TRD (gene) explained

T cell receptor delta locus (symbol TRD), also known as TCRD or TRD@, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRD gene.^[1] It contributes the delta (δ) chain to the larger TCR protein (T-cell receptor).

Further reading

• Chien YH, Iwashima M, Kaplan KB, Elliott JF, Davis MM . A new T-cell receptor gene located within the alpha locus and expressed early in T-cell differentiation . Nature . 327 . 6124 . 677–82 . 1987 . 2439914 . 10.1038/327677a0 . 1987Natur.327..677C . 4327838 .
• Hayes SM, Shores EW, Love PE . An architectural perspective on signaling by the pre-, alphabeta and gammadelta T cell receptors . Immunological Reviews . 191 . 28–37 . February 2003 . 12614349 . 10.1034/j.1600-065X.2003.00011.x . 28556794 .
• Guglielmi P, Davi F, d'Auriol L, Bories JC, Dausset J, Bensussan A . Use of a variable alpha region to create a functional T-cell receptor delta chain . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 85 . 15 . 5634–8 . August 1988 . 2456576 . 281814 . 10.1073/pnas.85.15.5634 . 1988PNAS...85.5634G . free .
• Hochstenbach F, Brenner MB . T-cell receptor delta-chain can substitute for alpha to form a beta delta heterodimer . Nature . 340 . 6234 . 562–5 . August 1989 . 2528071 . 10.1038/340562a0 . 1989Natur.340..562H . 29948685 .
• Dyer MJ . T-cell receptor delta/alpha rearrangements in lymphoid neoplasms . Blood . 74 . 3 . 1073–83 . August 1989 . 2546634 . 10.1182/blood.V74.3.1073.1073. free .
• Griesinger F, Greenberg JM, Kersey JH . T cell receptor gamma and delta rearrangements in hematologic malignancies. Relationship to lymphoid differentiation . The Journal of Clinical Investigation . 84 . 2 . 506–16 . August 1989 . 2547833 . 548910 . 10.1172/JCI114193 .
• Loh EY, Lanier LL, Turck CW, Littman DR, Davis MM, Chien YH, Weiss A . Identification and sequence of a fourth human T cell antigen receptor chain . Nature . 330 . 6148 . 569–72 . 1988 . 2825032 . 10.1038/330569a0 . 4362226 .
• Bartkowiak J, Kulczyck-Wojdala D, Blonski JZ, Robak T . Molecular diversity of gammadelta T cells in peripheral blood from patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia . Neoplasma . 49 . 2 . 86–90 . 2002 . 12088111 .
• Oyoshi MK, Nagata H, Kimura N, Zhang Y, Demachi A, Hara T, Kanegane H, Matsuo Y, Yamaguchi T, Morio T, Hirano A, Shimizu N, Yamamoto K . Preferential expansion of Vgamma9-JgammaP/Vdelta2-Jdelta3 gammadelta T cells in nasal T-cell lymphoma and chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection . The American Journal of Pathology . 162 . 5 . 1629–38 . May 2003 . 12707047 . 1851204 . 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64297-6 .
• Krejci O, Prouzova Z, Horvath O, Trka J, Hrusak O . Cutting edge: TCR delta gene is frequently rearranged in adult B lymphocytes . Journal of Immunology . 171 . 2 . 524–7 . July 2003 . 12847212 . 10.4049/jimmunol.171.2.524 . free .
• Book: van Hagen PM, Hooijkaas H, Vd Beemd MW, Verjans G, Baarsma GS . T-γδ Receptor Restriction in Peripheral Lymphocytes of Patients with Behçet's Disease . Adamantiades-Behçet's Disease . 528 . 267–8 . 2003 . 12918704 . 10.1007/0-306-48382-3_53 . 0-306-47757-2 . Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology .
• Szczepanski T, van der Velden VH, Hoogeveen PG, de Bie M, Jacobs DC, van Wering ER, van Dongen JJ . Vdelta2-Jalpha rearrangements are frequent in precursor-B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia but rare in normal lymphoid cells . Blood . 103 . 10 . 3798–804 . May 2004 . 14656882 . 10.1182/blood-2003-08-2952 . free .
• De Rosa SC, Andrus JP, Perfetto SP, Mantovani JJ, Herzenberg LA, Herzenberg LA, Roederer M . Ontogeny of gamma delta T cells in humans . Journal of Immunology . 172 . 3 . 1637–45 . February 2004 . 14734745 . 10.4049/jimmunol.172.3.1637. 9207247 . free .
• Fronková E, Krejcí O, Kalina T, Horváth O, Trka J, Hrusák O . Lymphoid differentiation pathways can be traced by TCR delta rearrangements . Journal of Immunology . 175 . 4 . 2495–500 . August 2005 . 16081821 . 10.4049/jimmunol.175.4.2495 .
• Chauhan SK, Tripathy NK, Sinha N, Nityanand S . T-cell receptor repertoire of circulating gamma delta T-cells in Takayasu's arteritis . Clinical Immunology . 118 . 2–3 . 243–9 . 2006 . 16307908 . 10.1016/j.clim.2005.10.010 .
• Joachims ML, Chain JL, Hooker SW, Knott-Craig CJ, Thompson LF . Human alpha beta and gamma delta thymocyte development: TCR gene rearrangements, intracellular TCR beta expression, and gamma delta developmental potential--differences between men and mice . Journal of Immunology . 176 . 3 . 1543–52 . February 2006 . 16424183 . 1592528 . 10.4049/jimmunol.176.3.1543 .
• Karrman K, Andersson A, Björgvinsdóttir H, Strömbeck B, Lassen C, Olofsson T, Nguyen-Khac F, Berger R, Bernard O, Fioretos T, Johansson B . Deregulation of cyclin D2 by juxtaposition with T-cell receptor alpha/delta locus in t(12;14)(p13;q11)-positive childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia . European Journal of Haematology . 77 . 1 . 27–34 . July 2006 . 16548914 . 10.1111/j.0902-4441.2006.t01-1-EJH2553.x . 22205994 .
• Touvrey C, Borel E, Marche PN, Jouvin-Marche E, Candéias SM . Gene-specific signal joint modifications during V(D)J recombination of TCRAD locus genes in murine and human thymocytes . Immunobiology . 211 . 9 . 741–51 . 2006 . 17015149 . 10.1016/j.imbio.2006.04.001 .

Notes and References

1. Web site: Entrez Gene: TRD@ T cell receptor delta locus.