| Tokyo Metro Ginza Line | |
| Other Name: | G |
| Mapcolor: | Orange (#) |
| Linenumber: | 3 |
| Native Name: | 東京メトロ銀座線 |
| Type: | Rapid transit |
| System: | Tokyo subway |
| Locale: | Tokyo |
| Stations: | 19 |
| Daily Ridership: | 943,606 (2017)[1] |
| Open: | [2] |
| Operator: | Tokyo Metro |
| Depot: | Shibuya, Ueno |
| Stock: | Tokyo Metro 1000 series (6 cars) |
| Tracks: | Double-track |
| Electrification: | (third rail) |
| Maxincline: | 3.3% |
| Trainprotection: | New CS-ATC |
| Map State: | collapsed |
The is a subway line in Tokyo, Japan, operated by Tokyo Metro. The official name is . It is long and serves the wards of Shibuya, Minato, Chūō, Chiyoda, and Taitō. It is the oldest subway line in Asia, having opened in 1927.[3]
The line was named after the Ginza commercial district in Chūō, Tokyo, under which it passes. On maps, diagrams and signboards, the line is shown using the color orange, and its stations are given numbers using the letter "G".
Almost all Ginza Line trains operate on the line's full length from Asakusa to Shibuya. However, two trains depart in the early morning from Toranomon, and some late-night trains from Shibuya are taken out of service at Ueno. Along with the Marunouchi Line, it is self-enclosed and does not have any through services with other railway lines.
On weekdays, trains run every 2 minutes 15 seconds in the morning and evening peak and every 5 minutes during the daytime. The first trains start from Shibuya and Asakusa at 05:01, and the last ones reach Shibuya at 00:37, and Asakusa at 00:39.
Being the oldest line on the Tokyo Metro, stations are also the closest to the surface—generally no more than one and a half stories underground. The western end of the line enters Shibuya Station located on the third-floor of a building that is located in a depression.
| No. | Station | Japanese | Distance (km) | Transfers | Ward | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Between stations | From Shibuya | ||||||
| 渋谷 | style="text-align: right" | - | 0.0 | Shibuya | |||
| 表参道 | 1.3 | 1.3 | Minato | ||||
| 外苑前 | 0.7 | 2.0 | |||||
| 青山一丁目 | 0.7 | 2.7 | |||||
| 赤坂見附 | 1.3 | 4.0 | |||||
| 溜池山王 | 0.9 | 4.9 | Chiyoda | ||||
| 虎ノ門 | 0.6 | 5.5 | Minato | ||||
| 新橋 | 0.8 | 6.3 | |||||
| 銀座 | 0.9 | 7.2 | Chūō | ||||
| 京橋 | 0.7 | 7.9 | |||||
| 日本橋 | 0.7 | 8.6 | |||||
| 三越前 | 0.6 | 9.2 | |||||
| 神田 | 0.7 | 9.9 | Chiyoda | ||||
| 末広町 | 1.1 | 11.0 | |||||
| 上野広小路 | 0.6 | 11.6 | Taitō | ||||
| 上野 | 0.5 | 12.1 | |||||
| 稲荷町 | 0.7 | 12.8 | |||||
| 田原町 | 0.7 | 13.5 | |||||
| 浅草 | 0.8 | 14.3 | |||||
The Ginza Line was conceived by a businessman named Noritsugu Hayakawa, who visited London in 1914, saw the London Underground and concluded that Tokyo needed its own underground railway. He founded the with Baron Furuichi Kōi in 1920, and began construction on September 27, 1925, after raising ¥6.2 million of the ¥35 million initially required to fund the project.[4] [5]
Originally, the Ginza Line was proposed to open from Shimbashi to Asakusa all at once, but because of a recession following the Great Kanto Earthquake, it became difficult to raise funds for the line. The portion between and was completed on December 30, 1927, and publicized as "the first underground railway in the Orient".[4] Upon its opening, the line was so popular that passengers often had to wait more than two hours to ride a train for a five-minute trip.
On January 1, 1930, the subway was extended by to temporary Manseibashi Station, abandoned on November 21, 1931 when the subway reached, 500m (1,600feet) further south down the line. The Great Depression slowed down construction, but the line finally reached its originally planned terminus of on June 21, 1934.
In 1938, the, a company tied to the predecessor of today's Tokyu Corporation, began service between and, later extended to Shimbashi in 1939. The two lines began through-service interoperation in 1939 and were formally merged as the Teito Rapid Transit Authority ("Eidan Subway" or "TRTA") in July 1941 in accordance with the .
The "Ginza Line" name was applied in 1953 to distinguish the line from the new Marunouchi Line. In the postwar economic boom, the Ginza Line became increasingly crowded. The new Hanzōmon Line began to relieve the Ginza Line's traffic in the 1980s, but the Ginza Line is still quite crowded as it serves major residential, commercial, and business districts in central Tokyo. According to a 2018 release of Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of Transportationhttps://www.mlit.go.jp/common/001299797.pdf, the Ginza Line is the seventh most crowded subway line in Tokyo, running at 160% capacity between and stations.[6]
Automatic train control (ATC) and train automatic stopping controller (TASC) were activated on the Ginza Line on July 31, 1993, replacing the previous mechanical automatic train stop (ATS) system.[7] This allowed for an increase in the maximum operating speed limit from 55km/h to 65km/h, which came into effect on August 2, 1993, and hence enabled a corresponding increase in the line's route capacity and train frequency.[8] The newest station on the line, Tameike-sannō Station, opened in 1997 to provide a connection to the newly built Namboku Line.
The line, station facilities, rolling stock, and related assets were inherited by Tokyo Metro after the privatization of the Teito Rapid Transit Authority (TRTA) in 2004.[9]
Since April 2012,[10] the Ginza Line uses a fleet of 40 six-car Tokyo Metro 1000 series EMUs which have a maximum speed of . Each car is long and wide, with three doors on each side. They are powered by a third rail electrified at 600 V DC. Both the Ginza Line and the Marunouchi Line are the only Tokyo Metro lines to use and third rail electrification, while subsequent lines employ narrow gauge rails and 1,500 V DC overhead power supply to accommodate through services.
Cars are stored and inspected at Shibuya Depot located after Shibuya Station and at, a facility located northeast of Ueno Station with both above-ground and underground tracks. The facility is capable of holding up to 20 6-car formations. Major inspections are carried out at Tokyo Metro's Nakano depot on the Marunouchi Line, forwarding over a connecting track at Akasaka-Mitsuke.
The last remaining 01 series trains were withdrawn from regular service on 10 March 2017.[11]