| Flag Size: | 120x80px | ||
| Seal Size: | 100x80px | ||
| Image Map1: |
| ||
| Pushpin Map: |
| ||
| Pushpin Label Position: | right | ||
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location within the | ||
| Subdivision Type: | Country | ||
| Subdivision Name: | Philippines | ||
| Subdivision Type1: | Region | ||
| Subdivision Type2: | Province | ||
| Nickname: | |||
| Motto: | City of Love, Beauty and Progresses | ||
| Subdivision Type3: | District | ||
| Established Title: | Founded | ||
| Established Date: | 1770 | ||
| Established Title2: | Provincial capital | ||
| Established Date2: | February 26, 1830 | ||
| Established Title3: | Cityhood[3] | ||
| Established Date3: | June 20, 1952 | ||
| Established Title4: | Highly urbanized city[4] | ||
| Established Date4: | December 18, 2008 | ||
| Parts Type: | Barangay | ||
| Parts Style: | para | ||
| P1: | (see Barangays) | ||
| Leader Name: | Alfred S. Romualdez (Nacionalista) | ||
| Leader Title1: | Vice Mayor | ||
| Leader Name1: | Edwin Y. Chua (Aksyon) | ||
| Leader Name2: | Ferdinand Martin G. Romualdez (Lakas) | ||
| Leader Title3: | City Council | ||
| Leader Title4: | Electorate | ||
| Leader Name4: | voters (electorate_point_in_time}}|) | ||
| Elevation Max M: | 574 | ||
| Elevation Min M: | 0 | ||
| Population Density Km2: | auto | ||
| Population Blank1 Title: | Households | ||
| Population Demonym: | Taclobanon | ||
| Timezone: | PST | ||
| Utc Offset: | +08:00 | ||
| Postal Code Type: | ZIP code | ||
| Demographics Type1: | Economy | ||
| Demographics1 Info1: | ₱45,283 million (2021)[5] $899 million (2021)[6] | ||
| Demographics1 Title3: | Poverty incidence | ||
| Demographics1 Info3: | % | ||
| Demographics1 Title4: | Revenue | ||
| Demographics1 Title5: | Revenue rank | ||
| Demographics1 Title6: | Assets | ||
| Demographics1 Title7: | IRA | ||
| Demographics1 Title8: | Expenditure | ||
| Demographics1 Title10: | Liabilities | ||
| Demographics Type2: | Service provider | ||
| Demographics2 Title1: | Electricity | ||
| Demographics2 Title2: | Water | ||
| Demographics2 Title3: | Telecommunications | ||
| Demographics2 Title4: | Cable TV | ||
| Blank1 Name Sec1: | Native languages | ||
| Blank2 Name Sec1: | Crime index | ||
| Blank1 Name Sec2: | Major religions | ||
| Blank2 Name Sec2: | Feast date | ||
| Blank3 Name Sec2: | Catholic diocese | ||
| Blank4 Name Sec2: | Patron saint | ||
Tacloban (; in Tagalog pronounced as /tɐkˈloban/), officially the City of Tacloban (Waray: Syudad han Tacloban; Filipino; Pilipino: Lungsod ng Tacloban), is a highly urbanized city on Leyte island in the Eastern Visayas region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, Tacloban has a population of 251,881, making it the most populous city in the Eastern Visayas. The city is located 360miles southeast from Manila.
Tacloban is the regional center of the Eastern Visayas region and also the largest city and capital of the province of Leyte wherein it is geographically situated and grouped under the province by the Philippine Statistics Authority, but the city is governed and administered independently from it.
Tacloban City was briefly the capital of the Philippines under the Commonwealth Government, from October 20, 1944, to February 27, 1945. In an extensive survey conducted by the Asian Institute of Management Policy Center and released in July 2010, Tacloban City ranks as the fifth most competitive city in the Philippines, and second in the emerging cities category.[7] On November 8, 2013, the city was largely destroyed by Typhoon Haiyan, having previously suffered similar destruction and loss of life in 1897 and 1912.[8] On January 17, 2015, Pope Francis visited Tacloban during his Papal Visit to the Philippines and held a mass at Barangay San Jose, and later he led mass of 30,000 people in front of the airport.
