| Conflict: | Tapani Incident |
| Date: | 1915 |
| Place: | Taiwan |
| Map Marksize: | map_caption = |
| Result: | Japanese victory |
| Combatant1: | Han Taiwanese Taiwanese aborigines |
| Commander1: | Yu Qingfang |
| Commander2: | Unknown |
| Strength1: | 1,413[1] [2] |
| Strength2: | Unknown |
| Casualties1: | "thousands" |
| Casualties2: | Unknown |
The Tapani incident[3] or Tapani uprising[4] in 1915 was one of the biggest armed uprisings[5] by Taiwanese Han and Aboriginals, including Taivoan, against Japanese rule in Taiwan. Alternative names used to refer to the incident include the Xilai Temple Incident after the Xilai Temple in Tainan, where the revolt began, and the Yu Qingfang Incident after the leader Yu Qingfang.[6] Multiple Japanese police stations were stormed by Aboriginal and Han Chinese fighters under Chiang Ting (Jiang Ding) and Yü Ch'ing-fang (Yu Qingfang).[7]
Modern Taiwanese historiography attempts to portray the Tapani Incident as a nationalist uprising either from a Chinese (unification) or Taiwanese (independence) perspective. Japanese colonial historiography attempted to portray the incident as a large scale instance of banditry led by criminal elements. However, the Tapani Incident differs from other uprisings in Taiwan's history because of its elements of millenarianism and folk religion, which enabled Yu Qingfang to raise a significant armed force whose members believed themselves to be invulnerable to modern weaponry.[8]
The similarities between the rhetoric of the leaders of the Tapani uprising and the Righteous Harmony Society of the recent Boxer Rebellion in China were not lost on Japanese colonial authorities, and the colonial government subsequently paid more attention to popular religion and took steps to improve colonial administration in southern Taiwan.
The aboriginals carried on with violent armed struggle against the Japanese while Han Chinese violent opposition stopped after Tapani.[9]