TNFSF18 explained

Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 18 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF18 gene.^{[1] [2]}

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This cytokine is a ligand for receptor TNFRSF18/AITR/GITR. It has been shown to modulate T lymphocyte survival in peripheral tissues. This cytokine is also found to be expressed in endothelial cells, and is thought to be important for interaction between T lymphocytes and endothelial cells.^[3]

Further reading

• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, etal . The Secreted Protein Discovery Initiative (SPDI), a Large-Scale Effort to Identify Novel Human Secreted and Transmembrane Proteins: A Bioinformatics Assessment . Genome Res. . 13 . 10 . 2265–70 . 2003 . 12975309 . 10.1101/gr.1293003 . 403697 .
• Yu KY, Kim HS, Song SY, etal . Identification of a ligand for glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor constitutively expressed in dendritic cells . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 310 . 2 . 433–8 . 2003 . 14521928 . 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.09.024 .
• Kim BJ, Li Z, Fariss RN, etal . Constitutive and cytokine-induced GITR ligand expression on human retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors . Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. . 45 . 9 . 3170–6 . 2004 . 15326137 . 10.1167/iovs.03-0919 . free .
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, etal . The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) . Genome Res. . 14 . 10B . 2121–7 . 2004 . 15489334 . 10.1101/gr.2596504 . 528928 .
• Nardelli B, Zaritskaya L, McAuliffe W, etal . Osteostat/tumor necrosis factor superfamily 18 inhibits osteoclastogenesis and is selectively expressed by vascular endothelial cells . Endocrinology . 147 . 1 . 70–8 . 2006 . 16179414 . 10.1210/en.2005-0518 . free .
• Hanabuchi S, Watanabe N, Wang YH, etal . Human plasmacytoid predendritic cells activate NK cells through glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-ligand (GITRL) . Blood . 107 . 9 . 3617–23 . 2006 . 16397134 . 10.1182/blood-2005-08-3419 . free .
• Mahesh SP, Li Z, Liu B, etal . Expression of GITR ligand abrogates immunosuppressive function of ocular tissue and differentially modulates inflammatory cytokines and chemokines . Eur. J. Immunol. . 36 . 8 . 2128–38 . 2006 . 16874737 . 10.1002/eji.200635893 . free .
• Baumgartner-Nielsen J, Vestergaard C, Thestrup-Pedersen K, etal . Glucocorticoid-induced tumour necrosis factor receptor (GITR) and its ligand (GITRL) in atopic dermatitis . Acta Derm. Venereol. . 86 . 5 . 393–8 . 2006 . 16955181 . 10.2340/00015555-0118 . free .
• Baltz KM, Krusch M, Bringmann A, etal . Cancer immunoediting by GITR (glucocorticoid-induced TNF-related protein) ligand in humans: NK cell/tumor cell interactions . FASEB J. . 21 . 10 . 2442–54 . 2007 . 17360848 . 10.1096/fj.06-7724com . free . 6617086 .
• Tuyaerts S, Van Meirvenne S, Bonehill A, etal . Expression of human GITRL on myeloid dendritic cells enhances their immunostimulatory function but does not abrogate the suppressive effect of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells . J. Leukoc. Biol. . 82 . 1 . 93–105 . 2007 . 17449724 . 10.1189/jlb.0906568 . 19288807 . free .
• Bae EM, Kim WJ, Suk K, etal . Reverse signaling initiated from GITRL induces NF-kappaB activation through ERK in the inflammatory activation of macrophages . Mol. Immunol. . 45 . 2 . 523–33 . 2007 . 17602748 . 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.05.013 .
• Kim YS, Jung HW, Choi J, etal . Expression of AITR and AITR ligand in breast cancer patients . Oncol. Rep. . 18 . 5 . 1189–94 . 2007 . 17914571 . 10.3892/or.18.5.1189. free .

Notes and References

1. Kwon B, Yu KY, Ni J, Yu GL, Jang IK, Kim YJ, Xing L, Liu D, Wang SX, Kwon BS . Identification of a novel activation-inducible protein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and its ligand . J Biol Chem . 274 . 10 . 6056–61 . Mar 1999 . 10037686 . 10.1074/jbc.274.10.6056 . free .
2. Gurney AL, Marsters SA, Huang RM, Pitti RM, Mark DT, Baldwin DT, Gray AM, Dowd AD, Brush AD, Heldens AD, Schow AD, Goddard AD, Wood WI, Baker KP, Godowski PJ, Ashkenazi A . Identification of a new member of the tumor necrosis factor family and its receptor, a human ortholog of mouse GITR . Curr Biol . 9 . 4 . 215–8 . Apr 1999 . 10074428 . 10.1016/S0960-9822(99)80093-1 . 110695 . free . 1999CBio....9..215G .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: TNFSF18 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 18.