The place got its name from the word taklub, a bamboo tray used to catch crabs or shrimp.[9]
Tacloban was first known as Kankabatok, an allusion to the first inhabitants - Kabatok. They established their dwellings in the vicinity of the present day Santo Niño Church. Others who came later were Gumoda, Haraging and Huraw who erected their own settlements in nearby sites. Huraw
The constant threat of pirates due to its lack of a natural barrier hindered the development and progress of the settlement. And so the place never figured out in the early centuries of the Spanish colonization of Leyte. When the Jesuits (the first evangelizers of Leyte) left in 1768, the Augustinians took over and in 1770 they established the barrio with a chapel (visita) of Tacloban under the jurisdiction of Palo.
The Augustinians who came from the Province of the Holy Name of Jesus based in Cebu were also responsible in introducing the devotion to the Santo Niño becoming therefore the heavenly patron of the settlement. With the Moro raids in check, the place became a hub for commercial activity and soon after the place was renamed Tacloban becoming an independent municipality and then capital of the province of Leyte. In 1843, the Augustinians ceded the administration of the parish to the Franciscans.
The change of the name came about in this manner: Kankabatok was a favorite haunt of fishermen. They would use a bamboo contraption called a "taklub" to catch crabs, shrimps or fish. When asked where they were going, the fishermen would answer, "(to) tarakluban", which meant the place where they used the device to catch these marine resources. Eventually, the name Tarakluban or Tacloban took prominence.
It is not known when Tacloban became a municipality because records supporting this fact were destroyed during a typhoon. It is commonly believed that Tacloban was officially proclaimed a municipality in 1770s. In 1768, Leyte and Samar were separated into two provinces, each constituting a politico-military province. Due to its strategic location, Tacloban became a vital trading point between the two provinces.
The capital of Leyte was transferred from one town to another with Tacloban as the last on February 26, 1830. The decision to make Tacloban the capital was based on the following reasons: 1) ideal location of the port and 2) well-sheltered and adequate facilities. On June 20, 1952, Tacloban was proclaimed a chartered city by virtue of Republic Act No. 760.
The arrival of Colonel Arthur Murray in 1901 made him the first military governor of Leyte. His first official act was the opening of Tacloban port to world commerce. Before World War II, Tacloban was the commercial, education, social and cultural center of the Province of Leyte. Copra and abaca were exported in large quantities. The leading institutions were: Leyte Normal School, Leyte High School, Leyte Trade School, Holy Infant Academy and Tacloban Catholic Institute.
In November 1912, a typhoon swept through the central Philippines and "practically destroyed" Tacloban. In Tacloban and Capiz on the island of Panay, the death toll was 15,000, half the population of those cities at the time.[10]
On May 25, 1942, Japanese forces landed in Tacloban, signalling the beginning of their two-year occupation of Leyte. They fortified the city and improved its airfield. Since San Pedro Bay was ideal for larger vessels, the Japanese Imperial Naval Forces made Tacloban a port of call and entry. This time was considered the darkest in the history of Tacloban and the country due to the incidences of torture among civilians, including the elderly. In response, guerrilla groups operated in Leyte - the most notable of which was the group of Ruperto Kangleon. The Japanese established a "comfort station" in the city, where they kidnapped local girls, teenagers and young adults who they then forced into becoming sex slaves under the gruesome "comfort women" system.[11] [12] [13]
Leyte was the first to be liberated by the combined Filipino and American troops. General Douglas MacArthur's assault troops landed in the Tacloban and Palo beaches (White Beach and Red Beach, respectively) and in the neighboring town of Dulag (Blue Beach) on October 20, 1944. These landings signaled the eventual victory of the Filipino and American forces and the fulfillment of MacArthur's famous promise: "I Shall Return."
