TRML explained

Hensoldt TRML-3D/4D
Country:Germany
Type:Early warning radar
Frequency:C band
Range:Between 40kmand250kmkm (30milesand160mileskm), depending on variant
Altitude:Between 0and, depending on variant

The TRML (German: Telefunken Radar Mobil Luftraumüberwachung, or "Telefunken mobile airspace surveilance radar") is a family of air defense radars first developed by Telefunken and currently produced by Hensoldt. It is a development of the earlier TRMS (German: Telefunken Radar Mobil Such or "Telefunken mobile search radar").

Retractable mast versions are TRML-2D with a rotating parabolic antenna and TRML-3D with a rotating phased array antenna, designated as Nahbereichsradar (NBR) or "short range radar" by the Bundeswehr. The latest TRML-4D comes with non-retractable, rotating base active electronically scanned array (AESA) solid-state antenna.

System description

TRML-2D was designed as an autonomous mobile command system for air defense with an integrated search radar. It can detect, identify and track aircraft at low and medium altitude, designate targets for the connected launchers and send commands to the battle management network. The range of the radar is 60 km for TRML-2D, 200 km for the TRML-3D/32, and 250 km for TRML-4D.

The crew shelter with integrated retractable mast is loaded onto a truck (Bundeswehr designation "Lkw 15 t mil gl BR"), but can also be dismantled to operate as a standalone trailer. A power generator is integrated on the unit. The crew consists of two or three surveillance radar operators.

The radar includes a sideband channel for detecting helicopters. This enables simultaneous action against fast, low-flying aircraft and anti-aircraft missiles as well as against extremely slow-flying targets such as hovering helicopters. The EPM (Electronic Protective Measures) equipment to protect against ECM in the Electronic Warfare and high-resolution Clutter suppression permit the detection and monitoring of even very small targets in difficult environmental conditions. TRML can feed the detected tracks into air defense combat management systems (HFLaAFüSyS 9, HEROS 2) to create more detailed picture of the airspace.

The manufacturer is the company DASA, which has been merged into EADS and has been trading under the name Airbus Defense and Space since January 2014. With the spin-off of the electronics division of Airbus Defense and Space at the end of February 2017, the company became Hensoldt.[1]

TRML 2D

TRML-2D uses rotating parabolic antenna with a cosecant-square pattern, where the lower edge slightly deviating from the parabolic shape (a so-called "lower lip"). The antenna can transmit and receive linearly and circularly polarized signals. The maximum antenna height is 12 m (top edge); the antenna can also operate on the roof of the shelter. Rotation rate is 14 to 27 RPM (2.25 to 4.44 s). The IFF antenna is integrated into the primary antenna. An omnidirectional antenna element for sidelobe suppression is located above the parabolic reflector. Ro

The range is specified by the manufacturer as 46 km for targets with a radar cross-section of 1 m2 and a probability of detection of 80% up to an altitude of 6000 m. For targets with a radar cross section of 3 m2, the range is 60 km.

TRML 3D

TRML-3D version is fitted with a 16 or 32-element passive electronically scanned array.[2] In the standard version, the antenna has linear horizontal polarization; vertical polarization is available as an option. It is mounted on a truck MAN SX45.[3] This radar entered service in 2004.[4]

TRS-3D

The marine search radar TRS-3D was created from blocks used by the TRML-3D, the first generation of this radar is uses PESA modules.[5]

A new variant, the TRS-3D Baseline D is being used by the US Coast Guard, known locally as the AN/SPS-75 radar. It uses solid-state GaN emitters.[6]

As of 2023, more than 50 of this variant are operational.[7]

TRML-4D

The latest variant of the radar was presented by Hensoldt at the Eurosatory in 2018.[8] [9] [10] It will be delivered to customers in 2020.[11]

The radar unit includes a completely redesigned AESA antenna with solid-state GaN elements, mounted on a non-retractable continuously rotating base. The system does not include an integrated operator shelter anymore, so a separate module is needed. TRML-4D combines digital beamforming with pulse-Doppler radar to detect difficult-to-locate airborne targets such as hovering helicopters or low-flying cruise missiles. The system has increased performance compared to its predecessors and is able to track 1500 targets at a range of up to 250 km. It supports Mode 5 and Mode S identification.[8] The radar unit includes an onboard power generator and can be carried by any truck that has standard 20 ft (6.1 m) ISO container fittings.[12] Instrumented range is 250 km, can track fighter type targets more than 120 km away.[13]

The IRIS-T SLS, SLM and SLX use primarily the TRML-4D as fire control radar.

