TRIM24 explained

Tripartite motif-containing 24 (TRIM24) also known as transcriptional intermediary factor 1α (TIF1α) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the TRIM24 gene.^{[1] [2]}

Function

The protein encoded by this gene mediates transcriptional control by interaction with the activation function 2 (AF2) region of several nuclear receptors, including the estrogen, retinoic acid, and vitamin D₃ receptors. The protein localizes to nuclear bodies and is thought to associate with chromatin and heterochromatin-associated factors. The protein is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) family. The TRIM motif includes three zinc-binding domains – a RING, a B-box type 1 and a B-box type 2 – and a coiled-coil region. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.^[3]

Interactions

TRIM24 has been shown to interact with Mineralocorticoid receptor,^[4] TRIM33,^[5] Estrogen receptor alpha^{[1] [6]} and Retinoid X receptor alpha.^{[1] [7]}

See also

• Transcription coregulator

Further reading

• Le Douarin B, Nielsen AL, You J, etal . TIF1 alpha: a chromatin-specific mediator for the ligand-dependent activation function AF-2 of nuclear receptors? . Biochem. Soc. Trans. . 25 . 2 . 605–12 . 1997 . 9191165 . 10.1042/bst0250605.
• Moosmann P, Georgiev O, Le Douarin B, etal . Transcriptional repression by RING finger protein TIF1 beta that interacts with the KRAB repressor domain of KOX1 . Nucleic Acids Res. . 24 . 24 . 4859–67 . 1997 . 9016654 . 10.1093/nar/24.24.4859 . 146346 .
• Thénot S, Henriquet C, Rochefort H, Cavaillès V . Differential interaction of nuclear receptors with the putative human transcriptional coactivator hTIF1 . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 18 . 12062–8 . 1997 . 9115274 . 10.1074/jbc.272.18.12062 . free .
• Fraser RA, Heard DJ, Adam S, etal . The putative cofactor TIF1alpha is a protein kinase that is hyperphosphorylated upon interaction with liganded nuclear receptors . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 26 . 16199–204 . 1998 . 9632676 . 10.1074/jbc.273.26.16199 . free .
• Eng FC, Barsalou A, Akutsu N, etal . Different classes of coactivators recognize distinct but overlapping binding sites on the estrogen receptor ligand binding domain . J. Biol. Chem. . 273 . 43 . 28371–7 . 1998 . 9774463 . 10.1074/jbc.273.43.28371 . free .
• Venturini L, You J, Stadler M, etal . TIF1gamma, a novel member of the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 family . Oncogene . 18 . 5 . 1209–17 . 1999 . 10022127 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1202655 . free .
• Remboutsika E, Lutz Y, Gansmuller A, etal . The putative nuclear receptor mediator TIF1alpha is tightly associated with euchromatin . J. Cell Sci. . 112 . 11. 1671–83 . 1999 . 10.1242/jcs.112.11.1671 . 10318760 .
• Klugbauer S, Rabes HM . The transcription coactivator HTIF1 and a related protein are fused to the RET receptor tyrosine kinase in childhood papillary thyroid carcinomas . Oncogene . 18 . 30 . 4388–93 . 1999 . 10439047 . 10.1038/sj.onc.1202824 . 2166439 .
• Nielsen AL, Ortiz JA, You J, etal . Interaction with members of the heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) family and histone deacetylation are differentially involved in transcriptional silencing by members of the TIF1 family . EMBO J. . 18 . 22 . 6385–95 . 2000 . 10562550 . 10.1093/emboj/18.22.6385 . 1171701 .
• Thénot S, Bonnet S, Boulahtouf A, etal . Effect of ligand and DNA binding on the interaction between human transcription intermediary factor 1alpha and estrogen receptors . Mol. Endocrinol. . 13 . 12 . 2137–50 . 2000 . 10.1210/mend.13.12.0387 . 10598587 . 23486519 . free .
• Zhong S, Delva L, Rachez C, etal . A RA-dependent, tumour-growth suppressive transcription complex is the target of the PML-RARalpha and T18 oncoproteins . Nat. Genet. . 23 . 3 . 287–95 . 1999 . 10610177 . 10.1038/15463 . 23613492 .
• Hellal-Levy C, Fagart J, Souque A, etal . Crucial role of the H11-H12 loop in stabilizing the active conformation of the human mineralocorticoid receptor . Mol. Endocrinol. . 14 . 8 . 1210–21 . 2001 . 10935545 . 10.1210/mend.14.8.0502 . free .
• Seeler JS, Marchio A, Losson R, etal . Common Properties of Nuclear Body Protein SP100 and TIF1α Chromatin Factor: Role of SUMO Modification . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 21 . 10 . 3314–24 . 2001 . 11313457 . 10.1128/MCB.21.10.3314-3324.2001 . 100253 .
• Reymond A, Meroni G, Fantozzi A, etal . The tripartite motif family identifies cell compartments . EMBO J. . 20 . 9 . 2140–51 . 2001 . 11331580 . 10.1093/emboj/20.9.2140 . 125245 .
• Zennaro MC, Souque A, Viengchareun S, etal . A new human MR splice variant is a ligand-independent transactivator modulating corticosteroid action . Mol. Endocrinol. . 15 . 9 . 1586–98 . 2002 . 11518808 . 10.1210/mend.15.9.0689 . free .
• Lee WY, Noy N . Interactions of RXR with coactivators are differentially mediated by helix 11 of the receptor's ligand binding domain . Biochemistry . 41 . 8 . 2500–8 . 2002 . 11851396 . 10.1021/bi011764+.
• Gandini D, De Angeli C, Aguiari G, etal . Preferential expression of the transcription coactivator HTIF1alpha gene in acute myeloid leukemia and MDS-related AML . Leukemia . 16 . 5 . 886–93 . 2002 . 11986951 . 10.1038/sj.leu.2402452 . free . 11392/1199413 . free .
• Peng H, Feldman I, Rauscher FJ . Hetero-oligomerization among the TIF family of RBCC/TRIM domain-containing nuclear cofactors: a potential mechanism for regulating the switch between coactivation and corepression . J. Mol. Biol. . 320 . 3 . 629–44 . 2002 . 12096914 . 10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00477-1 .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .

