natália Brambatti . Garcia . Guilherme Duarte . 2023 . A corpus-based approach to map target vowel asymmetry in Brazilian Veneto metaphony . Italian Journal of Linguistics . 35 . 1 . 115–138. 10.26346/1120-2726-205 .
  11. Guzzo . Natália Brambatti . Garcia . Guilherme Duarte . 2020 . Phonological Variation and Prosodic Representation: Clitics in Portuguese-Veneto Contact . Journal of Language Contact . 13 . 2 . 389–427 . 10.1163/19552629-bja10021 . 1955-2629. 20.500.11794/107943 . free .
  12. Web site: Approvato il progetto che dichiara il 'Talian' come patrimonio del Rio Grande del Sud – Brasile. Sitoveneto. 9 March 2012. 23 July 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130723233334/http://www.sitoveneto.org/talian_patrimonio_de_rio_grando_do_sul.html. dead.
  13. Web site: Espirito Santo, lo stato piu' veneto del Brasile . Franceschetto . Cilmar . June 2001 . Veneti nel Mondo . it . Espírito Santo, the most Venetian state in Brazil . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20040316191344/http://www2.regione.veneto.it/videoinf/periodic/precedenti/01/6/espirito.htm . 2004-03-16.
  14. Web site: Losekann. Silvana. Sancionada lei que declara o Talian dialeto integrante do patrimônio do RS. Defender – Defesa Civil do Patrimônio Histórico. 9 March 2012. June 13, 2009.
  15. Book: Alves, Ozias . Parlons Talian: Dialecte vénitien du Brésil . L'Harmattan . 2013 . 978-2-343-01576-7 . Paris.
  16. Web site: pt-br . Gilvan Müller de Oliveira . 2009 . live . Plurilinguismo no Brasil: repressão e resistência lingüística . https://web.archive.org/web/20191017043721/https://gerflint.fr/Base/Bresil7/gilvan.pdf . 2019-10-17 . 2023-04-16 .
  17. Web site: 2019-10-17 . A luta para salvar os dialetos europeus no Brasil . https://web.archive.org/web/20191017042902/http://opiniaoenoticia.com.br/brasil/luta-para-salvar-os-dialetos-europeus-no-brasil/ . 2019-10-17 . 2022-07-01 .
  18. Pozenato, José Clemente (coord.). Relatório final do projeto-piloto Inventário do Talian. Instituto Vêneto - Associação Cultural Educacional Novo Vêneto / Universidade de Caxias do Sul, 2010
  19. https://www.brasiltalian.com/2017/04/pupa-nostro-pai-nosso-em-talian-vidio.html "Pupà nostro - Pai nosso em Talian (vìdio)"
  20. Web site: Estatísticas ítalo-brasileiras. 2014-11-20. 2014-11-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20141129031845/http://www.italianossa.com.br/estatistica.asp. dead.
  21. News: Bolson. Bibiana. 2014-11-20. Dialeto de imigrantes italianos se torna patrimônio brasileiro. pt-BR. Italian immigrants' dialect becomes Brazilian patrimony. Jornal Hoje. 2018-09-03.
  22. http://www.al.rs.gov.br/filerepository/replegis/arquivos/13.178.pdf Law No. 13.178
  23. http://leis.alesc.sc.gov.br/html/2009/14951_2009_Lei.html Law No. 14.951
  24. Web site: Vereadores aprovam o talian como língua co-oficial do município . pt . 21 August 2011 . 17 April 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190417004717/http://www.serafinacorrea.rs.gov.br/site/noticia/noticia_detalhe.php?gCdNoticia=406 . dead .
  25. Web site: Talian em busca de mais reconhecimento . pt . 24 August 2011 . dead . https://archive.today/20120801012132/http://rosario.redescalabriniana.org/noticia/Talian-em-busca-de-mais-reconhecimento . 1 August 2012 .
