Table of metaheuristics explained
This is a chronological table of metaheuristic algorithms that only contains fundamental computational intelligence algorithms. Hybrid algorithms and multi-objective algorithms are not listed in the table below.
Categories
- Evolutionary-based
- Trajectory-based
- Nature-inspired
- Swarm-based
- Bio-inspired
- Physics/Chemistry-based
- Human-based
- Plant-based
- Art-inspired
- Ancient-inspired
The table
!Name!Abbreviation!Main category!Subcategory!Year published!Ref.Simulated Annealing | SA | Trajectory-based | -|1983|[1] |-|Tabu Search|TS|Trajectory-based|- | 1989 | [2] |
Genetic Algorithm | GA | Evolutionary-based | -|1992|[3] |-|Evolutionary Algorithm|EA|Evolutionary-based|- |1994
|-|Cultural Algorithm|CA|||1994|[4] |-|Particle Swarm Optimization|PSO|Nature-inspired|Swarm-based |1995|[5] |-|Differential Evaluation|DE|Evolutionary-based|-
| 1997 | [6] |
Local Search | LS | | | 1997 | |
Variable neighborhood search | VNS | Trajectory-based | - | 1997 | [7] |
Guided Local Search | GLS | Trajectory-based | - | 1998 | [8] |
Clonal Selection Algorithm | CSA | Evolutionary-based | - | 2000 | [9] |
Harmony Search | HS | Evolutionary-based | -|2001|[10] |-|Memetic Algorithm|MA|Evolutionary-based|- | 2002 | |
Iterative Local Search | ILS | Trajectory-based | -|2003|[11] |-|Artificial Bee Colony|ABC|Nature-inspired|Bio-inspired|2005|[12] |-|Ant Colony Optimization|ACO|Nature-inspired|Bio-inspired|2006|[13] |-|Glowworm Swarm Optimization|GSO|Nature-inspired|Swarm-based |2006|[14] |-|Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm|SFLA|Nature-inspired|Bio-inspired|2006|[15] |-|Invasive Weed Optimization|IWO|Nature-inspired|Plant-based|2006|[16] |-|Seeker Optimization Algorithm|SOA|Nature-inspired|Human-based|2006|[17] |-|Imperialistic Competitive Algorithm|ICA|Nature-inspired|Human-based|2007|[18] |-|Central Force Optimization|CFO|||2007|[19] |-|Biogeography Based Optimization|BBO|Nature-inspired|Human-based|2008|[20] |-|Firefly Algorithm|FA|Nature-inspired|Bio-inspired|2008|[21] |-|Intelligent Water Drops|IWD|Nature-inspired|Swarm-based|2008|[22] |-|Monkey Algorithm|MA|Nature-inspired|Bio-inspired|2008|[23] |-|Cuckoo Search|CS|Nature-inspired|Bio-inspired|2009|[24] |-|Group Search Optimizer|GSO|Nature-inspired|Swarm-based|2009|[25] |-|Key Cutting Algorithm|KCA|||2009|[26] |-|Hunting Search|HS|Nature-inspired|Swarm-based|2009|[27] |-|Chemical Reaction Optimization|CRO|Nature-inspired|Physics/Chemistry-based|2009|[28] |-|Bat Algorithm|BA|Nature-inspired|Bio-inspired|2010|[29] |-|Charged System Search|CSS|Nature-inspired|Physics/Chemistry-based|2010|[30] |-|Eagle Strategy|ES|Nature-inspired||2010||-|Fireworks Algorithm|FWA|||2010|[31] |-|Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm|COA|Nature-inspired|Bio-inspired|2011|[32] |-|Stochastic Diffusion Search|SDS|||2011||-|Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization|TLBO|Nature-inspired|Human-based|2011|[33] |-|Bacterial Colony Optimization|BCO|||2012|[34] |-|Fruit Fly Optimization|FFO|||2012||-|Krill Herd Algorithm|KHA|Nature-inspired|Bio-inspired |2012|[35] |-|Migrating Birds Optimization|MBO|Nature-inspired|Swarm-based|2012|[36] |-|Water Cycle Algorithm|WCA|||2012||-|Backtracking Search Algorithm|BSA|Evolutionary-based|-|2013|[37] |-|Black Hole Algorithm|BH|Nature-inspired|Physics/Chemistry-based |2013|[38] |-|Dolphin Echolocation|DE|Nature-inspired|Bio-inspired|2013|[39] |-|Animal Migration Optimization|AMO|Nature-inspired|Swarm-based|2013|[40] |-|Keshtel Algorithm|KA|Nature-inspired||2014|[41] |-|SDA Optimization Algorithm|SDA|Nature-inspired|Bio-inspired|2014|[42] |-|Artificial Root Foraging Algorithm|ARFA|Nature-inspired|Plant-based|2014|[43] |-|Bumble Bees Mating Optimization|BBMO|||2014||-|Chicken Swarm Optimization|CSO|Nature-inspired|Bio-inspired|2014|[44] |-|Colliding Bodies Optimization|CBO|||2014|[45] |-|Coral Reefs Optimization Algorithm|CROA|||2014||-|Flower Pollination Algorithm|FPA|Nature-inspired|Plant-based|2014|[46] |-|Radial Movement Optimization|RMO|Nature-inspired|Swarm-based|2014|[47] |-|Spider Monkey Optimization|SMO|Nature-inspired|Bio-inspired|2014|[48] |-|Soccer League Competition|SLC|Nature-inspired|Human-based|2014|[49] |-|Artificial