| En Name: | Taganrog |
| Ru Name: | Таганрог |
| Pushpin Map: | Russia Rostov Oblast#European Russia#Europe |
| Coordinates: | 47.2167°N 93°W |
| Image Coa: | Coat of Arms of Taganrog (Rostov oblast) (1808).png |
| Anthem: | Anthem of Taganrog |
| Anthem Ref: | [1] |
| Holiday: | September 12 |
| Holiday Ref: | [2] |
| Federal Subject: | Rostov Oblast |
| Adm Inhabloc Jur: | Taganrog Urban Okrug |
| Adm Ctr Of1: | Taganrog Urban Okrug |
| Inhabloc Cat: | City |
| Urban Okrug Jur: | Taganrog Urban Okrug |
| Mun Admctr Of1: | Taganrog Urban Okrug |
| Leader Title: | Head |
| Leader Title Ref: | [3] |
| Leader Name: | Mikhail Solonitsin |
| Leader Name Ref: | [4] |
| Representative Body: | City Duma |
| Area Km2: | 80 |
| Area Km2 Ref: | [5] |
| Pop 2010Census: | 257681 |
| Pop 2010Census Rank: | 72nd |
| Pop Latest: | 251100 |
| Pop Latest Date: | January 2016 |
| Pop Latest Ref: | [6] |
| Established Date: | September 12, 1698 |
| Current Cat Date: | 1775 |
| Postal Codes: | 347900, 347902, 347904, 347905, 347909, 347910, 347913, 347916, 347919, 347922–347924, 347927, 347928, 347930–347932, 347935, 347936, 347939, 347942, 347943, 347949, 347990 |
| Dialing Codes: | 8634 |
| Website: | http://www.tagancity.ru |
Taganrog (Russian: Таганрог, pronounced as /ru/) is a port city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, on the north shore of Taganrog Bay in the Sea of Azov, several kilometers west of the mouth of the Don River. It is in the Black Sea region. Population:
See main article: History of Taganrog.
The history of the city goes back to the late Bronze Age–early Iron Age. Later, it became the earliest Greek settlement in the northwestern Black Sea region and was probably mentioned by the Greek historian Herodotus as emporion Kremnoi (Κρήμνοι, meaning cliffs).[7] It had contacts as well to the other Greek colonies around the Black Sea as well as to the indigenous communitys of the hinterland.[8]
In the 13th century, Pisan merchants founded a colony, Portus Pisanus, which was however short-lived.[9] Taganrog was founded by Peter the Great on 12 September 1698. The first Russian Navy base, it hosted the Azov Flotilla of Catherine the Great (1770–1783), which subsequently became the Russian Black Sea Fleet. Taganrog was granted city status in 1775.[10]
By the end of the 18th century, Taganrog had lost its importance as a military base after Crimea and the entire Sea of Azov were absorbed into the Russian Empire. In 1802, Tsar Alexander I granted the city special status, which lasted until 1887. In 1825, the Alexander I Palace in Taganrog was used as his summer residence, and he died there in November 1825. Also in Taganrog is the House of Teacher, a mansion where numerous artists have performed.
Although it had been bombarded and damaged by an Anglo-French fleet in 1855,[9] Taganrog became important as a commercial port, used for the import of grain by the end of the 19th century until the early 20th century. Industrialization increased in the city when Belgian and German investors founded a boiler factory, an iron and steel foundry, a leather factory, and an oil press factory. By 1911, fifteen foreign consulates had opened in the city.[11]
During World War I, Taganrog served as the temporary capital of the Ukrainian Soviet Republic in March-April 1918.[12] Afterwards it was occupied by the troops of the German Army from May to August 1918. In 1919, General Anton Denikin established his headquarters at the Avgerino mansion in the city while commanding White Russian troops fighting in South Russia during the Russian Civil War. When the White Russians were defeated and Bolshevik power was established in the city on 25 December 1919, Denikin's remaining troops and the British Consulate were evacuated by HMS Montrose. Full power was granted to the executive committee of The City Soviet Workers' council on 17 December 1920, and Taganrog joined the Ukrainian SSR as the administrative center of Taganrog Okrug. It was transferred to the Russian SFSR along with Shakhty Okrug on 1 October 1924.