Notes and References

1. Thénot S, Henriquet C, Rochefort H, Cavaillès V . Differential interaction of nuclear receptors with the putative human transcriptional coactivator hTIF1 . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 18 . 12062–8 . May 1997 . 9115274 . 10.1074/jbc.272.18.12062 . free . 2009-02-22 . 2005-01-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20050124052409/http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/272/18/12062 . dead .
2. Le Douarin B, Nielsen AL, You J, Chambon P, Losson R . TIF1 alpha: a chromatin-specific mediator for the ligand-dependent activation function AF-2 of nuclear receptors? . Biochem. Soc. Trans. . 25 . 2 . 605–12 . May 1997 . 9191165 . 10.1042/bst0250605.
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: TRIM24 tripartite motif-containing 24.
4. Zennaro . M C . Souque A . Viengchareun S . Poisson E . Lombès M . September 2001 . A new human MR splice variant is a ligand-independent transactivator modulating corticosteroid action . Mol. Endocrinol. . 15 . 9 . 1586–98 . United States. 0888-8809. 11518808 . 10.1210/mend.15.9.0689 . free .
5. Peng . Hongzhuang . Feldman Irina . Rauscher Frank J . July 2002 . Hetero-oligomerization among the TIF family of RBCC/TRIM domain-containing nuclear cofactors: a potential mechanism for regulating the switch between coactivation and corepression . J. Mol. Biol. . 320 . 3 . 629–44 . England. 0022-2836. 12096914 . 10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00477-1 .
6. Thénot . S . Bonnet S . Boulahtouf A . Margeat E . Royer C A . Borgna J L . Cavaillès V . Dec 1999 . Effect of ligand and DNA binding on the interaction between human transcription intermediary factor 1alpha and estrogen receptors . Mol. Endocrinol. . 13 . 12 . 2137–50 . United States. 10.1210/mend.13.12.0387 . 0888-8809. 10598587 . 23486519 . free .
7. Lee . Wen-yi . Noy Noa . February 2002 . Interactions of RXR with coactivators are differentially mediated by helix 11 of the receptor's ligand binding domain . Biochemistry . 41 . 8 . 2500–8 . United States. 0006-2960. 11851396 . 10.1021/bi011764+.