TRS-4D

The marine version of the TRML-4D family is called TRS-4D.[14] [15] Two variants of this radar exist, one in fixed panel arrays, and the other as a rotating radar.

The American variant of the TRS-4D is designated as the AN/SPS-80 and is the rotating variant.[16]

Operators of land radars

TRML-2D

Germany (–)
  • Formerly used with a C2 center (command and control)center for the fire control of the ROLAND.

    TRML-3D

    Current operators

    Lithuania (3)
  • 3 in service with the Lithuanian Air Force, contract signed in 2001, all delivered by August 2004.[17] [18]
    Malaysia (2)
  • 2 radars ordered in December 2005, and delivered by 2008.[19] The contract included an option for 8 additional radars to be ordered in 2006, but it was not exercised.[20]
    Netherlands (5)
  • The Royal Netherlands Army operates 5 TRML-3D/32 with the NASAMS 2 air defence system as part of the AGBADS (Army Ground-based Air Defence System), those are used as air-surveillance radars.[21] [22] [23]
    Oman (1)
  • Radar operated by the Royal Guard of Oman. It is used as a fire control radar for the MICA VL air defence system, tested in 2012.[24]
    Thailand (3)
  • The radar is being operated by the Royal Thai Army with its MICA VL air defence system.[25] The first 2 radars were ordered in 2014.[26] The third radar was ordered in 2020, for a delivery by 2022. The variant used is the TRML-3D/32-6.[27]

    TRML-4D

    Egypt (23)
  • Orders:
    Estonia
  • Order
    Germany (1 delivered, 5 more on order, 2 in option)
  • Order (6)

    Options (2)

    As of August 2024, one battery has been delivered with its radar.[35]

    Latvia
  • Order
    Slovenia
  • Order (2)

    Ukraine (9 in service, 13 more on order)

    Orders (22)

    Deliveries (11)

    Potential sales TRML-4D

    (8)
  • 8 IRIS-T fire units with 3 launchers each are to be purchased by Austria. It will include IRIS-T SLM and SLS batteries. The decision for this system was announced in September 2023.[43]
    (1 + 6)
  • The Bulgarian parliament approved the purchase of 1 fire unit of the IRIS-T SLM for the Bulgarian Air Force in August 2024.[44] The TRML-4D is the likely radar, but not confirmed yet.
  • An option for up to 5 IRIS-T SLM and 1 IRIS-T SLX fire units is available until 2032.[45]
    (up to 41)
  • The Romanian armed forces are looking for up to 41 short-range air-defence systems, among the competitors are the IRIS-T SLS and IRIS-T SLM, but also the VL MICA, all of which could be using the TRML-4D.[46]
    On 21 May 2024, in the meeting with Germany Federal Ministry of Defence Boris Pistorius, the Ministry of National Defence Laurynas Kasčiūnas said that Lithuania was considering purchasing IRIS-T medium-range air defense system.[47]
    Switzerland
  • Pre-selected

    Operators of naval radars

    TRS-3D

    Current operators

    Denmark (1 operational, 3 retired)
    Finland (7 operational)
  • Finnish Navy:

    Finnish Coast Guard:

    Germany (5 operational, 8 retired)
    Malaysia (6 operational)
  • 6 TRS-3D/16 ES operated on the OPV (a MEKO 100 RMN).
    Norway (5 operational, 2 retired)
  • Radar used on two ships of the Norwegian Naval Forces:
  • Royal Norwegian Navy:

    Norwegian Coast Guard:

