TAF5 explained

Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TAF5 gene.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Function

Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II requires the activities of more than 70 polypeptides. The protein that coordinates these activities is transcription factor IID (TFIID), which binds to the core promoter to position the polymerase properly, serves as the scaffold for assembly of the remainder of the transcription complex, and acts as a channel for regulatory signals. TFIID is composed of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and a group of evolutionarily conserved proteins known as TBP-associated factors or TAFs. TAFs may participate in basal transcription, serve as coactivators, function in promoter recognition or modify general transcription factors (GTFs) to facilitate complex assembly and transcription initiation. This gene encodes an integral subunit of TFIID associated with all transcriptionally competent forms of that complex. This subunit interacts strongly with two TFIID subunits that show similarity to histones H3 and H4, and it may participate in forming a nucleosome-like core in the TFIID complex.

Interactions

TAF5 has been shown to interact with:

• TAF6,^[4]
• TAF9,^{[5] [6]} and
• TAF15,^[7]
• TATA binding protein.^{[5] [8] [9]}

Further reading

• Zhou Q, Sharp PA . Novel mechanism and factor for regulation by HIV-1 Tat. . EMBO J. . 14 . 2 . 321–8 . 1995 . 7835343 . 398086 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07006.x.
• Parada CA, Yoon JB, Roeder RG . A novel LBP-1-mediated restriction of HIV-1 transcription at the level of elongation in vitro. . J. Biol. Chem. . 270 . 5 . 2274–83 . 1995 . 7836461 . 10.1074/jbc.270.5.2274 . free .
• Richard Gaynor . Ou SH, Garcia-Martínez LF, Paulssen EJ, Gaynor RB . Role of flanking E box motifs in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 TATA element function. . J. Virol. . 68 . 11 . 7188–99 . 1994 . 7933101 . 237158 . 10.1128/JVI.68.11.7188-7199.1994.
• Kashanchi F, Piras G, Radonovich MF, Duvall JF, Fattaey A, Chiang CM, Roeder RG, Brady JN . Direct interaction of human TFIID with the HIV-1 transactivator tat. . Nature . 367 . 6460 . 295–9 . 1994 . 8121496 . 10.1038/367295a0 . 1994Natur.367..295K . 4362048 .
• Maruyama K, Sugano S . Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides. . Gene . 138 . 1–2 . 171–4 . 1994 . 8125298 . 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8 .
• Wang Z, Morris GF, Rice AP, Xiong W, Morris CB . Wild-type and transactivation-defective mutants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein bind human TATA-binding protein in vitro. . J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. . 12 . 2 . 128–38 . 1996 . 8680883 . 10.1097/00042560-199606010-00005 . free .
• Dubrovskaya V, Lavigne AC, Davidson I, Acker J, Staub A, Tora L . Distinct domains of hTAFII100 are required for functional interaction with transcription factor TFIIF beta (RAP30) and incorporation into the TFIID complex. . EMBO J. . 15 . 14 . 3702–12 . 1996 . 8758937 . 452026 . 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00740.x.
• Pendergrast PS, Morrison D, Tansey WP, Hernandez N . Mutations in the carboxy-terminal domain of TBP affect the synthesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 full-length and short transcripts similarly. . J. Virol. . 70 . 8 . 5025–34 . 1996 . 8764009 . 190456 . 10.1128/JVI.70.8.5025-5034.1996.
• Kashanchi F, Khleif SN, Duvall JF, Sadaie MR, Radonovich MF, Cho M, Martin MA, Chen SY, Weinmann R, Brady JN . Interaction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat with a unique site of TFIID inhibits negative cofactor Dr1 and stabilizes the TFIID-TFIIA complex. . J. Virol. . 70 . 8 . 5503–10 . 1996 . 8764062 . 190508 . 10.1128/JVI.70.8.5503-5510.1996.
• Zhou Q, Sharp PA . Tat-SF1: cofactor for stimulation of transcriptional elongation by HIV-1 Tat. . Science . 274 . 5287 . 605–10 . 1996 . 8849451 . 10.1126/science.274.5287.605 . 1996Sci...274..605Z . 13266489 .
• Tao Y, Guermah M, Martinez E, Oelgeschläger T, Hasegawa S, Takada R, Yamamoto T, Horikoshi M, Roeder RG . Specific interactions and potential functions of human TAFII100. . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 10 . 6714–21 . 1997 . 9045704 . 10.1074/jbc.272.10.6714 . free .
• García-Martínez LF, Ivanov D, Gaynor RB . Association of Tat with purified HIV-1 and HIV-2 transcription preinitiation complexes. . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 11 . 6951–8 . 1997 . 9054383 . 10.1074/jbc.272.11.6951 . free .
• Dantonel JC, Murthy KG, Manley JL, Tora L . Transcription factor TFIID recruits factor CPSF for formation of 3' end of mRNA. . Nature . 389 . 6649 . 399–402 . 1997 . 9311784 . 10.1038/38763 . 1997Natur.389..399D . 4413324 .
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, Suyama A, Sugano S . Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library. . Gene . 200 . 1–2 . 149–56 . 1997 . 9373149 . 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3 .
• Bertolotti A, Melot T, Acker J, Vigneron M, Delattre O, Tora L . EWS, but not EWS-FLI-1, is associated with both TFIID and RNA polymerase II: interactions between two members of the TET family, EWS and hTAFII68, and subunits of TFIID and RNA polymerase II complexes. . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 18 . 3 . 1489–97 . 1998 . 9488465 . 108863 . 10.1128/mcb.18.3.1489.
• Brand M, Yamamoto K, Staub A, Tora L . Identification of TATA-binding protein-free TAFII-containing complex subunits suggests a role in nucleosome acetylation and signal transduction. . J. Biol. Chem. . 274 . 26 . 18285–9 . 1999 . 10373431 . 10.1074/jbc.274.26.18285 . free .
• Brand M, Moggs JG, Oulad-Abdelghani M, Lejeune F, Dilworth FJ, Stevenin J, Almouzni G, Tora L . UV-damaged DNA-binding protein in the TFTC complex links DNA damage recognition to nucleosome acetylation. . EMBO J. . 20 . 12 . 3187–96 . 2001 . 11406595 . 150203 . 10.1093/emboj/20.12.3187 .
• Martinez E, Palhan VB, Tjernberg A, Lymar ES, Gamper AM, Kundu TK, Chait BT, Roeder RG . Human STAGA complex is a chromatin-acetylating transcription coactivator that interacts with pre-mRNA splicing and DNA damage-binding factors in vivo. . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 21 . 20 . 6782–95 . 2001 . 11564863 . 99856 . 10.1128/MCB.21.20.6782-6795.2001 .

