Taegeuk Sam Jang Explained

Taegek Sam Jang is the third of eight taekwondo forms practiced by the Kukkiwon and the World Taekwondo Federation. A form, or poomsae (also romanized as pumsae or poomse), is a choreographed pattern of defense-and-attack motions. Taegeuk Sam Jang is often (but not universally) practiced by students of Kukkiwon/WTF-style taekwondo with rank of 6th geup. Sixth geup students of Kukkiwon/WTF-style taekwondo practice this form in order to advance to the next rank (5th geup).

Etymology

thumb|The taegeuk symbolThe word taegeuk (pronounced as /ko/) refers to the universe from which all things and values are derived.[1] [2] It is also the symbol that makes up the center of the flag of South Korea and the source for its name, taegeukgi (hangul: 태극기, where gi means "flag").[3] The taegeuk is commonly associated with Korean Taoism philosophical values[4] as well as Korean shamanism.[5]

The word sam is the number 3 in the Sino-Korean numbering system. The word jang translates roughly as "chapter" or "part". Taegeuk Sam Jang translates as "Part 3 of the Taegeuk".

Symbolism

The floor pattern (or yeon-mu) of each taegeuk poomsae is three parallel lines. On each line, a 180 degree turn is performed.

The floor pattern of each taegeuk poomsae then represents three broken or solid lines, called trigrams or gwae (bagua in Chinese). Each trigram (gwae) corresponds to a natural element.

乾 Qián
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兌 Duì
離 Lí
震 Zhèn
巽 Xùn
坎 Kǎn
艮 Gèn
坤 Kūn
Heaven/Sky Lake/Marsh Fire Thunder Wind Water Mountain Earth
天 Tiān 澤(泽) Zé 火 Huǒ 雷 Léi 風(风) Fēng 水 Shuǐ 山 Shān 地 Dì
GunTaeYiJinSeonGamGanGon
The first and last turns of Taegeuk Sam Jang are performed by moving the lead foot. The middle turn is performed by pivoting in-place. This indicates that the associated trigram is a solid line, a broken line, and a solid line; this is the trigram for fire ("yi"). The Kukkiwon teaches that this poomsae should be performed with energy, like a fire.[6]

Techniques

This poomsae builds up on the two prior forms (Taegeuk Il Jang and Taegeuk Ee Jang) and introduces "knife hand" techniques, specifically:

In addition, this form introduces the first combinations involving three techniques:

Development

During the 1920s and 1930s many of the pioneers of taekwondo studied karate or Chinese martial arts in which forms practice is seen as an essential element of the martial art. When these pioneers returned to Korea after the Japanese occupation, they incorporated forms practice into their teaching. During the 1960s there were several efforts among these pioneers to unify their styles of martial art and create a consolidated set of forms. In 1965 the Korea Taekwondo Association appointed a committee of representatives from six of the Nine Kwans to develop the forms for what is now called Kukkiwon- or WTF-style taekwondo.[7] The committee consisted of:

In 1967, this committee introduced the Palgwae and Yudanja (Black Belt) forms (including a simpler version of Koryo). In 1971 two additional kwans joined the committee:

This expanded committee went on to develop the Taegeuk forms.

See also

Notes and References

  1. Book: Gukgiwon (국기원). Taekwondo textbook. 2005. 오성출판사. Seoul. 303. 2 March 2016.
  2. Book: Rogers. William Elford. Interpreting Interpretation: Textual Hermeneutics as an Ascetic Discipline. 1994. Pennsylvania State University Press. University Park, Pa. 9780271010618. 303. 2 March 2016.
  3. Book: Korean overseas information service. Handbook of Korea.. 2003. Korean Overseas Information Service. Seoul. 9788973750054. 568. 11.. 3 March 2016.
  4. Book: Kim. Sang Yil. Ro. Young Chan. Hanism as Korean mind : interpretation of Han philosophy. 1984. Eastern Academy of Human Sciences. Los Angeles, Calif.. 0932713009. 66. 2 March 2016.
  5. http://www.san-shin.org/Sacred-Mtns-01.html Korea's Sam-Taegeuk Symbol
  6. Book: Kim, Soon-Bae. Taekwondo Textbook. Kukkiwon. 2012. 978-8973367504. Seoul.
  7. Web site: A Modern History of Taekwondo. Kang. Won-Sik. www.stanford.edu. Stanford University. 9 June 2016.