Three days later, on October 23, at a ceremony at the Capitol Building in Tacloban, MacArthur, accompanied by President Sergio Osmeña, made Tacloban the temporary seat of the Commonwealth Government and temporary capital of the Philippines until the complete liberation of the country.[14] The provincial government of Leyte and the municipal government of Tacloban were re-established.
Paulo Jaro was the Liberation mayor of Tacloban. The first mayor of this capital upon inauguration of the Philippine Republic was Epifanio Aguirre.
On January 8, 1960, MacArthur made his "sentimental" journey to Leyte. He was greeted with cheers by locals when he visited Tacloban.
The city was proclaimed as a highly urbanized city by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on October 4, 2008[15] and ratified by the people on December 18, 2008.[16] Tacloban was officially declared an HUC at 10:40PM of that day.
See main article: Typhoon Haiyan. On November 8, 2013 (PST), Tacloban was hit by the full force of Typhoon Haiyan, causing massive destruction across the city. Dead bodies were scattered on the streets, trees were uprooted, and a 130NaN0 storm surge largely destroyed the airport, though it functioned soon after as a makeshift command and evacuation center.[17] After taking a helicopter flight over the city, US Marine Brigadier General Paul Kennedy was quoted as saying, "I don't believe there is a single structure that is not destroyed or severely damaged in some way – every single building, every single house."[18] Widespread looting and violence is reported to have taken place[19] and local government virtually collapsed, as many city officials were victims.[20] President Aquino declared a state of emergency in Tacloban. The official final death toll stood at 6,201.[21]
See main article: Pope Francis's visit to the Philippines.
On January 17, 2015, Pope Francis, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church, arrived in Tacloban to celebrate Mass with the survivors of Haiyan (Yolanda).[22] The pope arrived at Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport on a flight operated by Philippine Airlines.
Tacloban is located on the northeastern tip of Leyte island, with its easternmost part facing Cancabato Bay. The bay is at the east mouth of San Juanico Strait. The Tacloban territory follows the length of the strait, along with Babatngon municipality north of the city. The strait divides the islands of Leyte and Samar.
Tacloban is politically subdivided into 138 barangays. Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios.
| Name | |
| 1 | Libertad |
| 2 | Jones |
| 3 | Upper Nulatula |
| 4 | Libertad |
| 5 | T. Claudio |
| 5-A | T. Claudio |
| 6 | |
| 6-A | Sto. Nino |
| 7 | |
| 8 | T. Claudio |
| 8-A | |
| 12 | GE Palanog |
| 13 | Salazar/J. Romualdez |
| 14 | |
| 15 | |
| 16 | |
| 17 | |
| 18 | |
| 19 | |
| 20 | |
| 21 | P. Burgos |
| 22 | |
| 23 | |
| 23-A | |
| 24 | |
| 25 | |
| 26 | P.Gomez |
| 27 | |
| 28 | |
| 29 | P.Gomez |
| 30 Burgos | |
| 31 | |
| 32 | |
| 33 | |
| 34 | Real |
| 35 | |
| 35-A | |
| 36 | Sabang |
| 36-A | Sabang |
| 37 | Sea Wall |
| 37-A | G.E. Palanog Gawad Kalinga Village |
| 38 | Calvary Hill |
| 39 | Calvary Hill |
| 40 | Calvary Hill |
| 41 | Calvary Hill |
| 42-A | Quarry |
| 42-B | Quarry |
| 43-A | Quarry |
| 43-B | Quarry |
| 44-A | Quarry |
| 44-B | Quarry |