Notes and References

1. Dubrovskaya V, Mattei MG, Tora L . Localization of the gene (TAF2D) encoding the 100-kDa subunit (hTAFII100) of the human TFIID complex to chromosome 10 band q24-q25.2 . Genomics . 36 . 3 . 556–7 . February 1997 . 8884287 . 10.1006/geno.1996.0509 .
2. Tanese N, Saluja D, Vassallo MF, Chen JL, Admon A . Molecular cloning and analysis of two subunits of the human TFIID complex: hTAFII130 and hTAFII100 . Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A . 93 . 24 . 13611–6 . January 1997 . 8942982 . 19367 . 10.1073/pnas.93.24.13611 . 1996PNAS...9313611T . free .
3. Web site: Entrez Gene: TAF5 TAF5 RNA polymerase II, TATA box binding protein (TBP)-associated factor, 100kDa.
4. Hsieh YJ, Kundu TK, Wang Z, Kovelman R, Roeder RG . The TFIIIC90 subunit of TFIIIC interacts with multiple components of the RNA polymerase III machinery and contains a histone-specific acetyltransferase activity . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 19 . 11 . 7697–704 . November 1999 . 10523658 . 84812 . 10.1128/mcb.19.11.7697.
5. Tao Y, Guermah M, Martinez E, Oelgeschläger T, Hasegawa S, Takada R, Yamamoto T, Horikoshi M, Roeder RG . Specific interactions and potential functions of human TAFII100 . J. Biol. Chem. . 272 . 10 . 6714–21 . March 1997 . 9045704 . 10.1074/jbc.272.10.6714. free .
6. Martinez E, Palhan VB, Tjernberg A, Lymar ES, Gamper AM, Kundu TK, Chait BT, Roeder RG . Human STAGA complex is a chromatin-acetylating transcription coactivator that interacts with pre-mRNA splicing and DNA damage-binding factors in vivo . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 21 . 20 . 6782–95 . October 2001 . 11564863 . 99856 . 10.1128/MCB.21.20.6782-6795.2001 .
7. Bertolotti A, Melot T, Acker J, Vigneron M, Delattre O, Tora L . EWS, but not EWS-FLI-1, is associated with both TFIID and RNA polymerase II: interactions between two members of the TET family, EWS and hTAFII68, and subunits of TFIID and RNA polymerase II complexes . Mol. Cell. Biol. . 18 . 3 . 1489–97 . March 1998 . 9488465 . 108863 . 10.1128/mcb.18.3.1489.
8. Bellorini M, Lee DK, Dantonel JC, Zemzoumi K, Roeder RG, Tora L, Mantovani R . CCAAT binding NF-Y-TBP interactions: NF-YB and NF-YC require short domains adjacent to their histone fold motifs for association with TBP basic residues . Nucleic Acids Res. . 25 . 11 . 2174–81 . June 1997 . 9153318 . 146709 . 10.1093/nar/25.11.2174.
9. Ruppert S, Wang EH, Tjian R . Cloning and expression of human TAFII250: a TBP-associated factor implicated in cell-cycle regulation . Nature . 362 . 6416 . 175–9 . March 1993 . 7680771 . 10.1038/362175a0 . 1993Natur.362..175R . 4364676 . free .