Algae Algorithm|AAA|||2015|[50] |-|Adaptive Dimensional Search|ADS|||2015||-|Alienated Ant Algorithm|AAA|||2015||-|Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm|AFSA|Nature-inspired||2015||-|Bottlenose Dolphin Optimization|BDO|Nature-inspired||2015|[51] |-|Cricket Algorithm|CA|||2015|[52] |-|Elephant Search Algorithm|ESA|Nature-inspired|Bio-inspired|2015|[53] |-|Grey Wolf Optimizer|GWO|Nature-inspired|Bio-inspired |2015|[54] |-|Jaguar Algorithm|JA|Nature-inspired|Bio-inspired|2015|[55] |-|Locust Swarm Algorithm|LSA|Nature-inspired|Swarm-based|2015|[56] |-|Moth-Flame Optimization|MFO|Nature-inspired|Bio-inspired|2015|[57] |-|Stochastic Fractal Search|SFF|Evolutionary-based|- | 2015 | [58] |
Vortex Search Algorithm | VSA | Nature-inspired | Physics/Chemistry-based | 2015 | [59] |
Water Wave Optimization | WWA | Nature-inspired | Physics/Chemistry-based | 2015 | [60] |
Ant Lion Optimizer | ALO | Nature-inspired | Bio-inspired | 2015 | [61] |
African Buffalo Optimization | ABO | Nature-inspired | Swarm-based | 2015 | [62] |
Lightning Search Algorithm | LSA | Nature-inspired | Physics/Chemistry-based | 2015 | [63] |
Across Neighborhood Search | ANS | Evolutionary-based | -|2016|[64] |-|Crow Search Algorithm|CSA|Nature-inspired|Bio-inspired|2016|[65] |-|Electromagnetic Field Optimization|EFO|Nature-inspired|Physics/Chemistry-based|2016|[66] |-|Joint Operations Algorithm|JOA|Nature-inspired|Swarm-based|2016|[67] |-|Lion Optimization Algorithm|LOA|Nature-inspired|Bio-inspired|2016|[68] |-|Sine Cosine Algorithm|SCA|Nature-inspired|Physics/Chemistry-based|2016|[69] |-|Virus Colony Search|VCS|Nature-inspired|Bio-inspired|2016|[70] |-|Whale Optimization Algorithm|WOA|Nature-inspired|Bio-inspired|2016|[71] |-|Red Deer Algorithm|RDA|Nature-inspired|Bio-inspired|2016|[72] |-|Phototropic Optimization Algorithm|POA|Nature-inspired|Plant-based|2018|[73] |-|Coyote Optimization Algorithm|COA|Nature-inspired|Swarm-based |2018|[74] |-|Owl Search Algorithm|OSA|Nature-inspired|Bio-inspired|2018|[75] |-|Squirrel Search Algorithm|SSA|Nature-inspired|Bio-inspired|2018|[76] |-|Social Engineering Optimizer|SEO|Nature-inspired|Human-based|2018|[77] |-|Emperor Penguin Optimizer|EPO|Nature-inspired|Bio-inspired|2018|[78] |-|Socio Evolution and Learning Optimization|SELO|Nature-inspired|Human-based|2018|[79] |-|Future Search Algorithm|FSA|Nature-inspired|Human-based|2019|[80] |-|Emperor Penguins Colony|EPC|Nature-inspired|Swarm-based |2019|[81] |-|Thermal Exchange Optimization|TEO|Nature-inspired|Physics/Chemistry-based |2019|[82] |-|Harris Hawks Optimization|HHO|Nature-inspired|Bio-inspired|2019|[83] |-|Political Optimizer|PO|Nature-inspired|Human-based|2020|[84] |-|Heap-Based Optimizer|HBO|Nature-inspired|Human-based|2020|[85] |-|Color Harmony Algorithm|CHA|Art-inspired| Color-based|2020|[86] |-|Stochastic Paint Optimizer|SPO|Art-inspired|Color-based|2020|[87] |-|Mayfly Optimization Algorithm|MOA|Nature-inspired|Bio-inspired|2020|[88] |-|Giza Pyramids Construction|GPC|Ancient-inspired|- | 2020 | [89] |
Fire Hawk Optimizer | FHO | Nature-inspired | Bio-inspired | 2022 | [90] |
Flying Fox Optimization Algorithm | FFO | Nature-inspired | Bio-inspired | 2023 | [91] |
Waterwheel Plant Algorithm | WWPA | Nature-inspired | Plant-based | 2023 | [92] |
Energy Valley Optimizer | EVO | Nature-inspired | Physics/Chemistry-based | 2023 | [93] |
Special Forces Algorithm | SFA | Nature-inspired | Swarm-based | 2023 | [94] |
Squid Game Optimizer | SGO | Nature-inspired | Human-based | 2023 | [95] |
Snow Ablation Optimizer | SAO | Nature-inspired | Physics/Chemistry-based | 2023 | [96] |
Spider Wasp Optimization | SWO | Nature-inspired | Bio-inspired | 2023 | [97] |
Dujiangyan Irrigation System | DISO | Ancient-inspired | - | 2023 | [98] |
Great Wall Construction Algorithm | GWCA | Ancient-inspired | - | 2023 | [99] |
Puma Optimizer | PO | Nature-inspired | Bio-inspired | 2024 | [100] |
Walrus Optimizer | WO | Nature-inspired | Bio-inspired | 2024 | [101] | |
Notes and References
- Kirkpatrick. S.. Gelatt. C. D.. Vecchi. M. P.. 1983-05-13. Optimization by Simulated Annealing. Science. en. 220. 4598. 671–680. 10.1126/science.220.4598.671. 17813860. 1983Sci...220..671K. 205939. 0036-8075.