During World War II, Taganrog was occupied by Nazi Germany from 1941 to 1943 during Operation Barbarossa, when two SS divisions entered the city on 17 October 1941, followed by the Wehrmacht. The city suffered extensive damage. Under German occupation the local government system was replaced by a German-style Bürgermeisteramt (Mayor's Office), which governed the city until it was liberated by the Red Army on 30 August 1943.
Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as Taganrog Urban Okrug—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[13] As a municipal division, this administrative unit also has urban okrug status.[14]
Taganrog is the leading industrial center of Rostov Oblast. Local industry is represented by aerospace, machine-building, automobile, military, iron and steel industry, engineering, metal traders and processors, timber, woodwork, pulp and paper, food, light, chemical and construction materials. The city is one of the major ports of the Sea of Azov.
The biggest company currently operating in Taganrog is Taganrog Iron & Steel Factory, (publicly traded company Tagmet), which manufactures steel, steel pipe, for oil and gas industry and consumer goods. The other major employer is Taganrog Auto Factory (TagAZ Ltd.), which originated from Taganrog Combine Harvester Factory. The plant manufactures automobiles licensed by Hyundai. The production line includes Hyundai Accent compact sedan, mid-size Hyundai Sonata, sport utility vehicle Santa Fe, and Hyundai Porter pickup truck. Taganrog is also home to the aircraft design bureau Beriev.
The area around Taganrog has a large industrial potential, a diversified agricultural industry, production plants, and a modern infrastructure. The location of Taganrog on the intersection of traffic routes and the seaport facilitate access to the emerging CIS markets.
Taganrog's main trading partners are the CIS countries, South Korea, Turkey, Italy, Greece, and Egypt.
The Taganrog air base is 6frac=2NaNfrac=2 northwest of the city and hosts the Taganrog Aviation Museum. The city also hosts the Taganrog military museum.
The climate of Taganrog is temperate (Köppen climate classification Cfa/Dfa). Taganrog experiences moderately cold (mild by Russian standards) winters and hot summers.
See also: List of monuments and memorials in Taganrog.
Bishop's House, also known as Kirsanov's house, Shtalberg House and Telegraph House are located in Taganrog.
Anton Chekhov featured the city and its people in many of his works, including Ionych, The House with an Attic, The Man in a Shell, Van'ka, Three Years, Mask, and My Life. It is believed that Taganrog may have been the Lukomorye (fairy tale land) in which Alexander Pushkin's Ruslan and Lyudmila (1820) was set.[15] The city also appeared in the novels of Ivan Vasilenko and Konstantin Paustovsky and in the poems of Nikolay Sherbina and Valentin Parnakh.
The legend of "Elder Fyodor Kuzmich" is cited in the book Roza Mira by Russian mystic Daniil Andreyev. According to this legend, the Russian tsar Alexander I did not die in Taganrog, but instead left his crown and the status of monarch to continue his life as a traveling hermit.[16]
In foreign literature, the city was mentioned in the titles of Der Tote von Taganrog by and Taganrog by Reinhold Schneider.
In 2004 Sabine Wichert published a collection of poems entitled Taganrog.
In Maria Kuncewiczowa's 1945 novel The Stranger (New York, LB Fischer publisher), the city of Taganrog plays an essential role as a place of nostalgic happiness for the uprooted Polish musician and matriarch, Rose.
See main article: List of people from Taganrog.
Numerous Russian and international aristocrats, politicians, artists, and scientists were born and/or have lived in Taganrog. Taganrog is the native city of
It is also associated with:
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia.
Antratsyt, Ukraine (2012)
Jining, China (2009) Khartsyzk, Ukraine (2009) Odesa, Ukraine