    Portugal (4 operational, 2 spare)
  • 6 TRS-3D/16 that equip the 6 ships of the (SF300 – Serie 2) sold by the Danish Navy to the Portuguese Navy.The Portuguese uses four ships as patrol ships, they class was renamed, and 2 were retired for spare parts.
    Spain (2)
  • 2 TRS-3D/16 installed on the amphibious transport dock of the Spanish Navy.[61]
    United States (13)
  • Used on several ships of the US Armed Forces:

    TRS-4D

    Current operators

    Germany (7 rotating + 41 fixed planar arrays radars)
  • Ordered and in service with the German Navy:
    United States (8 rotating radars)
  • 8 rotating TRS-4D (AN/SPS-80) ordered for the Freedom-class LCS (Littoral combat ship) and the first were installed in 2019.[67]
    Chile (3 rotating radars)
  • 3 rotating TRS-4D installed on the modernised c (former Type 23 frigates).[68]
    Future operators
  • Brazil (4 rotating radars ordered + 4 planned)
  • 4 rotating TRS-4D ordered for the Brazilian Navy based on the MEKO A-100 family of warships. 4 additional ships of this class are planned in the future.[69] The ships are in construction, the first was launched in August 2024.[70]
    Saudi Arabia (4 rotating radars)
  • 4 rotating TRS-4D (AN/SPS-80) ordered for the 4 Freedom-class LCS (Littoral combat ship) ordered by the Royal Saudi Navy.[71]