- Glover. Fred. 1989-08-01. Tabu Search—Part I. ORSA Journal on Computing. 1. 3. 190–206. 10.1287/ijoc.1.3.190. 0899-1499.
- Book: Holland, John H. . Adaptation in natural and artificial systems : an introductory analysis with applications to biology, control, and artificial intelligence . 1992 . MIT Press . 0-585-03844-9 . 1st MIT Press . Cambridge, Mass. . 42854623.
- Book: Sebald. Anthony V.. Evolutionary Programming. 1994-09-01. 1–386. Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC. 10.1142/9789814534116 . 978-981-02-1810-2. Fogel. Lawrence J..
- Book: Kennedy. J.. Eberhart. R.. Proceedings of ICNN'95 - International Conference on Neural Networks . Particle swarm optimization . November 1995. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/488968. 4. 1942–1948 vol.4. 10.1109/ICNN.1995.488968. 0-7803-2768-3. 7367791.
- Storn. Rainer. Price. Kenneth. 1997-12-01 . Differential Evolution – A Simple and Efficient Heuristic for global Optimization over Continuous Spaces. Journal of Global Optimization. en. 11. 4. 341–359 . 10.1023/A:1008202821328. 1997JGOpt..11..341S . 5297867. 1573-2916.
- Mladenović. N.. Hansen. P.. 1997-11-01. Variable neighborhood search. Computers & Operations Research. en. 24. 11. 1097–1100. 10.1016/S0305-0548(97)00031-2. 0305-0548.
- Balas. Egon. Vazacopoulos. Alkis. 1998-02-01. Guided Local Search with Shifting Bottleneck for Job Shop Scheduling. Management Science. 44. 2. 262–275. 10.1287/mnsc.44.2.262. 0025-1909.
- de Castro. L.N.. Von Zuben. F.J.. June 2002. Learning and optimization using the clonal selection principle. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation. 6. 3. 239–251. 10.1109/TEVC.2002.1011539. 1941-0026.
- Zong Woo Geem. Joong Hoon Kim. Loganathan. G.V.. February 2001. A New Heuristic Optimization Algorithm: Harmony Search. Simulation. en-US. 76. 2 . 60–68. 10.1177/003754970107600201. 20076748. 0037-5497.
- Book: Lourenço. Helena R.. Iterated Local Search. 2003. Handbook of Metaheuristics. 320–353. Glover. Fred. International Series in Operations Research & Management Science. Boston, MA. Springer US. en. 10.1007/0-306-48056-5_11. 978-0-306-48056-0. Martin. Olivier C.. Stützle. Thomas. 198489826 . Kochenberger . Gary A..
- Karaboga. Dervis. Basturk. Bahriye. 2007-11-01. A powerful and efficient algorithm for numerical function optimization: artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm . Journal of Global Optimization. en. 39. 3. 459–471. 10.1007/s10898-007-9149-x. 8540283. 1573-2916.
- Dorigo. Marco. Birattari. Mauro. Stutzle. Thomas. November 2006. Ant colony optimization. IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine. 1. 4. 28–39. 10.1109/MCI.2006.329691. 1556-6048.
- Book: Krishnanand. K.N.. Ghose. D.. Proceedings 2005 IEEE Swarm Intelligence Symposium, 2005. SIS 2005 . Detection of multiple source locations using a glowworm metaphor with applications to collective robotics . June 2005. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1501606. 84–91. 10.1109/SIS.2005.1501606. 0-7803-8916-6. 17016908.
- Eusuff. Muzaffar. Lansey. Kevin. Pasha. Fayzul . 2006-03-01. Shuffled frog-leaping algorithm: a memetic meta-heuristic for discrete optimization . Engineering Optimization. 38. 2. 129–154. 10.1080/03052150500384759 . 18117277. 0305-215X.
- Mehrabian. A. R.. Lucas. C.. 2006-12-01. A novel numerical optimization algorithm inspired from weed colonization. Ecological Informatics . en. 1. 4 . 355–366. 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2006.07.003. 2006EcInf...1..355M . 1574-9541.
- Book: Dai . Chaohua . Zhu . Yunfang . Chen . Weirong . Computational Intelligence and Security . Seeker Optimization Algorithm . 2007 . Wang . Yuping . Cheung . Yiu-ming . Liu . Hailin . https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-540-74377-4_18 . Lecture Notes in Computer Science . 4456 . en . Berlin, Heidelberg . Springer . 167–176 . 10.1007/978-3-540-74377-4_18 . 978-3-540-74377-4. 15135923 .