  26. https://web.archive.org/web/20230614005247/http://www.serafinacorrea.rs.gov.br/talian/ Talian em Serafina Corrêa, breve histórico
  27. https://web.archive.org/web/20230614003311/http://leis.alesc.sc.gov.br/html/2019/17778_2019_lei.html Lei Nº 17.778, de 25 de setembro de 2019
  28. https://leisestaduais.com.br/pr/lei-ordinaria-n-20757-2021-parana-concede-o-titulo-de-capital-do-talian-ao-municipio-de-colombo Lei Ordinária Nº 20757, de 4 de novembro de 2021
  29. https://web.archive.org/web/20220307004346/https://www.jornaldecolombo.com.br/cultura/governador-sanciona-lei-que-torna-colombo-a-capital-do-talian-no-parana/ Governador sanciona Lei que torna Colombo a Capital do Talian no Paraná
  30. https://web.archive.org/web/20220307004454/https://grupoparanacomunicacao.com.br/ratinho-junior-sanciona-lei-que-torna-colombo-capital-do-talian-no-parana/ Ratinho Júnior sanciona lei que torna Colombo Capital do Talian no Paraná
  31. Web site: 2019-04-18 . Câmara Municipal de Vereadores de Antônio Prado . 2022-02-27 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190418002920/https://www.camaraantonioprado.rs.gov.br/camara/proposicao/Leis-ordinarias/2016/1/APP_LINK/1197 . 18 April 2019 . dead.
  32. Web site: Machado . Felipe . Aprovado em primeira votação, projeto que torna o Talian, segunda língua oficial de Bento . 2022-02-27 . pt-BR.
  33. Web site: Machado . Felipe . Co-oficialização do Talian é aprovada pela Câmara de Bento . 2022-02-27 . pt-BR.
  34. Web site: Câmara Bento – Projeto do Executivo é aprovado e Talian se torna a língua co-oficial . 11 June 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160609022209/http://www.jornalcidadesdaserra.com.br/camara-bento-projeto-do-executivo-e-aprovado-e-talian-se-torna-a-lingua-co-oficial . 9 June 2016 . dead . dmy-all .
  35. https://web.archive.org/web/20190522031725/https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BxCUEZZQ81d7a25XVjdfMGs3NDlyakZ1RzByYW1vV2dTemw0/view Línguas cooficializadas nos municípios brasileiros
  36. https://web.archive.org/web/20231002024510/https://www.camaracapinzal.sc.gov.br/tramitacoes/1/12296 Projeto de Lei Legislativo Nº 0003/2023
  37. Web site: Lei Municipal Nº 3.049, de 16 de março de 2022 - Dispõe sobre a Cooficialização da Língua Talian e do Polonês no Município de Casca - RS . 2022-05-22 . 2022-05-22 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220522025210/https://leismunicipais.com.br/a/rs/c/casca/lei-ordinaria/2022/305/3049/lei-ordinaria-n-3049-2022-dispoe-sobre-a-cooficializacao-da-lingua-talian-e-do-polones-no-municipio-de-casca-rs . live .
  38. Web site: Lei confirma o Talian como segunda língua oficial de Caxias do Sul . 30 March 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190330025133/https://www.radiocaxias.com.br/portal/noticias/lei-confirma-o-talian-como-segunda-lingua-oficial-de-caxias-do-sul-81255 . 30 March 2019 . live . dmy-all .
  39. https://web.archive.org/web/20230602023912/https://www.camaracotipora.rs.gov.br/uploads/legislacao/2205/r07si3yo7J1u5OM3wNDHAV_8ZGbyj7_p.pdf Lei Municipal N. 2.998/2023, de 18 de maio de 2023
  40. http://web.archive.org/web/20240811141927/https://direitolinguistico.com.br/repositorio/s/rbll/item/164#lg=1&slide=0 Lei n. 5.048/2023 - Do Município de Encantado / RS
  41. Web site: 2019-04-18 . Município de Fagundes Varela - A Cidade - Talian . 2022-02-27 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190418004647/https://www.fagundesvarela.rs.gov.br/secao.php?id=7 . 18 April 2019 . dead.