| 45 | |
| 46 | Imelda/Juan Luna |
| 47 | |
| 48-A | |
| 48-B | |
| 49 | Youngfield |
| 50 | Youngfield |
| 50-A | Youngfield |
| 50-B | Youngfield |
| 51 | |
| 51-A | |
| 52 | Lucban Magallanes |
| 53 | Magallanes |
| 54 | Magallanes |
| 54-A | Magallanes |
| 55 | El Reposo |
| 56 | El Reposo |
| 56-A | El Reposo |
| 57 | Whitelane Sampaguita |
| 58 | |
| 59 | Sagkahan Picas |
| 59-A | Sampaguita |
| 59-B | Sampaguita |
| 59-E | Sagkahan Picas |
| 60 | Sagkahan Aslum |
| 60-A | Sagkahan |
| 61 | Sagkahan |
| 62 | Sagkahan Saging |
| 62-A | Sagkahan Ilong |
| 62-B | Sagkahan Picas |
| 63 | Sagkahan Mangga |
| 64 | Sagkahan Bliss |
| 65 | |
| 66 | Anibong |
| 66-A | Anibong |
| 67 | Anibong |
| 68 | Anibong |
| 69 | Anibong, Happy Land |
| 70 | Anibong, Rawis |
| 71 | Naga-naga |
| 72 | PHHC Seaside |
| 73 | PHHC Mountainside |
| 74 | Lower Nula-Tula |
| 75 | Fatima Village |
| 76 | Fatima Village |
| 77 | Fatima Village |
| 78 | Marasbaras |
| 79 | Marasbaras |
| 80 | Marasbaras |
| 81 | Marasbaras |
| 82 | Marasbaras |
| 83 | Paraiso |
| 83-A | Burayan |
| 83-B | San Jose, Cogon |
| 83-C | San Jose |
| 84 | San Jose |
| 85 | San Jose |
| 86 | San Jose |
| 87 | San Jose |
| 88 | San Jose |
| 89 | San Jose, Baybay |
| 90 | San Jose |
| 91 | Abucay |
| 92 | Apitong |
| 93 | Bagacay |
| 94 | Tigbao |
| 94-A | Basper |
| 95 | Caibaan |
| 95-A | Caibaan |
| 96 | Calanipawan |
| 97 | Cabalawan |
| 98 | Camansihay |
| 99 | Diit |
| 100 | San Roque |
| 101 | New Kawayan |
| 102 | Kawayan |
| 103 | Palanog |
| 103-A | San Paglaum |
| 104 | Salvacion |
| 105 | Suhi |
| 106 | Santo. Niño |
| 107 | Santa Elena |
| 108 | Tagapuro |
| 109 | V&G Subdivision |
| 109-A | V&G Subdivision |
| 110 | Utap |
Tacloban has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen: Af) but due to the numerous cyclones present in the area, the climate is not equatorial. Tropical rainforest climates are tropical climates in which there is no dry season - all months have mean precipitation values of at least 60mm. Tropical rainforest climates have no pronounced summer or winter; it is typically wet throughout the year and rainfall is both heavy and frequent. One day in an equatorial climate can be very similar to the next, while the change in temperature between day and night may be larger than the average change in temperature between "summer" and "winter".
The average high (daytime) temperature for the year in Tacloban is 31.1C. The warmest month on average is May with an average daytime temperature of 32.3C. The coolest month on average is January and February, with an average (nighttime) temperature of 23.4C.
The highest recorded temperature was 38C, recorded on April 6, 1924, and in August. The lowest recorded temperature in Tacloban is 17.5C which was recorded in December.
The average rainfall for the year is 2659.3abbr=outNaNabbr=out, with the most rainfall on average in December with 386mm and the least on average in April with 115.2mm.
According to the 2020 census, Tacloban has a population of 251,881 inhabitants.
Tacloban is predominantly a Waray-speaking city. The language is also officially called Lineyte-Samarnon ("Leyte-Samarnon") and is spoken by more than 90% of the total city population. Waray-Waray, aside from being the native language of the city, is also the lingua franca used in the city among Filipinos of various ethnic groups.