- Book: Atashpaz-Gargari. Esmaeil. Lucas. Caro. 2007 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation . Imperialist competitive algorithm: An algorithm for optimization inspired by imperialistic competition . September 2007. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/4425083. 4661–4667. 10.1109/CEC.2007.4425083. 978-1-4244-1339-3. 2736579.
- Formato . Richard . 2007 . Central Force Optimization: a New Metaheuristic with Applications in Applied Electromagnetics . Progress in Electromagnetics Research . English . 77 . 425–491 . 10.2528/PIER07082403 . 1070-4698. free .
- Simon. Dan. December 2008. Biogeography-Based Optimization. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation. 12. 6. 702–713. 10.1109/TEVC.2008.919004. 8319014. 1941-0026.
- Book: Yang, Xin-She. Stochastic Algorithms: Foundations and Applications . Firefly Algorithms for Multimodal Optimization . 2009. Watanabe. Osamu. Zeugmann. Thomas. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642-04944-6_14. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. 5792. en. Berlin, Heidelberg. Springer. 169–178. 10.1007/978-3-642-04944-6_14. 978-3-642-04944-6. 34975975.
- Hosseini. Hamed Shah. 2009. The intelligent water drops algorithm: a nature-inspired swarm-based optimization algorithm. International Journal of Bio-Inspired Computation. en. 1. 1/2. 71. 10.1504/IJBIC.2009.022775. 1758-0366.
- Zhao R Q, Tang W S. Monkey algorithm for global numerical optimization. Journal of Uncertain Systems. 2008,2 (3):164-175.
- Book: Yang. Xin-She. Suash Deb. Cuckoo Search via Lévy flights . 2009 World Congress on Nature & Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC) . December 2009. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5393690 . 210–214. 10.1109/NABIC.2009.5393690. 978-1-4244-5053-4. 206491725.
- He. S.. Wu. Q. H.. Saunders. J. R.. October 2009. Group Search Optimizer: An Optimization Algorithm Inspired by Animal Searching Behavior. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation. 13. 5. 973–990. 10.1109/TEVC.2009.2011992. 38375639. 1941-0026.
- Book: Qin, Jing . 2009 IEEE International Conference on Grey Systems and Intelligent Services (GSIS 2009) . A new optimization algorithm and its application - Key cutting algorithm . November 2009 . https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/5408158 . 1537–1541 . 10.1109/GSIS.2009.5408158. 978-1-4244-4914-9 . 27652599 .
- Oftadeh. R.. Mahjoob. M. J.. Shariatpanahi. M.. 2010-10-01. A novel meta-heuristic optimization algorithm inspired by group hunting of animals: Hunting search. Computers & Mathematics with Applications. en. 60. 7. 2087–2098. 10.1016/j.camwa.2010.07.049. 0898-1221.
- Lam. Albert Y. S.. Li. Victor O. K.. June 2010. Chemical-Reaction-Inspired Metaheuristic for Optimization. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation. 14. 3. 381–399. 10.1109/TEVC.2009.2033580. 10722/130634. 2281747. 1941-0026. free.
- Book: Yang, Xin-She. A New Metaheuristic Bat-Inspired Algorithm. 2010 . Nature Inspired Cooperative Strategies for Optimization (NICSO 2010). 65–74. González. Juan R.. Studies in Computational Intelligence. 284. Berlin, Heidelberg. Springer. en. 10.1007/978-3-642-12538-6_6. 978-3-642-12538-6 . 14494281. Pelta. David Alejandro. Cruz. Carlos . Terrazas. Germán.
- Kaveh. A.. Talatahari. S.. 2010-09-01. A novel heuristic optimization method: charged system search. Acta Mechanica. en. 213. 3 . 267–289 . 10.1007/s00707-009-0270-4. 119512430. 1619-6937.
- Book: Tan . Ying . Fireworks Algorithm for Optimization . 2010 . Advances in Swarm Intelligence . Lecture Notes in Computer Science . 6145 . 355–364 . Tan . Ying . Berlin, Heidelberg . Springer Berlin Heidelberg . 10.1007/978-3-642-13495-1_44 . 978-3-642-13494-4 . Zhu . Yuanchun . Shi . Yuhui . Tan . Kay Chen.
- Rajabioun. Ramin. 2011-12-01. Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm . Applied Soft Computing. en. 11. 8. 5508–5518 . 10.1016/j.asoc.2011.05.008 . 1568-4946.
- Rao. R. V.. Savsani. V. J.. Vakharia. D. P. . 2011-03-01. Teaching–learning-based optimization: A novel method for constrained mechanical design optimization problems . Computer-Aided Design. en. 43. 3. 303–315 . 10.1016/j.cad.2010.12.015. 0010-4485.
- Niu. Ben. Wang. Hong. 2012-11-27. Bacterial Colony Optimization. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society. 2012. 1–28. en. 10.1155/2012/698057. free.
- Gandomi. Amir Hossein. Alavi. Amir Hossein. 2012-12-01 . Krill herd: A new bio-inspired optimization algorithm. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation. en. 17. 12. 4831–4845. 10.1016/j.cnsns.2012.05.010 . 2012CNSNS..17.4831G. 1007-5704.