    Notes

    1. Web site: Who we are : HENSOLDT . 2022-06-18 . en.
    2. Web site: TRML-3D/32 - Mobile Air Surveillance and Defence Radar | HENSOLDT .
    3. Web site: TRML-3D/32 - Mobile Air Surveillance and Defence Radar HENSOLDT . 2024-08-19 . www.hensoldt.net.
    4. Web site: Chivukula . Kavya . 2020-10-23 . Hensoldt to deliver TRML-3D radar to Royal Thai Army . 2024-08-19 . Army Technology . en-US.
    5. Web site: TRS-3D - Naval 3D Multi-Mode Surveillance and Target Acquisition Radar .
    6. Web site: Bahtić . Fatima . 2023-09-26 . Hensoldt's TRS-3D multi-mode naval radar for USCG's cutters . 2024-08-19 . Naval Today . en-US.
    7. Web site: 2023-09-25 . HENSOLDT provides US Coast Guard with naval radars . 2024-08-19 . www.hensoldt.net . en-US.
    8. Web site: TRML-4D - Multi-Functional Air Surveillance and Target Acquisition Radar System | HENSOLDT .
    9. Web site: Hensoldt presenting TRML- 4D multi-function air surveillance and target acquisition radar | Defense News May 2021 Global Security army industry | Defense Security global news industry army year 2021 | Archive News year .
    10. Web site: HENSOLDT presents new ground-based Air Defence Radar . 19 June 2018 .
    11. Web site: EUROSATORY 2018: HENSOLDT DETAILS TRML-4D. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20190704083647/www.monch.com/mpg/news/c5i/3669-euro-hensoldt4d.html. 2019-07-04.
    12. Web site: TRML 4D – Multi-Functional Air Surveillance & Target Acquisition Radar . .
    13. Web site: EUROSATORY 2018: HENSOLDT DETAILS TRML-4D. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20190704083647/www.monch.com/mpg/news/c5i/3669-euro-hensoldt4d.html. 2019-07-04.
    14. Web site: Multi-Functional Air Surveillance and Target Acquisition Radar System. Hensoldt. 27 July 2024.
    15. Web site: HENSOLDT apresenta o radar de defesa aérea 3D TRML-4D. eb.mil.br. 27 July 2024. pt.
    16. Web site: Gain . Nathan . 2019-08-23 . US Navy LCS vessels now operate Hensoldt TRS-4D naval radar . 2024-08-19 . Naval News . en-US.
    17. Web site: OuinetAdmin . 2004-08-17 . EADS Delivers Radar System to Lithuania (Aug. 18) . 2024-08-19 . Defense aerospace . en-US.
    18. https://www.sipri.org/sites/default/files/yb05%20455%2010b.pdf
    19. Web site: MALAYSIAN MOD ORDERS EADS RADAR SYSTEM Microwave Journal . 2024-08-19 . www.microwavejournal.com . en.
    20. Web site: OuinetAdmin . 2005-12-06 . Malaysia Orders EADS Radar (Dec 7) . 2024-08-19 . Defense aerospace . en-US.
    21. Web site: Defensie . Ministerie van . 2023-05-04 . Army Ground Based Air Defence System - Materieel - Defensie.nl . 2024-08-19 . www.defensie.nl . nl-NL.
    22. Web site: OuinetAdmin . 2005-03-09 . EADS Wins Dutch Air Defense Contract (Mar. 10) . 2024-01-04 . Defense aerospace . en-US.
    23. Web site: admin . 2006-12-08 . Dutch Army Launches Air Defense Modernization Project - Defense Update: . 2024-05-03 . en-US.
    24. Web site: Royal Guard of Oman carries out first operational firing od MBDA's VL MICA system Press Release . 2024-08-19 . MBDA . en-US.
    25. Web site: 2020-10-22 . HENSOLDT delivers TRML-3D to Royal Thai Army . 2024-08-19 . www.hensoldt.net . en-US.
    26. Web site: Thai army unveils VL MICA air defence system Shephard . 2024-08-19 . www.shephardmedia.com . en.
    27. Web site: Chen . Chuanren . January 18, 2018 . Thai Army Boosts Air Defense Missile Capability AIN . 2024-08-19 . Aviation International News.
    28. Web site: 19 September 2018 . Federal Government approves arms exports to Gulf States . 19 September 2018 . Rheinische Post.
    29. Web site: 7 April 2022 . New German-made IRIS-T SLM air defense missile system of Egypt armed forces – Polygonjournal.com . 3 February 2024 . polygonjournal.com.
    30. News: Gebauer . Matthias . Schult . Christoph . 2021-12-15 . Ägypten: GroKo genehmigte noch kurz vor Regierungswechsel heiklen Waffenexport . 2021-12-27 . Der Spiegel . de . 2195-1349.
    31. Web site: 2023-09-14 . Latvia and Estonia purchase IRIS-T SLM anti-aircraft missile systems . 2024-05-03 . ВПК.name . en.
    32. Web site: 2023-05-21 . Estonia and Latvia to jointly buy IRIS-T SLM air defence system . 2024-05-03 . en.
    33. Web site: Macey . Joseph . 2023-07-19 . Hensoldt to Provide German Armed Forces with TRML-4D Radars . 2024-05-03 . Defense Advancement . en-US.
    34. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/germany-plans-buy-eight-iris-t-air-defence-systems-its-military-document-2023-02-01/
    35. Web site: 2024-01-19 . Bundeswehr erhält diesen Sommer erste IRIS-T SLM . 2024-08-19 . de-DE.