Tacloban is culturally and linguistically diverse. A decade before the end of Spanish sovereignty, it was largely a typical colonial community: most of its residents were either pure Iberian families or the new generations of Spanish-Filipino blood. Today's population consists of a mix of Spanish and Chinese mestizos, foreign expatriates and native Leyteños.
Other Filipino ethnic groups who migrated to the city are the Cebuano/Kana/Visayan speaking populace accounts for 6.08% of the total population, 0.80% are Tagalog, 0.10% are Ilocano, 0.07% are Kapampangan, and 2.95% come from other ethnic origins, including Hiligaynon, Maguindanaon, Maranao and Tausug.
88.52% of the residents of Tacloban City are Roman Catholic; 6.12% are Muslims (most are Maranao migrants from Mindanao); 0.83% are of the indigenous Christian denomination, Iglesia ni Cristo; 0.94% are Evangelicals (born-again Christians); Baptists 0.80%; 0.49% Seventh-Day Adventists. Others comprise 3.10%.
Tacloban is the economic center of the entire Eastern Visayas, with an economy largely focused on agriculture, commerce, and tourism. Proximal to the city proper is the 237-hectare Eastern Visayas Agri-Industrial Growth Center (EVRGC), which was approved and accredited by the Philippine Economic Zone Authority by virtue of Presidential Proclamation No. 1210 on April 23, 1998. EVRGC serves as an eco-industrial hub with the Tacloban city government as its developer and operator. Several regional broadcasters are also based in the city including ABS-CBN TV-2 Tacloban, GMA TV-10 Tacloban and PRTV-12 Tacloban. The Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport also makes the city a key regional transportation hub.
Tacloban is one of the fastest-growing cities in the Philippines, and has one of the lowest poverty incidence rates in the country (at roughly 9%, while the national poverty incidence stands at 30%). After its massive devastation on November 8, 2013, Tacloban was declared by its local government as a start-up city, which means everything had to start back from scratch. Currently the city is experiencing a rapid economic recovery.
The executive power of the City Government is vested in the mayor. The Sangguniang Panlungsod or the city council has the legislative power to create city ordinances. It is a unicameral body composed of ten elected councilors and certain numbers of ex officio and sectoral representatives. It is presided by the vice mayor, the mayor and the elected city councilors who are elected-at-large every three years. The current city mayor is Alfred Romualdez.
The city government ceased to be under the supervision of the provincial government after it became a highly urbanized city in 2008. The city is now under the direct supervision of the national government.
Tacloban City is part of the 1st District of Leyte, alongside seven other municipalities: Alangalang, Babatngon, Palo, San Miguel, Santa Fe, Tanauan, and Tolosa. The district is currently represented by Congressman Martin Romualdez.
The official Seal of Tacloban is the symbol of the city's identity when it became a city under Republic Act No. 760 on June 20, 1952.
The city's emblem stands for the following physical attributes and character:[23]
The week-long celebrations peaks on June 30,[24] the Grand fiesta of Tacloban celebrated with the traditional turn-over ceremonies of the "Teniente" made by the immediate past Hermano Mayor to the incoming Hermano Mayor. This is accompanied by the ritual of giving the medallion containing the names of all Hermanos Pasados and the Standartes. Fireworks and grand parades mark the occasion. Every house in the city prepares a feast and opens its doors to guests and well wishers.
See main article: Transportation in Tacloban. Tacloban is served by air, multicabs, taxis, jeepneys, buses, tricycles and pedicabs. The city host the Daniel Z. Romualdez Airport. The New Transport Terminal of Tacloban City or New Bus Terminal located in Abucay district serves as the land transportation hub to and from various points in the region. The San Juanico Bridge connects the city to the town of Santa Rita in Samar.
As the regional center of Eastern Visayas, Tacloban offers a range of healthcare services. There are a number of hospitals and other medical institutions serving the city's population.
See main article: Education in Tacloban.
Tacloban has a variety of educational institutions both public and private.
Notable institutions include:
Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan[26]