- Duman. Ekrem. Uysal. Mitat. Alkaya. Ali Fuat . 2012-12-25. Migrating Birds Optimization: A new metaheuristic approach and its performance on quadratic assignment problem. Information Sciences. en. 217. 65–77 . 10.1016/j.ins.2012.06.032. 0020-0255.
- Civicioglu. Pinar. 2013-04-01. Backtracking Search Optimization Algorithm for numerical optimization problems. Applied Mathematics and Computation. en . 219. 15 . 8121–8144. 10.1016/j.amc.2013.02.017. 0096-3003.
- Hatamlou. Abdolreza. 2013-02-10. Black hole: A new heuristic optimization approach for data clustering. Information Sciences. Including Special Section on New Trends in Ambient Intelligence and Bio-inspired Systems. en. 222. 175–184. 10.1016/j.ins.2012.08.023. 0020-0255.
- Kaveh. A.. Farhoudi. N.. 2013-05-01. A new optimization method: Dolphin echolocation. Advances in Engineering Software. en. 59. 53–70. 10.1016/j.advengsoft.2013.03.004. 0965-9978.
- Li. Xiangtao. Zhang. Jie. Yin. Minghao. 2014-06-01. Animal migration optimization: an optimization algorithm inspired by animal migration behavior . Neural Computing and Applications. en. 24. 7. 1867–1877 . 10.1007/s00521-013-1433-8. 4362350. 1433-3058.
- Chandra S S. Vinod. 2014-03-01. Solving the integrated scheduling of production and rail transportation problem by Keshtel algorithm. Applied Soft Computing. en. 25 . 3. 184–203. 10.1016/j.asoc.2014.09.034. 1568-4946.
- Chandra. Vinod. 2014-03-01. Smell Detection Agent Based Optimization Algorithm. J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. B. en. 97. 3. 431–436. 10.1007/s40031-014-0182-0. free.
- Ma. Lianbo. Hu. Kunyuan. Zhu. Yunlong. Chen. Hanning. He. Maowei. 2014. A Novel Plant Root Foraging Algorithm for Image Segmentation Problems. Mathematical Problems in Engineering. 2014. 1–16. 10.1155/2014/471209. 1024-123X. free.
- Book: Meng . Xianbing . Liu . Yu . Gao . Xiaozhi . Zhang . Hengzhen . 2014 . Tan . Ying . Shi . Yuhui . Coello . Carlos A. Coello . A New Bio-inspired Algorithm: Chicken Swarm Optimization . Advances in Swarm Intelligence . Lecture Notes in Computer Science . 8794 . en . Cham . Springer International Publishing . 86–94 . 10.1007/978-3-319-11857-4_10 . 978-3-319-11857-4.
- Kaveh . A. . Mahdavi . V. R. . 2014-07-15 . Colliding bodies optimization: A novel meta-heuristic method . Computers & Structures . en . 139 . 18–27 . 10.1016/j.compstruc.2014.04.005 . 0045-7949.
- Book: Yang, Xin-She . Flower Pollination Algorithm for Global Optimization . 2012 . Unconventional Computation and Natural Computation . Lecture Notes in Computer Science . 7445 . 240–249 . Durand-Lose . Jérôme . Berlin, Heidelberg . Springer Berlin Heidelberg . 10.1007/978-3-642-32894-7_27 . 1312.5673 . 978-3-642-32893-0 . 8021636 . Jonoska . Nataša.
- Rahmani . Rasoul . Yusof . Rubiyah . 2014-12-01 . A new simple, fast and efficient algorithm for global optimization over continuous search-space problems: Radial Movement Optimization . Applied Mathematics and Computation . en . 248 . 287–300 . 10.1016/j.amc.2014.09.102 . 0096-3003.
- Bansal. Jagdish Chand. Sharma. Harish. Jadon. Shimpi Singh. Clerc. Maurice. 2014-03-01. Spider Monkey Optimization algorithm for numerical optimization . Memetic Computing. en. 6. 1. 31–47. 10.1007/s12293-013-0128-0. 5714781. 1865-9292.
- Moosavian . Naser . Kasaee Roodsari . Babak . 2014-08-01 . Soccer league competition algorithm: A novel meta-heuristic algorithm for optimal design of water distribution networks . Swarm and Evolutionary Computation . en . 17 . 14–24 . 10.1016/j.swevo.2014.02.002 . 2210-6502.
- Uymaz. Sait Ali. Tezel. Gulay. Yel. Esra. 2015-06-01. Artificial algae algorithm (AAA) for nonlinear global optimization. Applied Soft Computing. en. 31. 153–171. 10.1016/j.asoc.2015.03.003. 1568-4946.
- Srivastava . Abhishek . Das . Dushmanta Kumar . 2022-05-11 . A bottlenose dolphin optimizer: An application to solve dynamic emission economic dispatch problem in the microgrid . Knowledge-Based Systems . en . 243 . 108455 . 10.1016/j.knosys.2022.108455 . 247077277 . 0950-7051.