  42. https://web.archive.org/web/20220822022748/https://leouve.com.br/ultimas/talian-e-reconhecido-como-a-segunda-lingua-oficial-de-farroupilha Talian é reconhecido como a segunda língua oficial de Farroupilha
  43. https://web.archive.org/web/20220822023634/https://camarafarroupilha.rs.gov.br/vereadores-cooficializam-o-talian-como-lingua-do-municipio-de-farroupilha/ Vereadores cooficializam o Talian como língua do município
  44. https://web.archive.org/web/20220822023636/https://camarafarroupilha.rs.gov.br/atividades-parlamentares/proposicoes/projetos/projeto-016-2022-dispoe-sobre-a-cooficializacao-da-lingua-talian-a-lingua-portuguesa-no-municipio-de-farroupilha/ Projeto 016/2022 – Dispõe sobre a cooficialização da língua “talian” a língua portuguesa no município de Farroupilha
  45. https://web.archive.org/web/20220822023827/https://camarafarroupilha.rs.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/PL-16-Legislativo.pdf Projeto de Lei 016/2022
  46. Web site: Talian pode ser língua cooficial de Flores da Cunha . 2019-05-09 . 2016-06-15 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160615153512/http://www.leouve.com.br/politica/serra-gaucha/item/55203-talian-pode-ser-lingua-cooficial-de-flores-da-cunha . dead .
  47. Web site: Talian é língua cooficial de Flores da Cunha . 15 June 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160615153850/http://leouve.com.br/politica/serra-gaucha/item/55312-talian-%C3%A9-l%C3%ADngua-cooficial-de-flores-da-cunha . 15 June 2016 . live . dmy-all .
  48. Web site: Flores da Cunha (RS) – Projeto pretende instituir o "Talian" como língua co oficial no Município . 31 March 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160808094711/http://defender.org.br/tag/dialeto/?print=pdf-page . 8 August 2016 . dead . dmy-all .
  49. https://web.archive.org/web/20220911224719/https://www.camaragaribaldi.rs.gov.br/proposicoes/Projeto-de-Lei-do-Legislativo/2022/1/0/14650 Projeto de Lei do Legislativo nº 0015/2022
  50. Web site: Lei Nº 5.568, de 06 de setembro de 2022 . 2022-09-16 . 2022-09-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220920163558/https://leismunicipais.com.br/a2/rs/g/garibaldi/lei-ordinaria/2022/557/5568/lei-ordinaria-n-5568-2022-fica-estabelecido-que-o-municipio-de-garibaldi-passa-a-ter-como-lingua-cooficial-o-talian-formacao-linguistica-proveniente-dos-diversos-dialetos-falados-pelos-imigrantes-italianos-aqui-estabelecidos . live .
  51. https://leismunicipais.com.br/a1/sc/i/ipumirim/lei-ordinaria/2020/187/1868/lei-ordinaria-n-1868-2020-dispoe-sobre-a-cooficializacao-das-linguas-talian-e-hunsruckisch-no-municipio-de-ipumirim-sc Lei Nº 1.868, de 17 de dezembro de 2020
  52. https://leismunicipais.com.br/a/rs/m/marau/lei-ordinaria/2023/614/6140/lei-ordinaria-n-6140-2023-dispoe-sobre-a-cooficializacao-da-lingua-talian-a-lingua-portuguesa-no-municipio-de-marau?q=talian Lei Nº 6.140, de 26 de junho de 2023 - Dispõe sobre a cooficialização da língua "talian" à língua portuguesa no Município de Marau
  53. https://web.archive.org/web/20220906032229/https://www.novabassano.rs.leg.br/institucional/noticias/camara-aprova-projeto-que-cooficializa-lingua-talian-em-nova-bassano Câmara aprova projeto que cooficializa língua Talian em Nova Bassano
  54. Web site: 2016-01-14 . Nova Erechim cooficializa o talian Talian Brasil . 2022-02-27 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160114183704/http://www.talianbrasil.com.br/sc/nova-erechim-cooficializa-o-talian . 2016-01-14 .
