TIAL1 explained

Nucleolysin TIAR is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TIAL1 gene.^{[1] [2]}

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of RNA-binding proteins, has three RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), and binds adenine and uridine-rich elements in mRNA and pre-mRNAs of a wide range of genes. It regulates various activities including translational control, splicing and apoptosis. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. The different isoforms have been shown to function differently with respect to post-transcriptional silencing.^[3]

Further reading

• Taupin JL, Tian Q, Kedersha N, etal . The RNA-binding protein TIAR is translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm during Fas-mediated apoptotic cell death. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 92 . 5 . 1629–33 . 1995 . 7533298 . 10.1073/pnas.92.5.1629 . 42573 . 1995PNAS...92.1629T . free .
• Dember LM, Kim ND, Liu KQ, Anderson P . Individual RNA recognition motifs of TIA-1 and TIAR have different RNA binding specificities. . J. Biol. Chem. . 271 . 5 . 2783–8 . 1996 . 8576255 . 10.1074/jbc.271.5.2783 . free .
• Doi T, Minami T, Itoh M, etal . An alternative form of nucleolysin binds to a T-cluster DNA in the silencer element of platelet factor 4 gene. . Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. . 235 . 3 . 625–30 . 1997 . 9207209 . 10.1006/bbrc.1997.6817 .
• Jin K, Li W, Nagayama T, etal . Expression of the RNA-binding protein TIAR is increased in neurons after ischemic cerebral injury. . J. Neurosci. Res. . 59 . 6 . 767–74 . 2000 . 10700014 . 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4547(20000315)59:6<767::AID-JNR9>3.0.CO;2-K . 33671199 .
• Le Guiner C, Lejeune F, Galiana D, etal . TIA-1 and TIAR activate splicing of alternative exons with weak 5' splice sites followed by a U-rich stretch on their own pre-mRNAs. . J. Biol. Chem. . 276 . 44 . 40638–46 . 2001 . 11514562 . 10.1074/jbc.M105642200 . free .
• Iseni F, Garcin D, Nishio M, etal . Sendai virus trailer RNA binds TIAR, a cellular protein involved in virus-induced apoptosis. . EMBO J. . 21 . 19 . 5141–50 . 2002 . 12356730 . 10.1093/emboj/cdf513 . 129035 .
• Li W, Li Y, Kedersha N, etal . Cell proteins TIA-1 and TIAR interact with the 3' stem-loop of the West Nile virus complementary minus-strand RNA and facilitate virus replication. . J. Virol. . 76 . 23 . 11989–2000 . 2002 . 12414941 . 10.1128/JVI.76.23.11989-12000.2002 . 136884 .
• Yu Q, Cok SJ, Zeng C, Morrison AR . Translational repression of human matrix metalloproteinases-13 by an alternatively spliced form of T-cell-restricted intracellular antigen-related protein (TIAR). . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 3 . 1579–84 . 2003 . 12426321 . 10.1074/jbc.M203526200 . free .
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal . Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. . 99 . 26 . 16899–903 . 2003 . 12477932 . 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . 139241 . 2002PNAS...9916899M . free .
• Le Guiner C, Gesnel MC, Breathnach R . TIA-1 or TIAR is required for DT40 cell viability. . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 12 . 10465–76 . 2003 . 12533540 . 10.1074/jbc.M212378200 . free .
• Cok SJ, Acton SJ, Morrison AR . The proximal region of the 3'-untranslated region of cyclooxygenase-2 is recognized by a multimeric protein complex containing HuR, TIA-1, TIAR, and the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U. . J. Biol. Chem. . 278 . 38 . 36157–62 . 2003 . 12855701 . 10.1074/jbc.M302547200 . free .
• Zhu H, Hasman RA, Young KM, etal . U1 snRNP-dependent function of TIAR in the regulation of alternative RNA processing of the human calcitonin/CGRP pre-mRNA. . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 23 . 17 . 5959–71 . 2003 . 12917321 . 10.1128/MCB.23.17.5959-5971.2003 . 180986 .
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, etal . Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. . Nat. Genet. . 36 . 1 . 40–5 . 2004 . 14702039 . 10.1038/ng1285 . free .
• Shukla S, Dirksen WP, Joyce KM, etal . TIA proteins are necessary but not sufficient for the tissue-specific splicing of the myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1. . J. Biol. Chem. . 279 . 14 . 13668–76 . 2004 . 14736875 . 10.1074/jbc.M314138200 . free .
• Esclatine A, Taddeo B, Roizman B . Herpes simplex virus 1 induces cytoplasmic accumulation of TIA-1/TIAR and both synthesis and cytoplasmic accumulation of tristetraprolin, two cellular proteins that bind and destabilize AU-rich RNAs. . J. Virol. . 78 . 16 . 8582–92 . 2004 . 15280467 . 10.1128/JVI.78.16.8582-8592.2004 . 479066 .
• Hua Y, Zhou J . Survival motor neuron protein facilitates assembly of stress granules. . FEBS Lett. . 572 . 1–3 . 69–74 . 2004 . 15304326 . 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.07.010 . 27599172 . free .
• Suswam EA, Nabors LB, Huang Y, etal . IL-1beta induces stabilization of IL-8 mRNA in malignant breast cancer cells via the 3' untranslated region: Involvement of divergent RNA-binding factors HuR, KSRP and TIAR. . Int. J. Cancer . 113 . 6 . 911–9 . 2005 . 15514971 . 10.1002/ijc.20675 . 33272692 . free .
• Rush J, Moritz A, Lee KA, etal . Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells. . Nat. Biotechnol. . 23 . 1 . 94–101 . 2005 . 15592455 . 10.1038/nbt1046 . 7200157 .
• Suswam EA, Li YY, Mahtani H, King PH . Novel DNA-binding properties of the RNA-binding protein TIAR. . Nucleic Acids Res. . 33 . 14 . 4507–18 . 2005 . 16091628 . 10.1093/nar/gki763 . 1184220 .

Notes and References

1. Kawakami A, Tian Q, Duan X, Streuli M, Schlossman SF, Anderson P . Identification and functional characterization of a TIA-1-related nucleolysin . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 89 . 18 . 8681–5 . Oct 1992 . 1326761 . 49984 . 10.1073/pnas.89.18.8681 . 1992PNAS...89.8681K . free .
2. Web site: Entrez Gene: TIAL1 TIA1 cytotoxic granule-associated RNA binding protein-like 1.
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: TIAL1 TIA1 cytotoxic granule-associated RNA binding protein-like 1.