- Canayaz. Murat. Karci. Ali. 2016-03-01. Cricket behaviour-based evolutionary computation technique in solving engineering optimization problems . Applied Intelligence . en. 44. 2. 362–376. 10.1007/s10489-015-0706-6 . 16194679. 1573-7497.
- Book: Deb. Suash. Fong. Simon. Tian. Zhonghuan . 2015 Tenth International Conference on Digital Information Management (ICDIM) . Elephant Search Algorithm for optimization problems . October 2015. 249–255 . 10.1109/ICDIM.2015.7381893. 978-1-4673-9152-8. 2460217.
- Mirjalili. Seyedali. Mirjalili. Seyed Mohammad. Lewis . Andrew. 2014-03-01. Grey Wolf Optimizer. Advances in Engineering Software . en. 69 . 46–61. 10.1016/j.advengsoft.2013.12.007. 0965-9978. 10072/66188 . 15532140 . free.
- Book: Chen. Chin-Chi. Tsai. Yung-Che. Liu. I-I. Lai. Chia-Chun. Yeh. Yi-Ting. Kuo. Shu-Yu. Chou. Yao-Hsin. 2015 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics . A Novel Metaheuristic: Jaguar Algorithm with Learning Behavior . October 2015. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7379414. 1595–1600. 10.1109/SMC.2015.282. 978-1-4799-8697-2. 11932094.
- Cuevas. Erik. González. Adrián. Zaldívar. Daniel . Cisneros. Marco Pérez. 2015. An optimisation algorithm based on the behaviour of locust swarms . International Journal of Bio-Inspired Computation. en. 7. 6 . 402. 10.1504/ijbic.2015.073178. 1758-0366.
- Mirjalili. Seyedali. 2015-11-01. Moth-flame optimization algorithm: A novel nature-inspired heuristic paradigm. Knowledge-Based Systems. en. 89 . 228–249 . 10.1016/j.knosys.2015.07.006. 0950-7051.
- Salimi. Hamid. 2015-02-01. Stochastic Fractal Search: A powerful metaheuristic algorithm. Knowledge-Based Systems. en. 75. 1–18 . 10.1016/j.knosys.2014.07.025 . 0950-7051.
- Doğan. Berat. Ölmez. Tamer. 2015-02-01. A new metaheuristic for numerical function optimization: Vortex Search algorithm. Information Sciences. en . 293 . 125–145. 10.1016/j.ins.2014.08.053. 8464197 . 0020-0255.
- Zheng. Yu-Jun. 2015-03-01. Water wave optimization: A new nature-inspired metaheuristic. Computers & Operations Research. en. 55. 1–11 . 10.1016/j.cor.2014.10.008 . 0305-0548. free.
- Mirjalili. Seyedali. 2015-05-01. The Ant Lion Optimizer . Advances in Engineering Software. en. 83. 80–98. 10.1016/j.advengsoft.2015.01.010. 0965-9978.
- Odili. Julius Beneoluchi. Kahar. Mohd Nizam Mohmad. Anwar. Shahid. 2015-01-01. African Buffalo Optimization: A Swarm-Intelligence Technique. Procedia Computer Science. 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Robotics and Intelligent Sensors (IEEE IRIS2015). en. 76. 443–448. 10.1016/j.procs.2015.12.291. 1877-0509. free.
- Shareef. Hussain. Ibrahim. Ahmad Asrul. Mutlag. Ammar Hussein. 2015-11-01. Lightning search algorithm. Applied Soft Computing. en. 36. 315–333. 10.1016/j.asoc.2015.07.028. 1568-4946.
- Wu. Guohua. 2016-02-01. Across neighborhood search for numerical optimization. Information Sciences. Special issue on Discovery Science. en. 329. 597–618 . 10.1016/j.ins.2015.09.051. 0020-0255. 1401.3376. 25844630.
- Askarzadeh. Alireza. 2016-06-01. A novel metaheuristic method for solving constrained engineering optimization problems: Crow search algorithm. Computers & Structures . en . 169. 1–12. 10.1016/j.compstruc.2016.03.001. 0045-7949.
- Abedinpourshotorban. Hosein. Mariyam Shamsuddin. Siti. Beheshti. Zahra. Jawawi. Dayang N. A.. 2016-02-01. Electromagnetic field optimization: A physics-inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithm. Swarm and Evolutionary Computation. en. 26. 8–22. 10.1016/j.swevo.2015.07.002. 2210-6502.
- Sun. Gaoji. Zhao. Ruiqing. Lan. Yanfei. 2016-01-01. Joint operations algorithm for large-scale global optimization. Applied Soft Computing. en. 38 . 1025–1039. 10.1016/j.asoc.2015.10.047. 1568-4946.
- Yazdani. Maziar. Jolai. Fariborz. 2016-01-01. Lion Optimization Algorithm (LOA): A nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm. Journal of Computational Design and Engineering . en. 3. 1. 24–36. 10.1016/j.jcde.2015.06.003. free.
- Mirjalili. Seyedali. 2016-03-15. SCA: A Sine Cosine Algorithm for solving optimization problems. Knowledge-Based Systems. en. 96. 120–133 . 10.1016/j.knosys.2015.12.022. 0950-7051.
