| Taal Basilica | |
| Fullname: | Minor Basilica and Parish of Saint Martin of Tours |
| Coordinates: | 13.8807°N 120.9248°W |
| Location: | Taal, Batangas |
| Country: | Philippines |
| Denomination: | Catholic |
| Founder: | Augustinians |
| Dedication: | Saint Martin of Tours |
| Status: | Minor Basilica |
| Functional Status: | Active |
| Heritage Designation: | National Historical Landmark |
| Designated Date: | January 14, 1974 |
| Architect: | Luciano Oliver |
| Architectural Type: | Cruciform basilica |
| Style: | Neo-classic |
| Length: | 88.6m (290.7feet) |
| Width: | 48m (157feet) |
| Width Nave: | 15.5m (50.9feet) |
| Dome Quantity: | 1 |
| Deanery: | Saint John the Evangelist[1] |
| Archdiocese: | Lipa |
| Province: | Lipa |
| Metropolis: | Lipa |
| Rector: | Conrado G. Castillo |
The Minor Basilica and Parish of Saint Martin of Tours (Filipino; Pilipino: Basilika Minor at Parokya ni San Martin ng Tours; Spanish; Castilian: Basílica Menor y Parroquia de San Martín de Tours), also known as the Taal Basilica, is a minor basilica in the town of Taal, Batangas, within the Archdiocese of Lipa. It is considered to be the largest church building in the Philippines and in Asia, standing 88.6m (290.7feet) long and 48m (157feet) wide. Martin of Tours is the patron saint of Taal, whose feast is celebrated every November 11.
In 1575, three years after the founding of the town of Taal in its old site near the shores of Taal Lake, work began on the construction of its first church by Diego Espinar with Martin of Tours as patron saint. The church was rebuilt in 1642 using stronger materials, but it was destroyed in 1754 along with the town of Taal in the largest recorded eruption of the Taal Volcano. This event led to transfer of the town and the church farther away from the volcano to its present site atop an elevated hill facing Balayan Bay. The ruins of the previous church can still be seen in the present-day town of San Nicolas.
Martín Aguirre donated the land and began the construction of the new church in 1755. It was continued by Gabriel Rodriguez in 1777 and by Jose Victoria in 1782. Ramon del Marco decorated the church, built the convent, and paved the "processional" road with bricks around the atrium of the parochial building. This church was damaged by a strong earthquake on September 16, 1852, centered near the Taal Volcano, though no volcanic eruption was recorded.
Construction of the present church began in 1856 by Marcos Antón with Spanish architect Luciano Oliver, commissioned to design and manage the construction of the new church. Although it was unfinished, it was inaugurated in 1865. The huge church was completed by Agapito Aparicio in 1878.
The church was then restored in 1953 in preparation for the canonical coronation of Our Lady of Caysasay. The following year on December 8, 1954, the church was declared as a minor basilica, the third in the country to be given such honor.
The church was again restored in 1972 by the Taal Quadricentennial Council for the 400th anniversary of the town's establishment. By Presidential Decree No. 375 on January 14, 1974, the church was declared a national historical landmark.[2]
The old belfry was later rebuilt in 1990 under the supervision of the National Historical Institute.
In 2011, upon the assignment of Alfredo Madlangbayan, the basilica underwent another renovation as sections the church interior were repainted to match its original trompe l'oeil ceilings. The tower was also modified to imitate the old tower destroyed by the earthquake of 1942, and a new set of carillon bells was later installed. The renovations were completed in November that same year.
On April 4, 2017, the basilica was damaged by a magnitude-5.5 earthquake that struck Tingloy. The basilica was significantly damaged further by twin earthquakes (magnitudes 5.6 and 6.0) that struck the neighboring towns of Mabini and Taysan that occurred four days later on April 8. This, along with the Taal Volcano eruption on January 12-22, 2020 covering the basilica in ash, led to a restoration by the NHCP. Once finished, it turned over the newly restored basilica to the Archdiocese of Lipa on November 11 of the latter year.[3] [4]
The basilica is built on the neo-classical architecture style on a Latin cross (cruciform) layout. The stone church has three naves with a grand transept and an elegant façade with Ionic and Doric orders. A small tower on the left side of the façade contained the large church bell, which in 1942 was destroyed by an earthquake.
The basilica is 88.6m (290.7feet) long and 48m (157feet) wide, making it the largest in the Philippines and Asia. The façade is 28m (92feet) high, while the cupola is 44.5m (146feet) high. It also has a 15.5m (50.9feet) nave.
Agapito Aparicio added a Doric altar with a height of 24m (79feet) and a width of 10m (30feet). He was also responsible for the baptistery made with tiles imported from Europe.