Demographics of Tajikistan explained

Place:Tajikistan
Size Of Population:10,077,600 (2023)
Nation:Tajikistani
Official:Tajik
Age 0–14 Years:31.43%
Age 65 Years:3.63%
Growth:1.4% (2022 est.)
Birth:20.73 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death:5.72 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Net Migration:-1.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Sr At Birth:1.05 male(s)/female
Sr Under 15:1.04 male(s)/female
Sr 65 Years Over:0.48 male(s)/female
Total Mf Ratio:0.99 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Infant Mortality:32.33 deaths/1,000 live births
Life:71.43 years[1] (2023 est.)
Life Male:66.2 years
Life Female:72.69 years (2022 est.)
Fertility: 3.45 children born/woman (2023 est.)

The Demographics of Tajikistan is about the demography of the population of Tajikistan, including population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population.

Demographic trends

Tajikistan's main ethnic group are the Tajiks, with minorities such as the Uzbeks and Kyrgyz, and a small Russian minority. Because not everyone in Tajikistan is an ethnic Tajik, the non-Tajik citizens of the country are referred to as Tajikistani. The official nationality of any person from Tajikistan is a Tajikistani, while the ethnic Tajik majority simply call themselves Tajik.

Contemporary Tajiks are an Iranian people. In particular, they are descended from ancient Eastern Iranian peoples of Central Asia, such as the Soghdians and the Bactrians, with an admixture of Western Iranian Persians as well as non-Iranian peoples.[2]

Until the 20th century, people in the region used two types of distinction to identify themselves: way of life - either nomadic or sedentary - and place of residence. By the late nineteenth century, the Tajik and Uzbek peoples, who had lived in proximity for centuries and often used each other's languages, did not perceive themselves as two distinct nationalities. The modern labels were imposed artificially when Central Asia was divided into five Soviet republics in the 1920s.[2]

Historically, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan were also home to Bukharan Jews, who trace their ancestry to the Lost Tribes of Israel taken captive by the Babylonians in the 7th century BC, but almost no Bukharian Jews are left in Tajikistan.[3]

Ethnic Groups

Ethnic Groups in 2020 Census[4]

Ethnic makeup according to the population censuses from 1926 to 2010 (in thousands)[5] [6] [7]
Note: The category Tajiks also includes approximately 135,000 ethnic Pamiris, of which 65% are Shughni speakers, 13% are Rushani speakers, 12% speak Wakhi, 5% are Bartangi speakers, 3% are Yazgulyami speakers, 1.5% speak Khufi, and 0.8% are Ishkashimi speakers. In addition there are 5,000 speakers of Yagnobi. According to the 2000 census, excluding the people whose native languages are Pamiri or Yagnobi, Tajiks account for 77.6% of the population.

Population of Tajikistan according to ethnic group 1926–2010
Ethnic
group
census 19261census 19392census 19593census 19704census 19795census 19896census 2000census 20108
Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%
Tajiks617,12574.6883,96659.51,051,16453.11,629,92056.22,237,04858.83,172,42062.34,898,40079.96,373,83484.3
Yagnobi1,8290.2
Uzbeks175,62721.2353,47823.8454,43323.0665,66223.0873,19922.91,197,84123.51,012,50016.5926,34412.2
Kyrgyz11,4101.427,9681.925,6351.335,4851.248,3761.363,8321.365,5001.160,7150.8
Russians5,6380.7134,9169.1262,61013.3344,10911.9395,08910.4388,4817.668,2001.134,8380.5
Turkmen4,1480.54,0400.37,1150.411,0430.413,9910.420,4870.420,3000.315,1710.2
Tatars9500.118,2961.256,8932.970,8032.479,5292.179,4421.619,0000.36,4950.1
Arabs3,2600.42,2900.21,2970.12480.01760.02760.014,5000.24,1840.1
Others7,1800.960,1374.0120,7506.1142,3324.9158,8124.2169,8243.329,1000.5142,9211.9
Total827,1671,485,0911,979,8972,899,6023,806,2205,092,6036,127,5007,564,502
1 Source: http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_26.php?reg=2134. 2 Source: http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_39.php. 3 Source: http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_59.php. 4 Source: http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_70.php. 5 Source: http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_79.php. 6 Source: http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_89.php 7 including 51,000 Lakai, 15,100 Kongrat, 4,900 Katagan, 3,700 Barlos and 1,100 Yuz. 8 Source: https://web.archive.org/web/20130116004155/http://stat.tj/en/img/526b8592e834fcaaccec26a22965ea2b_1355502192.pdf, p. 7. 9 including 65,555 Lakai, 38,078 Kongrat, 7,601 Katagan, 5,271 Barlos and 3,798 Yuz .