  55. https://web.archive.org/web/20170921120542/https://leismunicipais.com.br/a2/rs/n/nova-roma-do-sul/lei-ordinaria/2015/131/1310/lei-ordinaria-n-1310-2015-dispoe-sobre-a-cooficializacao-da-lingua-do-talian-a-lingua-portuguesa-no-municipio-de-nova-roma-do-sul Lei Nº 1310 de 16 de outubro de 2015
  56. https://web.archive.org/web/20170106102600/http://www.novaromadosul.rs.gov.br/noticias_int.php?id=1418 O Talian agora é a língua co-oficial de Nova Roma do Sul
  57. https://web.archive.org/web/20220906025552/https://www.camaraouro.sc.gov.br/imprensa/noticias/0/3/2021/647284 Vereadores aprovam Projeto de Lei que cooficializa as línguas Talian (Italiana) e Hunsrückisch (Alemã) em Ouro
  58. https://web.archive.org/web/20220906025535/https://www.camaraouro.sc.gov.br/proposicoes/Projetos-de-Leis-do-Legislativo/2022/1/0/427 Projeto de Lei Legislativo Nº 0001/2022
  59. Web site: 2019-05-08 . Talian: protagonismo na luta pelo reconhecimento cultural e fortalecimento pela lei de cooficialização IPOL . 2022-02-27 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190508035114/http://ipol.org.br/talian-protagonismo-na-luta-pelo-reconhecimento-cultural-e-fortalecimento-pela-lei-de-cooficializacao/ . 2019-05-08 .
  60. https://leismunicipais.com.br/a1/rs/p/pinto-bandeira/lei-ordinaria/2019/42/414/lei-ordinaria-n-414-2019-dispoe-sobre-a-cooficializacao-da-lingua-talian-a-lingua-portuguesa-no-municipio-de-pinto-bandeira?r=p&o=tcers Lei Nº 414, de 20 de dezembro de 2019
  61. Web site: Talian em busca de mais reconhecimento . pt . 24 August 2011 . dead . https://archive.today/20120801012132/http://rosario.redescalabriniana.org/noticia/Talian-em-busca-de-mais-reconhecimento . 1 August 2012 . dmy-all .
  62. https://web.archive.org/web/20230429050126/https://www.uniaodaserra.rs.gov.br/noticias/o-municipio-de-uniao-da-serra-passa-a-ter-como-lingua-co-oficial-o-talian O Município de União da Serra passa a ter como língua co-oficial o Talian!
  63. https://leismunicipais.com.br/a/rs/u/uniao-da-serra/lei-ordinaria/2022/156/1555/lei-ordinaria-n-1555-2022-dispoe-sobre-a-co-oficializacao-da-lingua-do-talian-veneto-brasileiro-a-lingua-portuguesa-no-municipio-de-uniao-da-serra-rs LEI Nº 1.555/2022
  64. https://web.archive.org/web/20220828003948/https://www.vilaflores.rs.leg.br/processo-legislativo/projetos-de-lei-legislativo/004-2022/view Institui o "Talian" - Vêneto Brasileiro como a Segunda Língua Oficial do município de Vila Flores
  65. https://web.archive.org/web/20220828004242/https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/pioneiro/geral/noticia/2022/07/com-talian-como-idioma-co-oficial-vila-flores-na-serra-se-torna-um-municipio-bilingue-cl5ignjsh007n0168nttdm28t.html Com talian como idioma co-oficial: Vila Flores, na Serra, se torna um município bilíngue
  66. https://web.archive.org/web/20220828004231/https://www.tuaradio.com.br/Tua-Radio-Veranense/noticias/cultura/09-07-2022/vila-flores-torna-se-um-municipio-bilingue Vila Flores torna-se um município bilíngue
  67. http://www.ipol.org.br/ler.php?cod=597 Aprovado projeto que declara o Talian como patrimônio do RS
  68. Web site: LEI-014951 . 2022-02-27 . server03.pge.sc.gov.br.
  69. Web site: Palavras livres: Rotary apresenta ações na Câmara. FEIBEMO divulga cultura italiana . 2022-02-27 . cacador.net . 11 August 2011 . pt-br.
  70. Web site: 2012-07-30 . Untitled Document . https://archive.today/20120730014727/http://www.editorasaomiguel.com.br/correio/edicoes/reportagem.php?cod_rep=6071 . dead . 2012-07-30 . 2022-02-27 . archive.ph.

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