- Li. Mu Dong. Zhao. Hui. Weng. Xing Wei. Han. Tong. 2016-02-01. A novel nature-inspired algorithm for optimization: Virus colony search . Advances in Engineering Software. en. 92. 65–88. 10.1016/j.advengsoft.2015.11.004. 0965-9978.
- Mirjalili. Seyedali. Lewis. Andrew. 2016-05-01. The Whale Optimization Algorithm. Advances in Engineering Software. en. 95. 51–67 . 10.1016/j.advengsoft.2016.01.008. 0965-9978.
- Fathollahi-Fard. Amir Mohammad. Hajiaghaei-Keshteli. Mostafa . Tavakkoli-Moghaddam. Reza. 2020-03-10. Red deer algorithm (RDA): a new nature-inspired meta-heuristic . Soft Computing. 24. 19. 14637–14665. en . 10.1007/s00500-020-04812-z. 215906392 . 1433-7479.
- Vinod. Chandra S S. Anand. Hareendran S. 2021. Phototropic algorithm for global optimisation problems . Applied Intelligence . 51 . 8 . 5965–5977 . en . 10.1007/s10489-020-02105-4 . 234211731.
- Book: Pierezan. Juliano. Dos Santos Coelho. Leandro. 2018 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) . Coyote Optimization Algorithm: A New Metaheuristic for Global Optimization Problems . July 2018. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8477769. 1–8. 10.1109/CEC.2018.8477769. 978-1-5090-6017-7. 52932771.
- Jain. Mohit. Maurya. Shubham. Rani. Asha. Singh. Vijander. 2018-03-22. Thampi. Sabu M.. El-Alfy. El-Sayed M.. Mitra. Sushmita. Trajkovic. Ljiljana. Owl search algorithm: A novel nature-inspired heuristic paradigm for global optimization. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems. 34. 3. 1573–1582. 10.3233/JIFS-169452.
- Jain. Mohit. Singh. Vijander. Rani. Asha. 2019-02-01. A novel nature-inspired algorithm for optimization: Squirrel search algorithm. Swarm and Evolutionary Computation. en. 44. 148–175. 10.1016/j.swevo.2018.02.013. 58952523 . 2210-6502.
- Fathollahi-Fard . Amir Mohammad . Hajiaghaei-Keshteli . Mostafa . Tavakkoli-Moghaddam . Reza . 2018-06-01 . The Social Engineering Optimizer (SEO) . Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence . en . 72 . 267–293 . 10.1016/j.engappai.2018.04.009 . 0952-1976.
- Dhiman . Gaurav . Kumar . Vijay . 2018-06-15 . Emperor penguin optimizer: a bio-inspired algorithm for engineering problems . Knowledge-Based Systems . 159 . 20–50 . 10.1016/j.knosys.2018.06.001. 52965498 .
- Kumar . Meeta . Kulkarni . Anand J. . Satapathy . Suresh Chandra . 2018-04-01 . Socio evolution & learning optimization algorithm: A socio-inspired optimization methodology . Future Generation Computer Systems . en . 81 . 252–272 . 10.1016/j.future.2017.10.052 . 0167-739X.
- Elsisi. M.. 2019-03-01. Future search algorithm for optimization . Evolutionary Intelligence. en. 12. 1. 21–31. 10.1007/s12065-018-0172-2 . 56702321 . 1864-5917.
- Harifi. Sasan. Khalilian. Madjid. Mohammadzadeh . Javad. Ebrahimnejad. Sadoullah. 2019-06-01. Emperor Penguins Colony: a new metaheuristic algorithm for optimization. Evolutionary Intelligence. en. 12. 2 . 211–226. 10.1007/s12065-019-00212-x. 1864-5917. free.
- Kaveh. A.. Dadras. A.. 2017-08-01. A novel meta-heuristic optimization algorithm: Thermal exchange optimization. Advances in Engineering Software . en. 110 . 69–84. 10.1016/j.advengsoft.2017.03.014. 0965-9978.
- Heidari. Ali Asghar. Mirjalili. Seyedali. Faris. Hossam. Aljarah. Ibrahim. Mafarja. Majdi. Chen. Huiling. 2019-08-01. Harris hawks optimization: Algorithm and applications. Future Generation Computer Systems. en. 97. 849–872. 10.1016/j.future.2019.02.028. 0167-739X. 10072/384262. 86457167 . free.
- Askari. Qamar. Younas. Irfan. Saeed. Mehreen . 2020-05-11. Political Optimizer: A novel socio-inspired meta-heuristic for global optimization . Knowledge-Based Systems. en. 195. 105709. 10.1016/j.knosys.2020.105709 . 215830598. 0950-7051.
- Askari. Qamar. Saeed. Mehreen. Younas. Irfan . 2020-07-18. Heap-based optimizer inspired by corporate rank hierarchy for global optimization . Expert Systems with Applications. en. 161. 113702 . 10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113702. 225042569. 0957-4174.
- Zaeimi. Mohammad. Ghoddosian. Ali. 2020-08-01. Color harmony algorithm: an art-inspired metaheuristic for mathematical function optimization. Soft Computing . en . 24. 16. 12027–12066. 10.1007/s00500-019-04646-4. 209543050. 1433-7479.