Languages

Several dialects of Persian (Central Asian dialects of Persian) are spoken in Tajikistan and it is one of the two official languages of Tajikistan (officially referred to as Tajik).[8] Russian is the official interethnic language and is widely used in both government and business. The different ethnic minorities speak different languages, for instance Uzbek, Turkmen, Kyrgyz and Khowar.[9] In the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province, Shughni as well as other Pamir languages are spoken. In the northern Yaghnob valley, the Yaghnobi language is still spoken.

Religion

See main article: Religion in Tajikistan. Religious demographics in 2020

Population

9,275,787 (2019 est.)According to Worldmeters

Age structure

0–14 years: 34.3% (male 1,282,681/female 1,238,607)
15–64 years: 62.1% (male 2,260,552/female 2,303,034)
65 years and over: 3.6% (male 112,334/female 151,937) (2009 est.)

Population growth rate

1.88% (2009 est.)

2.21% (2013-2014 est.) (source:www.stat.tj)

Net migration rate

-1.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth:1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years:1.04 male(s)/female
15–64 years:0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over:0.74 male(s)/female
total population:0.99 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population:65.33 years
male:62.29 years
female:68.52 years (2009 est.)

Education

Education is required through high school (11 years of schooling) but completion rate is under 90%;

Literacy

definition:age 15 and over can read and write
total population:99.5%
male:99.7%
female:99.2% (2000 census)

Vital statistics

UN estimates

Period[10] Live births per yearDeaths per yearNatural change per yearCBR1CDR1NC1TFR1IMR1
1950-195574 00020 00054 00042.715.427.35.40
1955-196089 00026 00063 00047.915.832.16.20
1960-1965111 00030 00081 00047.914.733.26.80
1965-1970110 00030 00080 00043.612.830.87.00
1970-1975127 00030 00097 00041.511.629.96.83
1975-1980138 00033 000105 00039.710.529.25.90
1980-1985164 00034 000130 00042.010.231.85.60
1985-1990198 00034 000164 00042.89.733.15.50
1990-1995206 00052 000154 00037.49.627.84.88
1995-2000195 00049 000146 00032.77.824.94.29
2000-2005185 00045 000140 00028.56.422.13.60
2005-2010187 00043 000144 00029.55.723.83.50
2010-201530.25.324.93.50
2015-202027.95.122.83.28
2020-202524.95.019.93.09
2025-203022.45.117.32.93
2030-203521.35.316.02.79
2035-204020.95.615.32.66
1 CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

Births and deaths[11] [12] [13]