    36. Web site: 2023-07-17 . Air defence: Slovenia plans to acquire IRIS-T SLM system . 2024-05-03 . en.
    37. News: 20 October 2022 . Hensoldt delivers air defence radars for Ukraine in record time .
    38. Web site: 2023-01-18 . HENSOLDT delivers more air surveillance radars to Ukraine . 2024-05-03 . www.hensoldt.net . en-US.
    39. Web site: Ukraine conflict: Ukraine to receive additional air-defence radars . 2024-05-03 . Janes.com . en.
    40. Web site: Ukraine conflict: Hensoldt to deliver additional radars to Ukraine . 2024-05-03 . Janes.com . en.
    41. Web site: Hensoldt to send more TRML-4D radars to Ukraine Shephard . 2024-05-03 . www.shephardmedia.com . en.
    42. Web site: 2024-07-08 . Military support for Ukraine Federal Government . 2024-07-09 . Website of the Federal Government Bundesregierung . en.
    43. Web site: 2023-09-13 . Sicherheit: Österreich kauft Raketenwerfer - Zur Sache . 2024-05-16 . zur-sache.at . de-AT.
    44. Web site: 2024-08-07 . Bulgaria approves purchase of IRIS-T SLM . 2024-08-07 . Default . en.
    45. Web site: 2024-08-07 . Bulgaria approves purchase of IRIS-T SLM . 2024-08-07 . Default . en.
    46. Web site: 17 November 2023 . Achiziție militară majoră: România lansează o licitație de circa 2 mld euro pentru sisteme antiaeriene pe rază scurtă și foarte scurtă (VSHORAD / SHORAD) . Hot News . ro.
    47. News: Radvilė Rumšienė . 21 May 2024 . Po Kasčiūno ir Pistoriuso susitikimo – Lietuvos svarstymas įsigyti oro gynybos sistemas . 28 May 2024 . . lt.
    48. Web site: Medium-range ground-based air defence – Kongsberg and MBDA will not submit offers .
    49. Web site: Flyvefisken Class (SF 300) . 2024-08-19 . Naval Technology . en-US.
    50. https://www.radartutorial.eu/19.kartei/07.naval/karte008.en.html
    51. Web site: cmano-db.com . 2024-08-19 . cmano-db.com.
    52. Web site: Hamina Class . 2024-08-19 . Naval Technology . en-US.
    53. Web site: Hamina class Fast Attack Missile Craft FACM Finnish Navy . 2024-08-19 . www.seaforces.org.
    54. Web site: Hameenmaa Class . 2024-08-19 . Naval Technology . en-US.
    55. Web site: Turva - Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV) - Homelandsecurity Technology . 2024-08-19 . www.homelandsecurity-technology.com.
    56. Web site: Bremen-Klasse F122 . 2024-08-19 . www.bundeswehr.de . de.
    57. Web site: Hemanth . 2019-08-01 . Hensoldt to supply radars for second batch of German K130 corvettes . 2024-08-19 . Naval Technology . en-US.
    58. Web site: admin . 2012-08-12 . Cassidian to install TRS-3D naval radar on new Finnish OPV . 2024-08-19 . Naval Technology . en-US.
    59. Web site: 2019-01-24 . Hensoldt to provide updated TRS-3D radars for new Norwegian Coast Guard ships . 2024-08-19 . Default . en.
    60. Web site: Vavasseur . Xavier . 2019-08-16 . HENSOLDT delivers TRS-3D Radar & IFF system to Norwegian Coast Guard . 2024-08-19 . Naval News . en-US.
    61. Web site: Galicia Class Logistic Support Ships . 2024-08-19 . Naval Technology . en-US.
    62. Web site: 2019-08-26 . TRS-4D AESA radar accepted by US Navy . 2024-08-19 . Default . en.
    63. Web site: Hemanth . 2019-02-18 . Hensoldt wins naval radar systems contract for Germany's K130 corvettes . 2024-08-19 . Naval Technology . en-US.
    64. Web site: Hemanth . 2019-02-18 . Hensoldt wins naval radar systems contract for Germany's K130 corvettes . 2024-08-19 . Naval Technology . en-US.
    65. Web site: Editor . 2019-08-01 . HENSOLDT TRS-4D Rotator For German Corvettes . 2024-08-19 . Joint Forces News . en-GB.
    66. Web site: Staff . Naval News . 2024-08-19 . Hensoldt receives order for further TRS-4D radars for German Navy F126 frigates . 2024-08-19 . Naval News . en-US.
    67. Web site: Gain . Nathan . 2019-08-23 . US Navy LCS vessels now operate Hensoldt TRS-4D naval radar . 2024-08-19 . Naval News . en-US.
    68. Web site: Redacción . 2024-04-02 . The Chilean Navy celebrated a new anniversary of the incorporation of the Type 23 Frigate "Almirante Lynch" . 2024-08-19 . Zona Militar . en-US.
    69. Web site: Tamandare-Class Frigates, Brazil . 2024-08-19 . Naval Technology . en-US.
    70. Web site: Salerno-Garthwaite . Andrew . 2024-08-12 . Brazil launches first in class F200 Tamandaré frigate . 2024-08-19 . Naval Technology . en-US.
    71. Web site: Electronics . Military and Aerospace . 2022-01-11 . Saudi Arabia Bought Four Littoral Combat Ships from the United States . 2024-08-19 . The National Interest . en.

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