- Kaveh. Ali. Talatahari. Siamak. Khodadadi. Nima. 2020. Stochastic Paint Optimizer: theory and application in civil engineering. Engineering with Computers. 38 . 3 . 1921–1952 . en. 10.1007/s00366-020-01179-5. 225121551 . 0177-0667.
- Zervoudakis. Konstantinos. Tsafarakis. Stelios. 2020. A mayfly optimization algorithm. Computers & Industrial Engineering. 145. 106559. en. 10.1016/j.cie.2020.106559. 219783081 .
- Harifi. Sasan. Mohammadzadeh. Javad. Khalilian . Madjid. Ebrahimnejad. Sadoullah. 2020-07-13. Giza Pyramids Construction: an ancient-inspired metaheuristic algorithm for optimization. Evolutionary Intelligence. 14 . 4 . 1743–1761 . en. 10.1007/s12065-020-00451-3. 220512280. 1864-5917.
- Azizi . Mahdi . Talatahari . Siamak . Gandomi . Amir H. . 2023-01-01 . Fire Hawk Optimizer: a novel metaheuristic algorithm . Artificial Intelligence Review . en . 56 . 1 . 287–363 . 10.1007/s10462-022-10173-w . 250057522 . 1573-7462. free .
- Zervoudakis. Konstantinos. Tsafarakis. Stelios. 2023. A global optimizer inspired from the survival strategies of flying foxes. Engineering with Computers. 39. 2 . 1583–1616. en. 10.1007/s00366-021-01554-w. 245636526 .
- Abdelhamid . Abdelaziz A. . Towfek . S. K. . Khodadadi . Nima . Alhussan . Amel Ali . Khafaga . Doaa Sami . Eid . Marwa M. . Ibrahim . Abdelhameed . May 2023 . Waterwheel Plant Algorithm: A Novel Metaheuristic Optimization Method . Processes . en . 11 . 5 . 1502 . 10.3390/pr11051502 . free . 2227-9717.
- Azizi . Mahdi . Aickelin . Uwe . A. Khorshidi . Hadi . Baghalzadeh Shishehgarkhaneh . Milad . 2023-01-05 . Energy valley optimizer: a novel metaheuristic algorithm for global and engineering optimization . Scientific Reports . en . 13 . 1 . 226 . 10.1038/s41598-022-27344-y . 2045-2322 . 9816156 . 36604589. 2023NatSR..13..226A .
- Zhang . Wei . Pan . Ke . Li . Shigang . Wang . Yagang . 2023-11-01 . Special Forces Algorithm: A novel meta-heuristic method for global optimization . Mathematics and Computers in Simulation . 213 . 394–417 . 10.1016/j.matcom.2023.06.015 . 0378-4754.
- Azizi . Mahdi . Baghalzadeh Shishehgarkhaneh . Milad . Basiri . Mahla . Moehler . Robert C. . 2023-04-01 . Squid Game Optimizer (SGO): a novel metaheuristic algorithm . Scientific Reports . en . 13 . 1 . 5373 . 10.1038/s41598-023-32465-z . 2045-2322 . 10066950 . 37005455. 2023NatSR..13.5373A .
- Deng . Lingyun . Liu . Sanyang . 2023-09-01 . Snow ablation optimizer: A novel metaheuristic technique for numerical optimization and engineering design . Expert Systems with Applications . 225 . 120069 . 10.1016/j.eswa.2023.120069 . 0957-4174.
- Abdel-Basset . Mohamed . Mohamed . Reda . Jameel . Mohammed . Abouhawwash . Mohamed . 2023-10-01 . Spider wasp optimizer: a novel meta-heuristic optimization algorithm . Artificial Intelligence Review . en . 56 . 10 . 11675–11738 . 10.1007/s10462-023-10446-y . 1573-7462.
- Niu . JingTai . Ren . Changjiang . Guan . Ziyu . Cao . Zhiyuan . 2023-08-01 . Dujiangyan irrigation system optimization (DISO): A novel metaheuristic algorithm for dam safety monitoring . Structures . 54 . 399–419 . 10.1016/j.istruc.2023.04.102 . 2352-0124.
- Guan . Ziyu . Ren . Changjiang . Niu . Jingtai . Wang . Peixi . Shang . Yizi . 2023-12-15 . Great Wall Construction Algorithm: A novel meta-heuristic algorithm for engineer problems . Expert Systems with Applications . 233 . 120905 . 10.1016/j.eswa.2023.120905 . 0957-4174.
- Abdollahzadeh . Benyamin . Khodadadi . Nima . Barshandeh . Saeid . Trojovský . Pavel . Gharehchopogh . Farhad Soleimanian . El-kenawy . El-Sayed M. . Abualigah . Laith . Mirjalili . Seyedali . 2024-07-01 . Puma optimizer (PO): a novel metaheuristic optimization algorithm and its application in machine learning . Cluster Computing . en . 27 . 4 . 5235–5283 . 10.1007/s10586-023-04221-5 . 1573-7543.
- Han . Muxuan . Du . Zunfeng . Yuen . Kum Fai . Zhu . Haitao . Li . Yancang . Yuan . Qiuyu . 2024-04-01 . Walrus optimizer: A novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm . Expert Systems with Applications . 239 . 122413 . 10.1016/j.eswa.2023.122413 . 0957-4174.