Average populationLive births in thousandsDeaths in thousandsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Crude migration rate (per 1000)TFR
19501,526,14046,57112,54334,02830.48.222.2
19511,582,46548,40712,38436,02330.57.822.714.2
19521,637,70854,93112,56242,36933.47.625.89.1
19531,692,87554,69714,53040,16732.48.623.89.9
19541,748,47556,94613,04543,90132.97.525.47.4
19551,805,20960,33515,81244,52333.88.925.07.4
19561,863,79162,96010,89452,06634.25.928.34.2
19571,924,94462,96610,83852,12833.15.727.45.4
19581,989,60356,82611,54845,27829.15.923.210.4
19592,058,89160,97811,02449,95430.35.524.810.0
19602,131,99169,71510,67059,04533.55.128.47.1
19612,208,02673,65311,03562,61834.05.128.96.8
19622,287,18175,90913,00162,90833.65.827.88.0
19632,368,86880,73313,04267,69134.55.628.96.8
19642,452,67184,30013,13271,16834.75.429.36.1
19652,538,29592,44816,47475,97436.86.630.24.7
19662,625,65391,82515,49176,33435.46.029.45.0
19672,714,95993,98817,54676,44235.26.628.65.4
19682,806,565101,46216,57784,88536.76.030.73.0
19692,899,85398,83117,39081,44134.76.128.64.6
19702,993,019102,20118,68683,51534.86.428.43.7
19713,085,961111,83917,17394,66636.85.731.10
19723,180,461111,06919,89591,17435.36.329.01.6
19733,277,487115,15723,34391,81435.57.228.32.2
19743,377,757123,33824,92398,41536.97.529.41.2
19753,482,124127,46427,96599,49937.08.128.92.0
19763,590,605135,24330,101105,14238.28.529.71.5
19773,703,010132,87532,110100,76536.48.827.63.7
19783,818,114140,62231,048109,57437.58.329.21.9
19793,932,682145,43129,822115,60937.87.730.1-0.1
19804,045,965146,42231,830114,59237.08.029.0-0.2
19814,160,744155,50831,637123,87138.37.830.5-2.1
19824,278,908159,57132,053127,51838.27.730.5-2.1
19834,401,502164,71032,553132,15738.37.630.7-2.0
19844,529,500176,19732,872143,32539.87.432.4-3.35.494
19854,660,598182,71632,014150,70240.07.033.0-4.15.498
19864,798,281198,64731,993166,65442.16.835.3-5.85.698
19874,946,293204,45033,543170,90741.96.935.0-4.25.662
19885,100,019201,86435,334166,53040.27.033.2-2.15.348
19895,264,331200,43033,395167,03538.76.532.3-0.15.104
19905,417,860205,81333,020172,79338.86.232.6-3.45.091
19915,556,305215,26933,584181,68539.16.133.0-7.45.094
19925,656,207180,37736,718143,63432.46.625.8-7.84.205
19935,717,805186,92049,326137,26133.58.924.6-13.74.320
19945,803,992191,59639,943151,65334.27.127.0-11.94.355
19955,916,173193,18234,274158,90834.16.028.0-8.74.385
19966,035,599172,34131,792140,54930.05.524.5-4.33.931
19976,117,068178,12728,710149,41730.64.925.7-12.24.064
19986,156,804185,73327,397158,33631.34.626.7-20.24.068
19996,189,564180,88825,495155,39329.84.225.6-20.33.852
20006,272,998167,24629,387137,85927.04.722.3-8.83.493
20016,408,809171,62332,015139,60827.25.122.1-0.43.487
20026,541,754175,59931,142144,45727.34.822.4-1.73.471
20036,672,491177,93833,185144,75327.15.122.0-2.03.420
20046,801,204179,56329,741149,82226.84.422.3-3.03.354
20056,929,144180,79031,520149,27026.44.621.8-3.03.274
20067,057,416186,46331,990154,47326.74.622.1-3.63.266
20077,188,390200,01033,686166,32428.14.723.3-4.73.5
20087,324,627203,33231,996171,33627.94.423.5-4.53.55
20097,468,595199,82632,332167,50426.84.322.5-2.83.48
20107,621,779218,06532,635185,43029.44.425.0-4.53.576
20117,784,818226,65233,958192,69328.74.324.4-3.03.49
20127,956,381219,28133,972185,30927.84.323.5-1.53.55
20138,136,610209,41731,706177,71125.93.922.00.73.54
20148,326,347229,46032,879196,58127.84.023.8-0.53.87
20158,524,062237,50033,500204,00028.14.024.1-0.44.00
20168,725,318229,99834,102195,89626.63.922.70.93.87
20178,925,525226,85232,152194,70025.43.621.71.23.61
20189,128,132233,64132,856200,78525.63.622.00.73.65
20199,337,003236,57133,530200,90025.43.621.81.13.69
20209,543,207250,69343,726206,96725.84.521.30.83.72
20219,750,064218,49839,547178,95122.14.018.13.63.75
20229,952,787230,65431,103199,55123.03.119.90.93.78
202310,159,805242,69732,767209,93024.13.320.8-1.63.80

Vital statistics

[14]

PeriodLive birthsDeathsNatural increase
January — June 2022110,20016,350+93,850
January — June 2023106,80017,000+89,800
Difference -3,400 (-3%) +650 (+4%) -4,050

Life Expectancy

Period[15] Life expectancy in
Years
PeriodLife expectancy in
Years
1950–195553.11985–199064.1
1955–196055.11990–199562.3
1960–196557.21995–200064.5
1965–197059.32000–200566.4
1970–197560.82005–201068.7
1975–198062.12010–201570.4
1980–198563.2

Fertility rate

Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and CBR (Crude Birth Rate):[16] [17]

YearCBR (Total)TFR (Total)CBR (Urban)TFR (Urban)CBR (Rural)TFR (Rural)
201233.93.8 (3.3)28.93.3 (2.9)35.63.9 (3.4)
201733.43.8 (3.5)25.63.0 (2.8)36.14.0 (3.7)
202327.13.525.43.227.83.5

Population pyramids

Source:[18]

Age groupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total3 987 5173 909 7967 897 313100
0-4555 543522 1101 077 65313.65
5-9437 711414 701852 41210.79
10-14440 884419 105859 98910.89
15-19436 357420 499856 85610.85
20-24429 738424 831854 56910.82
25-29363 432358 886722 3189.15
30-34271 966265 850537 8166.81
35-39225 366227 780453 1465.74
40-44202 816208 317411 1325.21
45-49181 790189 145370 9344.70
50-54156 158160 512316 6694.01
55-59100 176104 798204 9742.60
60-6464 19267 836132 0281.67
65-6936 01433 30069 3140.88
70-7438 81338 36077 1720.98
75-7924 91328 11953 0320.67
80-8414 69116 11030 8010.39
85-895 4326 68212 1140.15
90-941 2112 1143 3240.04
95-992684917580.01
100+52257309<0.01
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0-141 434 1381 355 9162 790 05435.33
15-642 431 9852 428 4474 860 43261.55
65+121 394125 433246 8273.13
Age groupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total4 078 8573 995 4098 074 266100
0-4564 736528 4511 093 18713.54
5-9453 224428 754881 97810.92
10-14437 293415 432852 72510.56
15-19440 389422 520862 90910.69
20-24428 230422 055850 28410.53
25-29382 376379 040761 4169.43
30-34286 675279 681566 3567.01
35-39230 478231 505461 9835.72
40-44206 328211 812418 1395.18
45-49184 234191 988376 2224.66
50-54163 910168 577332 4874.12
55-59108 532113 347221 8792.75
60-6469 78874 346144 1331.79
65-6937 79936 79074 5890.92
70-7437 49536 38873 8830.92
75-7925 17328 08453 2560.66
80-8414 48216 83831 3190.39
85-896 0917 04613 1360.16
90-941 3012 1083 4080.04
95-992624346960.01
100+69218287<0.01
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0-141 455 2531 372 6372 827 89035.02
15-642 500 9322 494 8664 995 79861.87
65+122 672127 906250 5783.10
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total4 724 0444 589 7239 313 767100
0–4604 646538 5221 143 16812.27
5–9572 947528 5151 101 46211.83
10–14486 486459 827946 31310.16
15–19430 596408 418839 0149.01
20–24433 864421 271855 1359.18
25–29427 540419 755847 2959.10
30–34398 523400 106798 6298.57
35–39304 697298 972603 6696.48
40–44237 475237 835475 3105.10
45–49208 346214 686423 0324.54
50–54183 206192 067375 2734.03
55–59166 874175 280342 1543.67
60–64114 298121 451235 7492.53
65-6970 00276 881146 8831.58
70-7435 64838 79474 4420.80
75-7924 46025 41249 8720.54
80-8414 82618 66833 4940.36
85-896 4629 53215 9940.17
90-942 3372 3374 9300.05
95-997411 0881 8290.02
100+7050120<0.01
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–141 664 0791 526 8643 190 94334.26
15–642 905 4192 889 8415 795 26062.22
65+154 546173 018327 5643.52

Birth rate

There were slightly over 224 thousand births in Tajikistan in 2017, down from 230 thousand in 2016.[19] Most births occurred in Khatlon Region (89 thousand births), followed by Sughd Region (61 thousand births) and the Districts of Republican Subordination (53 thousand births). The fewest births is recorded in Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region in eastern Tajikistan, with around 5,700 births. Dushanbe city recorded approximately 15,500 births in 2017.

The crude birth rate for Tajikistan was 25.4‰ in 2017, down from 28.1‰ two years earlier (in 2015). Khatlon Region has the highest birth rate (28.1‰) in 2017, while the city of Dushanbe has the lowest birth rate with 18.8‰.

Crude birth rate by division from 2000 to 2018[20]
Division 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
17.4 20.3 19.2 23.8 17.3 18.4 19.8 21.9 23.7 23.5
25.1 25.4 23.9 24.0 25.8 29.4 27.6 28.2 24.9 24.2
28.6 29.0 31.9 29.4 30.5 31.1 29.4 31.1 30.0 28.5
28.5 25.6 20.9 20.4 25.6 24.1 22.8 16.5 17.5 18.4
28.1 28.8 26.0 27.9 28.8 30.2 28.5 27.5 27.5 25.9
Tajikistan 27.0 27.3 26.8 26.7 27.9 29.4 27.8 27.8 26.6 25.6

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/tajikistan-population/
  2. Web site: Library of Congress Country Studies - Tajikistan - Historical & Ethnic Background - 1996. 2007-01-31. 2018-03-13. https://web.archive.org/web/20180313034843/http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-13606.html. live.
  3. Web site: Jewish music of Bukhara? Alaev Family's got it. August 2012. 2015-07-17. 2018-10-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20181002071722/https://www.scpr.org/blogs/newmedia/2012/07/31/9242/alaev-family-bringing-jewish-music-bukhara-skirbal/. live.
  4. https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2023-09/WS10RizoevENG.pdf
  5. Web site: Итоги переписи населения Таджикистана 2000 года: национальный, возрастной, половой, семейный и образовательный составы. https://web.archive.org/web/20110807010258/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2005/0191/analit05.php. dead. August 7, 2011. www.demoscope.ru.
  6. Spoorenberg . Thomas . 2013 . Fertility changes in Central Asia since 1980. Asian Population Studies . 9 . 1 . 50–77 . 10.1080/17441730.2012.752238 . 154532617 .
  7. Spoorenberg . Thomas . 2015 . Explaining recent fertility increase in Central Asia . Asian Population Studies . 11 . 2 . 115–133 . 10.1080/17441730.2015.1027275 . 153924060 .
  8. Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan, November 6, 1994, Article 2.
  9. Web site: Ethnologue report for Languages of Tajikistan. Ethnologue

    Languages of the World

    . SIL International. 5 May 2012. 25 May 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120525095332/http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=TJ. live.
  10. Web site: World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations. https://web.archive.org/web/20110506065230/http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm. dead. May 6, 2011. population.un.org.
  11. Web site: Socio-demographic sector Basic social indicators, 2000–2021 (Official Tajikistan Government Statistics).
  12. Web site: UN Demographic Yearbook System. 2021-06-06. 2018-02-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20180212084424/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/index.cshtml. live.
  13. Web site: http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/ussr_ed_1935.php . ru:Естественное движение населения республик СССР, 1935 . Natural population growth of the Republics of the USSR, 1935 . ru . Demoscope.ru . 31 March 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150402125545/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/ussr_ed_1935.php . 2 April 2015 .
  14. Web site: В Таджикистане снизилась рождаемость. 11 August 2023 .
  15. Web site: World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations. esa.un.org. 2018-08-26. 2016-09-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20160919061238/https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/. live.
  16. http://www.dhsprogram.com/ (Demographic Health Survey)
  17. Web site: Tajikistan Demographic and Health Survey 2023 - Key Indicators Report (English, Russian).
  18. Web site: Demographic Yearbook . UN Data . United Nations . 4 December 2015 . 27 December 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161227194033/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm . live .
  19. Web site: Number of births, 2000-2017. 2018-12-09. 2021-08-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20210815081732/http://stat.ww.tj/library/en/number_of_births.xls. dead.
  20. http://stat.ww.tj/library/en/crude_%20birth_rate.xls Birth rate